part19-第7章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
after getting through the evening task of reading the letters and
papers of the day。 But with one foot in the grave; these are now
idle projects for me。 My business is to beguile the wearisomeness of
declining life; as I endeavor to do; by the delights of classical
reading and of mathematical truths; and by the consolations of a
sound philosophy; equally indifferent to hope and fear。
(*) _e。 g。_ The immaculate conception of Jesus; his
deification; the creation of the world by him; his miraculous powers;
his resurrection and visible ascension; his corporeal presence in the
Eucharist; the Trinity; original sin; atonement; regeneration;
election; orders of Hierarchy; &c。
I take the liberty of observing that you are not a true
disciple of our master Epicurus; in indulging the indolence to which
you say you are yielding。 One of his canons; you know; was that 〃the
indulgence which prevents a greater pleasure; or produces a greater
pain; is to be avoided。〃 Your love of repose will lead; in its
progress; to a suspension of healthy exercise; a relaxation of mind;
an indifference to everything around you; and finally to a debility
of body; and hebetude of mind; the farthest of all things from the
happiness which the well…regulated indulgences of Epicurus ensure;
fortitude; you know; is one of his four cardinal virtues。 That
teaches us to meet and surmount difficulties; not to fly from them;
like cowards; and to fly; too; in vain; for they will meet and arrest
us at every turn of our road。 Weigh this matter well; brace yourself
up; take a seat with Correa; and come and see the finest portion of
your country; which; if you have not forgotten; you still do not
know; because it is no longer the same as when you knew it。 It will
add much to the happiness of my recovery to be able to receive Correa
and yourself; and prove the estimation in which I hold you both。
Come; too; and see our incipient University; which has advanced with
great activitiy this year。 By the end of the next; we shall have
elegant accommodations for seven professors; and the year following
the professors themselves。 No secondary character will be received
among them。 Either the ablest which America or Europe can furnish;
or none at all。 They will give us the selected society of a great
city separated from the dissipations and levities of its ephemeral
insects。
I am glad the bust of Condorcet has been saved and so well
placed。 His genius should be before us; while the lamentable; but
singular act of ingratitude which tarnished his latter days; may be
thrown behind us。
I will place under this a syllabus of the doctrines of
Epicurus; somewhat in the lapidary style; which I wrote some twenty
years ago; a like one of the philosophy of Jesus; of nearly the same
age; is too long to be copied。 _Vale; et tibi persuade carissimum te
esse mihi_。
_Syllabus of the doctrines of Epicurus。_
_Physical_。 The Universe eternal。
Its parts; great and small; interchangeable。
Matter and Void alone。
Motion inherent in matter which is weighty and declining。
Eternal circulation of the elements of bodies。
Gods; an order of beings next superior to man; enjoying in
their sphere; their own felicities; but not meddling with the
concerns of the scale of beings below them。
_Moral_。 Happiness the aim of life。
Virtue the foundation of happiness。
Utility the test of virtue。
Pleasure active and In…do…lent。
In…do…lence is the absence of pain; the true felicity。
Active; consists in agreeable motion; it is not happiness; but
the means to produce it。
Thus the absence of hunger is an article of felicity; eating
the means to obtain it。
The _summum bonum_ is to be not pained in body; nor troubled in
mind。
_i。 e。_ In…do…lence of body; tranquillity of mind。
To procure tranquillity of mind we must avoid desire and fear;
the two principal diseases of the mind。
Man is a free agent。
Virtue consists in 1。 Prudence。 2。 Temperance。 3。 Fortitude。 4。
Justice。
To which are opposed; 1。 Folly。 2。 Desire。 3。 Fear。 4。 Deceit。
〃A FIRE BELL IN THE NIGHT〃
_To John Holmes_
_Monticello; April 22; 1820_
I thank you; dear Sir; for the copy you have been so kind as to
send me of the letter to your constituents on the Missouri question。
It is a perfect justification to them。 I had for a long time ceased
to read newspapers; or pay any attention to public affairs; confident
they were in good hands; and content to be a passenger in our bark to
the shore from which I am not distant。 But this momentous question;
like a fire bell in the night; awakened and filled me with terror。 I
considered it at once as the knell of the Union。 It is hushed;
indeed; for the moment。 But this is a reprieve only; not a final
sentence。 A geographical line; coinciding with a marked principle;
moral and political; once conceived and held up to the angry passions
of men; will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark
it deeper and deeper。 I can say; with conscious truth; that there is
not a man on earth who would sacrifice more than I would to relieve
us from this heavy reproach; in any _practicable_ way。 The cession
of that kind of property; for so it is misnamed; is a bagatelle which
would not cost me a second thought; if; in that way; a general
emancipation and _expatriation_ could be effected; and gradually; and
with due sacrifices; I think it might be。 But as it is; we have the
wolf by the ears; and we can neither hold him; nor safely let him go。
Justice is in one scale; and self…preservation in the other。 Of one
thing I am certain; that as the passage of slaves from one State to
another; would not make a slave of a single human being who would not
be so without it; so their diffusion over a greater surface would
make them individually happier; and proportionally facilitate the
accomplishment of their emancipation; by dividing the burthen on a
greater number of coadjutors。 An abstinence too; from this act of
power; would remove the jealousy excited by the undertaking of
Congress to regulate the condition of the different descriptions of
men composing a State。 This certainly is the exclusive right of
every State; which nothing in the constitution has taken from them
and given to the General Government。 Could Congress; for example;
say; that the non…freemen of Connecticut shall be freemen; or that
they shall not emigrate into any other State?
I regret that I am now to die in the belief; that the useless
sacrifice of themselves by the generation of 1776; to acquire
self…government and happiness to their country; is to be thrown away
by the unwise and unworthy passions of their sons; and that my only
consolation is to be; that I live not to weep over it。 If they would
but dispassionately weigh the blessings they will throw away; against
an abstract principle more likely to be effected by union than by
scission; they would pause before they would perpetrate this act of
suicide on themselves; and of treason against the hopes of the world。
To yourself; as the faithful advocate of the Union; I tender the
offering of my high esteem and respect。
JESUS AND THE JEWS
_To William Short_
_Monticello; August 4; 1820_
DEAR SIR; I owe you a letter for your favor of June the
29th; which was received in due time; and there being no subject of
the day; of particular interest; I will make this a supplement to
mine of April the 13th。 My aim in that was; to justify the character
of Jesus against the fictions of his pseudo…followers; which have
exposed him to the inference of being an impostor。 For if we could
believe t