history of friedrich ii of prussia v 16-第49章
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themselves。＇but what farther can he do？' In short； Konig speaks always in a clear business…like manful tone； the one person that makes a really respectful and respectable figure in this Controversy of the Infinitely Little。 A man whom； viewed from this quiet distance； it seems almost inconceivably absurd to have suspected of forging for so small an object。 Oh； my President； that DIRA REGNANDI CUPIDO！
〃Question is； however； What the Academy will do？ One Member； 'the best Geometer among them' ＇whose name is not given； but which the Berlin Academy should write in big letters across this sad Page of their Annals； by way of erasure to the same＇； dissented from the high line of procedure； asserting Konig's innocence in this matter； nay； hinting agreement with Konig's opinion。 But was met by such a storm； that he withdrew from the deliberations； which henceforth went their own bad course； unanimous though slow。 And so the matter pendulates all through Winter； 1751…52； and was much the theme of idle men。〃
Voltaire heard of it vaguely all along； but not with distinctness till the end of July following。 As Spring advanced； Maupertuis had fallen ill of lungs；threatened with spitting of blood （〃owing to excess of brandy；〃 hints the malicious Voltaire； 〃which is fashionable at St。 Malo；〃 birthplace of Maupertuis）；and could not farther direct the Academy in this affair。 The Academy needs no direction farther。 Here； very soon； for a sick President's consolation； is what the Academy decides on； by way of catastrophe：
THURSDAY EVENING； 13th APRIL； 1752； The Academy met； Curator Monsieur de Keith； presiding； about a score of acting Members present。 To whom Curator de Keith； as the first thing； reads a magnanimous brief Letter from our Perpetual President： 〃That； for two reasons； he cannot attend on this important occasion： First； because he is too ill； which would itself be conclusive； but secondly； and A FORTIORI； because he is in some sense a party to the cause； and ought not if he could。〃 Whereupon； Secretary Formey having done his Documentary flourishings； Curator Euler （great in Algebra； apparently not very great in common sense and the rules of good temper）reads considerable 〃Report；〃 ＇Is No。 1 of Maupertuisiana。 ＇ reciting； not in a dishonest； but in a dim wearisome way； the various steps of the Affair； as readers already know them； and concludes with this extraordinary practical result： 〃Things being so （LES CHOSES ETANT TELLES）： the Fragment being of itself suspect ＇what could Leibnitz know of Maxima and Minima？ They were not developed till one Euler did it； quite in late years！＇； ＇ Maupertuisians； No。 i。 22。＇ of itself suspect； and Monsieur Konig having failed to〃 &c。 &c。；〃it is assuredly manifest that his cause is one of the worst （DES PLUS MAUVAISES）； and that this Fragment has been forged。〃 Singular to think！ 〃And the Academy； all things duly considered； will not hesitate to declare it false （SUPPOSE）； and thereby deprive it publicly of all authority which may have been ascribed to it〃 （HEAR； HEAR！ from all parts）。
Curator de Keith then collects the votes；twenty…three in all； some sixteen are of working Members； two are from accidental Strangers （〃travelling students；〃 say the enemy）； the rest from Curators of Quality：Vote is unanimous； 〃Adopt the Report。 Fragment evidently forged； and cannot have the least shadow of authority （AUCUNE OMBRE D'AUTHORITE）。 Forged by whom； we do not now ask； nor what the Academy could； on plain grounds； now do to Monsieur Konig ＇NOT nail his ears to the pump； oh no！＇； enough； it IS forged； and so remains。〃 Signed； 〃Curator de Keith；〃 and Six other Office…bearers； 〃Formey； Perpetual Secretary〃' closing the list。
