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compared to a massive structure of lofty proportions and

astounding solidity; which; though it has nothing to delight the

eye or speak to the heart; cannot but impress us with its grand

symmetry; equally observable in its broad foundations as in its

strong and sheltering roof。



〃And what is France?  What is French society in these latter days?

A hurly…burly of disorderly elements; all mixed and jumbled

together; a country in which everybody claims the right to occupy

the highest posts; yet few remember that a man to be employed in a

responsible position ought to have a well…balanced mind; ought to

be strictly moral; to know something of the world; and possess

certain intellectual powers; a country in which the highest

offices are frequently held by ignorant and uneducated persons;

who either boast some special talent; or whose only claim is

social position and some versatility and address。  What a baneful

and degrading state of things!  And how natural that; while it

lasts; France should be full of a people without a position;

without a calling; who do not know what to do with themselves; but

are none the less eager to envy and malign every one who does。。。。



〃The French do not possess in any very marked degree the qualities

required to render general conscription acceptable; or to turn it

to account。  Conceited and egotistic as they are; the people would

object to an innovation whose invigorating force they are unable

to comprehend; and which cannot be carried out without virtues

which they do not possessself…abnegation; conscientious

recognition of duty; and a willingness to sacrifice personal

interests to the loftier demands of the country。  As the character

of individuals is only improved by experience; most nations

require a chastisement before they set about reorganising their

political institutions。  So Prussia wanted a Jena to make her the

strong and healthy country she is。〃



(8) Yet even in De Tocqueville's benevolent nature; there was a

pervading element of impatience。  In the very letter in which the

above passage occurs; he says: 〃Some persons try to be of use to

men while they despise them; and others because they love them。

In the services rendered by the first; there is always something

incomplete; rough; and contemptuous; that inspires neither

confidence nor gratitude。  I should like to belong to the second

class; but often I cannot。  I love mankind in general; but I

constantly meet with individuals whose baseness revolts me。  I

struggle daily against a universal contempt for my fellow;

creatures。〃MEMOIRS AND REMAINS OF DE TOCQUEVILLE; vol。 i。 p。

813。  (Letter to Kergorlay; Nov。 13th; 1833)。



(9) Gleig's 'Life of Wellington;' pp。 314; 315。



(10) 'Life of Arnold;' i。 94。



(11) See the 'Memoir of George Wilson; M。D。; F。R。S。E。' By his sister

(Edinburgh; 1860)。



(12) Such cases are not unusual。  We personally knew a young lady; a

countrywoman of Professor Wilson; afflicted by cancer in the

breast; who concealed the disease from her parents lest it should

occasion them distress。  An operation became necessary; and when

the surgeons called for the purpose of performing it; she herself

answered the door; received them with a cheerful countenance; led

them upstairs to her room; and submitted to the knife; and her

parents knew nothing of the operation until it was all over。

But the disease had become too deeply seated for recovery;

and the noble self…denying girl died; cheerful and uncomplaining

to the end。



(13) 〃One night; about eleven o'clock; Keats returned home in a state

of strange physical excitementit might have appeared; to those

who did not know him; one of fierce intoxication。  He told his

friend he had been outside the stage…coach; had received a severe

chill; was a little fevered; but added; 'I don't feel it now。'  He

was easily persuaded to go to bed; and as he leapt into the cold

sheets; before his head was on the pillow; he slightly coughed and

said; 'That is blood from my mouth; bring me the candle; let me

see this blood' He gazed steadfastly for some moments at the ruddy

stain; and then; looking in his friend's face with an expression

of sudden calmness never to be forgotten; said; 'I know the colour

of that bloodit is arterial blood。  I cannot be deceived in

that colour; that drop is my death…warrant。  I must die!'〃

Houghton's LIFE OF KEATS; Ed。 1867; p。 289。



In the case of George Wilson; the bleeding was in the first

instance from the stomach; though he afterwards suffered from lung

haemorrhage like Keats。  Wilson afterwards; speaking of the Lives

of Lamb and Keats; which had just appeared; said he had been

reading them with great sadness。  〃There is;〃 said he; 〃something

in the noble brotherly love of Charles to brighten; and hallow;

and relieve that sadness; but Keats's deathbed is the blackness of

midnight; unmitigated by one ray of light!〃



(14) On the doctors; who attended him in his first attack; mistaking

the haemorrhage from the stomach for haemorrhage from the lungs;

he wrote: 〃It would have been but poor consolation to have had

as an epitaph:…



      〃Here lies George Wilson;

        Overtaken by Nemesis;

      He died not of Haemoptysis;

        But of Haematemesis。〃



(15) 'Memoir;' p。 427。







CHAPTER VIII。TEMPER。







      〃Temper is nine…tenths of Christianity。〃BISHOP WILSON。



        〃Heaven is a temper; not a place。〃DR。 CHALMERS。



        〃And should my youth; as youth is apt I know;

                   Some harshness show;

        All vain asperities I day by day

                   Would wear away;

        Till the smooth temper of my age should be

        Like the high leaves upon the Holly Tree〃SOUTHEY。



    Even Power itself hath not one…half the might of Gentleness〃

                                                  LEIGH HUNT。





It has been said that men succeed in life quite as much by their

temper as by their talents。  However this may be; it is certain

that their happiness in life depends mainly upon their equanimity

of disposition; their patience and forbearance; and their kindness

and thoughtfulness for those about them。  It is really true what

Plato says; that in seeking the good of others we find our own。



There are some natures so happily constituted that they can find

good in everything。  There is no calamity so great but they can

educe comfort or consolation from itno sky so black but they

can discover a gleam of sunshine issuing through it from some

quarter or another; and if the sun be not visible to their eyes;

they at least comfort themselves with the thought that it IS

there; though veiled from them for some good and wise purpose。



Such happy natures are to be envied。  They have a beam in the eye

a beam of pleasure; gladness; religious cheerfulness;

philosophy; call it what you will。  Sunshine is about their

hearts; and their mind gilds with its own hues all that it looks

upon。  When they have burdens to bear; they bear them cheerfully

not repining; nor fretting; nor wasting their energies in useless

lamentation; but struggling onward manfully; gathering up such

flowers as lie along their path。



Let it not for a moment be supposed that men such as those we

speak of are weak and unreflective。  The largest and most

comprehensive natures are generally also the most cheerful; the

most loving; the most hopeful; the most trustful。  It is the wise

man; of large vision; who is the quickest to discern the moral

sunshine gleaming through the darkest cloud。  In present evil he

sees prospective good; in pain; he recognises the effort of nature

to restore health; in trials; he finds correction and discipline;

and in sorrow and suffering; he gathers courage; knowledge; and

the best practical wisdom。



When Jeremy Taylor had lost allwhen his house had been

plundered; and his family driven out…of…doors; and all his worldly

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