part05+-第79章

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successors　are　appointed　by　the　same　body。〃







Secondly；　the　tribunal　to　meet　for　organization　not　later　than





six　months　after　the　treaty　shall　have　been　ratified　by　nine



powers；　to　organize　itself　as　a　permanent　court；　with　such



officers　as　may　be　found　necessary；　and　to　fix　its　own　place　of



session　and　rules　of　procedure。







The　third　article　provides　that　〃the　contracting　nations　will



mutually　agree　to　submit　to　the　international　tribunal　all



questions　of　disagreement　between　them；　excepting　such　as　may



relate　to　or　involve　their　political　independence　or　territorial



integrity。〃







The　fifth　article　runs　as　follows：　〃A　bench　of　judges　for　each



particular　case　shall　consist　of　not　fewer　than　three　nor　more



than　seven；　as　may　be　deemed　expedient；　appointed　by　the



unanimous　consent　of　the　tribunal；　and　shall　not　include　any



member　who　is　either　a　native；　subject；　or　citizen　of　the　state



whose　interests　are　in　litigation　in　the　case。〃







The　sixth　article　provides　that　the　general　expenses　of　the



tribunal　be　divided　equally　among　the　adherent　powers；　but　that



those　arising　from　each　particular　case　be　provided　for　as　may　be



directed　by　the　tribunal；　also　that　non…adherent　states　may　bring



their　cases　before　it；　on　condition　of　the　mutual　agreement　that



the　state　against　which　judgment　shall　be　found　shall　pay；　in



addition　to　the　judgment；　the　expenses　of　the　adjudication。







The　seventh　article　makes　provision　for　an　appeal；　within　three



months　after　the　notification　of　the　decision；　upon　presentation



of　evidence　that　the　judgment　contains　a　substantial　error　of



fact　or　law。







The　eighth　and　final　article　provides　that　the　treaty　shall



become　operative　when　nine　sovereign　states；　whereof　at　least　six



shall　have　taken　part　in　the　conference　of　The　Hague；　shall　have



ratified　its　provisions。







It　turns　out　that　ours　is　the　only　delegation　which　has　anything



like　a　full　and　carefully　adjusted　plan　for　a　court　of



arbitration。　The　English　delegation；　though　evidently　exceedingly



desirous　that　a　system　of　arbitration　be　adopted；　has　come



without　anything　definitely　drawn。　The　Russians　have　a　scheme；



but；　so　far　as　can　be　learned；　there　is　no　provision　in　it　for　a



permanent　court。







In　the　evening　there　was　a　general　assemblage　of　the　members　of



the　conference　at　a　reception　given　by　Jonkheer　van　Karnebeek；



formerly　Dutch　minister　of　foreign　affairs；　and　now　first



delegate　from　the　Netherlands　to　the　conference。　It　was　very



brilliant；　and　I　made　many　interesting　acquaintances；　but；



probably；　since　the　world　began；　never　has　so　large　a　body　come



together　in　a　spirit　of　more　hopeless　skepticism　as　to　any　good



result。　Though　no　one　gives　loud　utterance　to　this　feeling；　it　is



none　the　less　deep。　Of　course；　among　all　these　delegates



acquainted　with　public　men　and　measures　in　Europe；　there　is



considerable　distrust　of　the　intentions　of　Russia；　and；



naturally；　the　weakness　of　the　Russian　Emperor　is　well



understood；　though　all　are　reticent　regarding　it。　The　only　open



utterances　are　those　attributed　to　one　or　two　of　the　older



European　diplomatists；　who　lament　being　sent　on　an　errand　which



they　fear　is　to　be　fruitless。　One　of　these　is　said　to　have



bewailed　this　mission　as　a　sad　ending　to　his　public　services；　and



to　have　declared　that　as　he　had　led　a　long　life　of　devotion　to



his　country　and　to　its　sovereign；　his　family　might　well　look　upon



his　career　as　honorable；　but　that　now　he　is　probably　doomed　to



crown　it　with　an　open　failure。







May　18。







At　two　o'clock　in　the　afternoon　the　conference　held　its　open



session　at　the　〃House　in　the　Wood。〃　The　building　is　most