At the name Keith； a slight shadow （very slight； for how could Keith help himself？） crosses the mind： 〃Is this； by ill luck； the Feldmarschall Keith？〃 No； reader； this is Lieutenant…Colonel Keith； he of Wesel； with 〃Effigy nailed to the Gallows〃 long since； whom none of us cares for。 Sulzer； I notice too； is of this long… eared Sanhedrim。 ACH； MEIN LIEBER SULZER； you don't know （do you； then？） DIESE VERDAMMTE RACE； to what heights and depths of stupid malice； and malignant length of ear； they are capable of going。 〃Thursday； 13th April；〃 this is Forger Konig's doom：and； what is observable； next morning； with a crash audible through Nature； the Powder…Magazine flew aloft； killing several persons！ ＇Supra； p。 203。＇ Had no hand； he； I hope； in that latter atrocity？
On authentic sight of this Sentence （for which Konig had at once； on hearing of it； applied to Formey； and which comes to him； without help of Formey； through the Public Newspapers） Konig； in a brief； proud enough； but perfectly quiet； mild and manful manner； resigns his Membership。 〃Ceases； from this day （June 18th； 1752）； to have the honor of belonging to your Academy； 'an honor I had been the prouder of； as it came to me unasked；'and will wish； you； from the outside henceforth； successful campaigns in the field of Science。〃 ＇ Maupertuisiana； No。 iv。 129。＇ And sets about preparing his Pamphlet to instruct mankind on the subject。 Maupertuis； it appears； did write； and made others write to Konig's Sovereign Lady； the Dowager Princess of Orange； 〃How extremely handsome it would be； could her Most Serene Highness； a friend to Pure Science； be pleased to induce Monsieur Konig not to continue this painful Controversy； but to sit quiet with what he had got。〃 ＇Voltaire （infra）。＇ Which her Most Serene Highness by no mean thought the suitable course。 Still less did Konig himself； whose APPEAL TO THE PUBLIC； with DEFENCE OF APPEAL；reasonably well done； as usual； and followed and accompanied by the multitude of Commentators；appeared in due course。 ＇〃September； 1752； Konig's APPEL〃 （Preuss； in OEuvres de Frederic； xv。 60 n。）。＇ Till； before long； the Public was thoroughly instructed； and nobody； hardly the signing Curators； or thin Euler himself； not to speak of Perpetual Formey； who had never been strong in the matter； could well believe in 〃forgery〃 or care to speak farther on such a subject。 Subject gone wholly to the Stygian Fens； long since； 〃forgery〃 not now imaginable by anybody！
The rumor of these things rose high and wide； and the quantity of publishing upon them； quasi…scientifically and otherwise； in the serious vein and the jocose； was greater than we should fancy。 ＇〃Letter from a Marquis；〃 〃Letter from Mr。 T… to M。 S…〃 （Mr。 T。 lives in London；〃JE TRAVERSE LE Queen's Square； ET JE RENCONTRE NOTRE AMI D…： 'AVEZ…VOUS LA l'Appel au Public？' DIT…IL〃）； 〃Letter by Euler in the Berlin Gazette；〃 &c。 &c。 （in Maupertuisiana ）。＇ Voltaire； for above a month past； had been fully aware of the case （24th July； 1752； writing to Niece； 〃heard yesterday〃）； not without commentary to oneself and others。 Voltaire； with a kind of love to Konig； and a very real hatred to Maupertuis and to oppression generally； took pen himself； among the others （Konig's APPEAL just out）；could not help doing it； though he had better not！ The following small Piece is perhaps the one； if there be one； still worth resuscitating from the Inane Kingdoms。 Appeared in the BIBLIOTHEQUE RAISONNEE （mild…shining Quarterly Review of those days）； JULY…SEPTEMBER Number。
〃ANSWER FROM ＇VERY PRIVATELY VOLTAIRE； CALLING HIMSELF＇ A BERLIN ACADEMICIAN TO A PARIS ONE。
〃BERLIN； 18th SEPTEMBER； 1752。 This is the exact truth； in reply to your inquiry。 M。 Moreau de Maupertuis in a Pamphlet entitled ESSAI DE COSMOLOGIE； pretended that the only proof of the Existence of God is the circumstance that AR＋nRB is a Minimum。 ＇ONLY proof： ^？？？？？？^ （p。212 Book XVI）
VOILA！＇ He asserts that in all possible cases； 'Action is a Minimum；' what has been demonstrated false； and he says； 'He discovered this Law of Minimum；' what is not less false。
〃M。 Konig； as well as other Mathematicians； wrote against this strange assertion； and； among other things； M。 Konig cited some sentences of a Letter by Leibnitz； in which that great man says； He has observed 'that； in the modifications of motion； the Action usually becomes either a Maximum or else
