character-第21章
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from their graves; and beckon us on in the paths which they have
trod。 Their example is still with us; to guide; to influence;
and to direct us。 For nobility of character is a perpetual
bequest; living from age to age; and constantly tending to
reproduce its like。
〃The sage;〃 say the Chinese; 〃is the instructor of a hundred ages。
When the manners of Loo are heard of; the stupid become
intelligent; and the wavering determined。〃 Thus the acted life of
a good man continues to be a gospel of freedom and emancipation to
all who succeed him:
〃To live in hearts we leave behind;
is not to die。〃
The golden words that good men have uttered; the examples they
have set; live through all time: they pass into the thoughts and
hearts of their successors; help them on the road of life; and
often console them in the hour of death。 〃And the most miserable
or most painful of deaths;〃 said Henry Marten; the Commonwealth
man; who died in prison; 〃is as nothing compared with the memory
of a well…spent life; and great alone is he who has earned the
glorious privilege of bequeathing such a lesson and example to his
successors!
NOTES。
(1) 'Letters of Sir Charles Bell;' p。 10。
(2) 'Autobiography of Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck;' p。 179。
(3) Dean Stanley's 'Life of Dr。 Arnold;' i。 151 (Ed。 1858)。
(4) Lord Cockburn's 'Memorials;' pp。 25…6。
(5) From a letter of Canon Moseley; read at a Memorial Meeting held
shortly after the death of the late Lord Herbert of Lea。
(6) Izaak Walton's 'Life of George Herbert。'
(7) Stanley's 'Life and Letters of Dr。 Arnold;' i。 33。
(8) Philip de Comines gives a curious illustration of the subservient;
though enforced; imitation of Philip; Duke of Burgundy; by his
courtiers。 When that prince fell ill; and had his head shaved; he
ordered that all his nobles; five hundred in number; should in
like manner shave their heads; and one of them; Pierre de
Hagenbach; to prove his devotion; no sooner caught sight of an
unshaven nobleman; than he forthwith had him seized and carried
off to the barber!Philip de Comines (Bohn's Ed。); p。 243。
(9) 'Life;' i。 344。
(10) Introduction to 'The Principal Speeches and Addresses of H。R。H。
the Prince Consort;' p。 33。
(11) Speech at Liverpool; 1812。
CHAPTER IV。WORK。
〃Arise therefore; and be doing; and the Lord be with thee。〃
l CHRONICLES xxii。 16。
〃Work as if thou hadst to live for aye;
Worship as if thou wert to die to…day。〃TUSCAN PROVERB。
〃C'est par le travail qu'on regne。〃LOUIS XIV
〃Blest work! if ever thou wert curse of God;
What must His blessing be!〃J。 B。 SELKIRK。
〃Let every man be OCCUPIED; and occupied in the highest employment
of which his nature is capable; and die with the consciousness
that he has done his best〃Sydney Smith。
WORK is one of the best educators of practical character。 It
evokes and disciplines obedience; self…control; attention;
application; and perseverance; giving a man deftness and skill in
his special calling; and aptitude and dexterity in dealing with
the affairs of ordinary life。
Work is the law of our beingthe living principle that carries
men and nations onward。 The greater number of men have to work
with their hands; as a matter of necessity; in order to live; but
all must work in one way or another; if they would enjoy life as
it ought to be enjoyed。
Labour may be a burden and a chastisement; but it is also an
honour and a glory。 Without it; nothing can be accomplished。 All
that is great in man comes through work; and civilisation is its
product。 Were labour abolished; the race of Adam were at once
stricken by moral death。
It is idleness that is the curse of mannot labour。 Idleness
eats the heart out of men as of nations; and consumes them as rust
does iron。 When Alexander conquered the Persians; and had an
opportunity of observing their manners; he remarked that they did
not seem conscious that there could be anything more servile than
a life of pleasure; or more princely than a life of toil。
When the Emperor Severus lay on his deathbed at York; whither he
had been borne on a litter from the foot of the Grampians; his
final watchword to his soldiers was; 〃LABOREMUS〃 (we must work);
and nothing but constant toil maintained the power and extended
the authority of the Roman generals。
In describing the earlier social condition of Italy; when the
ordinary occupations of rural life were considered compatible with
the highest civic dignity; Pliny speaks of the triumphant generals
and their men; returning contentedly to the plough。 In those days
the lands were tilled by the hands even of generals; the soil
exulting beneath a ploughshare crowned with laurels; and guided by
a husbandman graced with triumphs: 〃IPSORUM TUNC MANIBUS
IMPERATORUM COLEBANTUR AGRI: UT FAS EST CREDERE; GAUDENTE TERRA
VOMERE LAUREATO ET TRIUMPHALI ARATORE。〃 (1) It was only after
slaves became extensively employed in all departments of industry
that labour came to be regarded as dishonourable and servile。 And
so soon as indolence and luxury became the characteristics of the
ruling classes of Rome; the downfall of the empire; sooner or
later; was inevitable。
There is; perhaps; no tendency of our nature that has to be more
carefully guarded against than indolence。 When Mr。 Gurney asked
an intelligent foreigner who had travelled over the greater part
of the world; whether he had observed any one quality which; more
than another; could be regarded as a universal characteristic of
our species; his answer was; in broken English; 〃Me tink dat all
men LOVE LAZY。〃 It is characteristic of the savage as of the
despot。 It is natural to men to endeavour to enjoy the products
of labour without its toils。 Indeed; so universal is this desire;
that James Mill has argued that it was to prevent its indulgence
at the expense of society at large; that the expedient of
Government was originally invented。 (2)
Indolence is equally degrading to individuals as to nations。
Sloth never made its mark in the world; and never will。 Sloth
never climbed a hill; nor overcame a difficulty that it could
avoid。 Indolence always failed in life; and always will。 It is
in the nature of things that it should not succeed in anything。
It is a burden; an incumbrance; and a nuisancealways useless;
complaining; melancholy; and miserable。
Burton; in his quaint and curious; bookthe only one; Johnson
says; that ever took him out of bed two hours sooner than he
wished to risedescribes the causes of Melancholy as hingeing
mainly on Idleness。 〃Idleness;〃 he says; 〃is the bane of body and
mind; the nurse of naughtiness; the chief mother of all mischief;
one of the seven deadly sins; the devil's cushion; his pillow and
chief reposal。。。。 An idle dog will be mangy; and how shall an
idle person escape? Idleness of the mind is much worse than that
of the body: wit; without employment; is a diseasethe rust of
the soul; a plague; a hell itself。 As in a standing pool; worms
and filthy creepers increase; so do evil and corrupt thoughts in
an idle person; the soul is contaminated。。。。 Thus much I dare
boldly say: he or she that is idle; be they of what condition they
will; never so rich; so well allied; fortunate; happylet them
have all things in abundance and felicity that heart can wish and
desire; all contentmentso long as he; or she; or they; are
idle; they shall never be pleased; never well in body or mind; but
weary still; sickly still; vexed still; loathing still; weeping;
sighing; grieving; suspecting; offended with the world; with every
object; wishing themselves gone or dead; or else carried away with
some foolish phantasie or other。〃 (3)
Burton says a great deal more to the same effect; the burden and
les