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第7章

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after getting through the evening task of reading the letters and

papers of the day。  But with one foot in the grave; these are now

idle projects for me。  My business is to beguile the wearisomeness of

declining life; as I endeavor to do; by the delights of classical

reading and of mathematical truths; and by the consolations of a

sound philosophy; equally indifferent to hope and fear。




        (*) _e。 g。_ The immaculate conception of Jesus; his

deification; the creation of the world by him; his miraculous powers;

his resurrection and visible ascension; his corporeal presence in the

Eucharist; the Trinity; original sin; atonement; regeneration;

election; orders of Hierarchy; &c。




        I take the liberty of observing that you are not a true

disciple of our master Epicurus; in indulging the indolence to which

you say you are yielding。  One of his canons; you know; was that 〃the

indulgence which prevents a greater pleasure; or produces a greater

pain; is to be avoided。〃 Your love of repose will lead; in its

progress; to a suspension of healthy exercise; a relaxation of mind;

an indifference to everything around you; and finally to a debility

of body; and hebetude of mind; the farthest of all things from the

happiness which the well…regulated indulgences of Epicurus ensure;

fortitude; you know; is one of his four cardinal virtues。  That

teaches us to meet and surmount difficulties; not to fly from them;

like cowards; and to fly; too; in vain; for they will meet and arrest

us at every turn of our road。  Weigh this matter well; brace yourself

up; take a seat with Correa; and come and see the finest portion of

your country; which; if you have not forgotten; you still do not

know; because it is no longer the same as when you knew it。  It will

add much to the happiness of my recovery to be able to receive Correa

and yourself; and prove the estimation in which I hold you both。

Come; too; and see our incipient University; which has advanced with

great activitiy this year。  By the end of the next; we shall have

elegant accommodations for seven professors; and the year following

the professors themselves。  No secondary character will be received

among them。  Either the ablest which America or Europe can furnish;

or none at all。  They will give us the selected society of a great

city separated from the dissipations and levities of its ephemeral

insects。




        I am glad the bust of Condorcet has been saved and so well

placed。  His genius should be before us; while the lamentable; but

singular act of ingratitude which tarnished his latter days; may be

thrown behind us。




        I will place under this a syllabus of the doctrines of

Epicurus; somewhat in the lapidary style; which I wrote some twenty

years ago; a like one of the philosophy of Jesus; of nearly the same

age; is too long to be copied。  _Vale; et tibi persuade carissimum te

esse mihi_。




        _Syllabus of the doctrines of Epicurus。_




        _Physical_。  The Universe eternal。

        Its parts; great and small; interchangeable。

        Matter and Void alone。

        Motion inherent in matter which is weighty and declining。

        Eternal circulation of the elements of bodies。

        Gods; an order of beings next superior to man; enjoying in

their sphere; their own felicities; but not meddling with the

concerns of the scale of beings below them。

        _Moral_。  Happiness the aim of life。

        Virtue the foundation of happiness。

        Utility the test of virtue。

        Pleasure active and In…do…lent。

        In…do…lence is the absence of pain; the true felicity。

        Active; consists in agreeable motion; it is not happiness; but

the means to produce it。

        Thus the absence of hunger is an article of felicity; eating

the means to obtain it。

        The _summum bonum_ is to be not pained in body; nor troubled in

mind。

        _i。 e。_ In…do…lence of body; tranquillity of mind。

        To procure tranquillity of mind we must avoid desire and fear;

the two principal diseases of the mind。

        Man is a free agent。

        Virtue consists in 1。 Prudence。 2。 Temperance。 3。 Fortitude。 4。

Justice。

        To which are opposed; 1。 Folly。 2。 Desire。 3。 Fear。 4。 Deceit。







        〃A FIRE BELL IN THE NIGHT〃




        _To John Holmes_

        _Monticello; April 22; 1820_




        I thank you; dear Sir; for the copy you have been so kind as to

send me of the letter to your constituents on the Missouri question。

It is a perfect justification to them。  I had for a long time ceased

to read newspapers; or pay any attention to public affairs; confident

they were in good hands; and content to be a passenger in our bark to

the shore from which I am not distant。  But this momentous question;

like a fire bell in the night; awakened and filled me with terror。  I

considered it at once as the knell of the Union。  It is hushed;

indeed; for the moment。  But this is a reprieve only; not a final

sentence。  A geographical line; coinciding with a marked principle;

moral and political; once conceived and held up to the angry passions

of men; will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark

it deeper and deeper。  I can say; with conscious truth; that there is

not a man on earth who would sacrifice more than I would to relieve

us from this heavy reproach; in any _practicable_ way。  The cession

of that kind of property; for so it is misnamed; is a bagatelle which

would not cost me a second thought; if; in that way; a general

emancipation and _expatriation_ could be effected; and gradually; and

with due sacrifices; I think it might be。  But as it is; we have the

wolf by the ears; and we can neither hold him; nor safely let him go。

Justice is in one scale; and self…preservation in the other。  Of one

thing I am certain; that as the passage of slaves from one State to

another; would not make a slave of a single human being who would not

be so without it; so their diffusion over a greater surface would

make them individually happier; and proportionally facilitate the

accomplishment of their emancipation; by dividing the burthen on a

greater number of coadjutors。  An abstinence too; from this act of

power; would remove the jealousy excited by the undertaking of

Congress to regulate the condition of the different descriptions of

men composing a State。  This certainly is the exclusive right of

every State; which nothing in the constitution has taken from them

and given to the General Government。  Could Congress; for example;

say; that the non…freemen of Connecticut shall be freemen; or that

they shall not emigrate into any other State?




        I regret that I am now to die in the belief; that the useless

sacrifice of themselves by the generation of 1776; to acquire

self…government and happiness to their country; is to be thrown away

by the unwise and unworthy passions of their sons; and that my only

consolation is to be; that I live not to weep over it。  If they would

but dispassionately weigh the blessings they will throw away; against

an abstract principle more likely to be effected by union than by

scission; they would pause before they would perpetrate this act of

suicide on themselves; and of treason against the hopes of the world。

To yourself; as the faithful advocate of the Union; I tender the

offering of my high esteem and respect。







        JESUS AND THE JEWS




        _To William Short_

        _Monticello; August 4; 1820_




        DEAR SIR;  I owe you a letter for your favor of June the

29th; which was received in due time; and there being no subject of

the day; of particular interest; I will make this a supplement to

mine of April the 13th。  My aim in that was; to justify the character

of Jesus against the fictions of his pseudo…followers; which have

exposed him to the inference of being an impostor。  For if we could

believe t

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