interesting；　presenting　as　it　does　the　art　and　general　ideas　of



two　hundred　and　fifty　years　ago；　it　is　full　of　historical



associations；　and　the　groves　and　gardens　about　it　are　delightful。



The　walls　and　dome　of　the　great　central　hall　are　covered　with



immense　paintings　in　the　style　of　Rubens；　mainly　by　his　pupils；



and；　of　these；　one　over　the　front　entrance　represents　Peace



descending　from　heaven；　bearing　various　symbols　and；　apparently；



entering　the　hall。　To　this　M。　de　Beaufort；　our　honorary



president；　the　Netherlands　minister　of　foreign　affairs；　made　a



graceful　allusion　in　his　opening　speech；　expressing　the　hope　that



Peace；　having　entered　the　hall；　would　go　forth　bearing　blessings



to　the　world。　Another　representation；　which　covers　one　immense



wall；　is　a　glorification　of　various　princes　of　Orange：　it　is　in



full　front　of　me；　as　I　sit；　the　Peace　fresco　being　visible　at　my



left；　and　a　lovely　view　of　the　gardens；　and　of　the　water　beyond；



through　the　windows　at　my　right。







The　〃House　in　the　Wood〃　was　built　early　in　the　seventeenth



century　by　a　princess　of　the　house　of　Orange；　the　grandmother　of



William　III　of　England。　The　central　hall　under　the　dome；　above



referred　to；　is　now　filled　up　with　seats　and　desks；　covered　with



green　cloth；　very　neat　and　practical；　and　mainly　arranged　like



those　in　an　English　college　chapel。　Good　fortune　has　given　me　one



of　the　two　best　seats　in　the　house；　it　being　directly　in　front　of



the　secretaries；　who　are　arranged　in　a　semicircle　just　below　the



desk　of　the　president；　at　my　left　are　the　other　members　of　our



delegation；　and　facing　me；　across　the　central　aisle；　is　Count



Munster；　at　the　head　of　the　German　delegation。　This　piece　of　good



luck　comes　from　the　fact　that　we　are　seated　in　the　alphabetical



order　of　our　countries；　beginning　with　Allemagne；　continuing　with



Amerique；　and　so　on　down　the　alphabet。







The　other　large　rooms　on　the　main　floor　are　exceedingly　handsome；



with　superb　Japanese　and　Chinese　hangings；　wrought　about　the



middle　of　the　last　century　to　fit　the　spaces　they　occupy；　on　all



sides　are　the　most　perfect　specimens　of　Japanese　and　Chinese



bronzes；　ivory　carvings；　lacquer…work；　and　the　like：　these　rooms



are　given　up　to　the　committees　into　which　the　whole　body　is



divided。　Up…stairs　is　a　dining…hall　in　which　the　Dutch　Government



serves；　every　working…day；　a　most　bounteous　lunch　to　us　all；　and



at　this　there　is　much　opportunity　for　informal　discussion。　Near



the　main　hall　is　a　sumptuous　saloon；　hung　round　with　interesting



portraits；　one　of　them　being　an　admirable　likeness　of　Motley　the



historian；　who　was　a　great　favorite　of　the　late　Queen；　and



frequently　her　guest　in　this　palace。







Our　first　session　was　very　interesting；　the　speech　by　the



honorary　president；　M。　de　Beaufort；　above　referred　to；　was　in



every　way　admirable；　and　that　by　the　president；　M。　de　Staal；



thoroughly　good。　The　latter　is　the　Russian　ambassador　to　London；



I　had　already　met　him　in　St。　Petersburg；　and　found　him



interesting　and　agreeable。　He　is；　no　doubt；　one　of　the　foremost



diplomatists　of　this　epoch；　but　he　is　evidently　without　much



knowledge　of　parliamentary　procedure。　Congratulatory　telegrams



were　received　from　the　Emperor　of　Russia　and　the　Queen　of　the



Netherlands　and　duly　answered。











May　19。







At　eleven　in　the　morning；　in　one　of　the　large　rooms　of　the　hotel；



the　presidents　of　delegations　met　to　decide　on　a　plan　of



organization　and　work；　and；　sitting　among　them；　I　first　began　to



have　some　hopes　of　a　good　result。　Still；　at　the　outset；　the



prospect　was　much　beclouded。　Though　a　very　considerable　number　of



the　foremost　statesmen　in　Europe　were　present；　our　deliberations



appeared；　for　a　time；　a　hopeless　chaos：　the　unfamiliarity　of　our



president；　Baron　de　St