letters to his son, 1749-第12章
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ne； which is the universal rule by which every man judges of another man's opinion。 But； whatever may have been the cause of your rheumatic disorder； the effects are still to be attended to； and as there must be a remaining acrimony in your blood； you ought to have regard to that； in your common diet as well as in your medicines； both which should be of a sweetening alkaline nature； and promotive of perspiration。 Rheumatic complaints are very apt to return； and those returns would be very vexatious and detrimental to you； at your age； and in your course of travels。 Your time is； now particularly； inestimable； and every hour of it； at present； worth more than a year will be to you twenty years hence。 You are now laying the foundation of your future character and fortune； and one single stone wanting in that foundation is of more consequence than fifty in the superstructure； which can always be mended and embellished if the foundation is solid。 To carry on the metaphor of building： I would wish you to be a Corinthian edifice upon a Tuscan foundation； the latter having the utmost strength and solidity to support； and the former all possible ornaments to decorate。 The Tuscan column is coarse； clumsy； and unpleasant； nobody looks at it twice； the Corinthian fluted column is beautiful and attractive； but without a solid foundation； can hardly be seen twice； because it must soon tumble down。 Yours affectionately。
LETTER LXXVII
LONDON； August 7； O。 S。 1749。
DEAR BOY： By Mr。 Harte's letter to me of the 18th July N。 S。； which I received by the last post； I am at length informed of the particulars both of your past distemper； and of your future motions。 As to the former； I am now convinced； and so is Dr。 Shaw； that your lungs were only symptomatically affected； and that the rheumatic tendency is what you are chiefly now to guard against； but （for greater security） with due attention still to your lungs； as if they had been； and still were； a little affected。 In either case； a cooling； pectoral regimen is equally good。 By cooling； I mean cooling in its consequences； not cold to the palate； for nothing is more dangerous than very cold liquors； at the very time that one longs for them the most； which is； when one is very hot。 Fruit； when full ripe； is very wholesome； but then it must be within certain bounds as to quantity； for I have known many of my countrymen die of bloody…fluxes； by indulging in too great a quantity of fruit； in those countries where； from the goodness and ripeness of it； they thought it could do them no harm。 'Ne quid nimis'； is a most excellent rule in everything； but commonly the least observed； by people of your age； in anything。
As to your future motions； I am very well pleased with them； and greatly prefer your intended stay at Verona to Venice； whose almost stagnating waters must； at this time of the year； corrupt the air。 Verona has a pure and clear air； and； as I am informed； a great deal of good company。 Marquis Maffei； alone； would be worth going there for。 You may； I think； very well leave Verona about the middle of September； when the great heats will be quite over； and then make the best of your way to Naples； where； I own； I want to have you by way of precaution （I hope it is rather over caution） in case of the last remains of a pulmonic disorder。 The amphitheatre at Verona is worth your attention； as are also many buildings there and at Vicenza； of the famous Andrea Palladio； whose taste and style of buildings were truly antique。 It would not be amiss； if you employed three or four days in learning the five orders of architecture； with their general proportions； and you may know all that you need know of them in that time。 Palladio's own book of architecture is the best you can make use of for that purpose； skipping over the mechanical part of it； such as the materials； the cement； etc。
Mr。 Harte tells me； that your acquaintance with the classics is renewed； the suspension of which has been so short； that I dare say it has produced no coldness。 I hope and believe； you are now so much master of them； that two hours every day； uninterruptedly； for a year or two more； will make you perfectly so； and I think you cannot now allot them a greater share than that of your time； considering the many other things you have to learn and to do。 You must know how to speak and write Italian perfectly； you must learn some logic； some geometry； and some astronomy； not to mention your exercises； where they are to be learned； and； above all； you must learn the world； which is not soon learned； and only to be learned by frequenting good and various companies。
Consider； therefore； how precious every moment of time is to you now。 The more you apply to your business； the more you will taste your pleasures。 The exercise of the mind in the morning whets the appetite for the pleasures of the evening； as much as the exercise of the body whets the appetite for dinner。 Business and pleasure； rightly understood； mutually assist each other； instead of being enemies； as silly or dull people often think them。 No man tastes pleasures truly； who does not earn them by previous business； and few people do business well； who do nothing else。 Remember that when I speak of pleasures； I always mean the elegant pleasures of a rational being； and； not the brutal ones of a swine。 I mean 'la bonne Chere'； short of gluttony； wine； infinitely short of drunkenness； play； without the least gaming； and gallantry without debauchery。 There is a line in all these things which men of sense； for greater security； take care to keep a good deal on the right side of； for sickness； pain； contempt and infamy； lie immediately on the other side of it。 Men of sense and merit； in all other respects； may have had some of these failings； but then those few examples； instead of inviting us to imitation； should only put us the more upon our guard against such weaknesses： and whoever thinks them fashionable； will not be so himself； I have often known a fashionable man have some one vice； but I never in my life knew a vicious man a fashionable man。 Vice is as degrading as it is criminal。 God bless you； my dear child！
LETTER LXXVIII
LONDON； August 20； O。 S。 1749。
DEAR BOY： Let us resume our reflections upon men； their characters； their manners； in a word； our reflections upon the world。 They may help you to form yourself； and to know others； a knowledge very useful at all ages； very rare at yours。 It seems as if it were nobody's business to communicate it to young men。 Their masters teach them； singly； the languages or the sciences of their several departments； and are indeed generally incapable of teaching them the world： their parents are often so too； or at least neglect doing it； either from avocations； indifference； or from an opinion that throwing them into the world （as they call it） is the best way of teaching it them。 This last notion is in a great degree true； that is； the world can doubtless never be well known by theory： practice is absolutely necessary； but surely it is of great use to a young man； before he sets out for that country full of mazes； windings； and turnings； to have at least a general map of it； made by some experienced traveler。
There is a certain dignity of manners absolutely necessary； to make even the most valuable character either respected or respectable。＇Meaning worthy of respect。＇
Horse…play； romping； frequent and loud fits of laughter； jokes； waggery； and indiscriminate familiarity； will sink both merit and knowledge into a degree of contempt。 They compose at most a merry fellow； and a merry fellow was never yet a respectable man。 Indiscriminate familiarity either offends your superiors； or else dubbs you their dependent and led captain。 It gives your inferiors just； but troublesome and improper claims of equality。 A joker is near akin to a buffoon； and neither of them is the least related to wit。 Whoever is admitted or sought for； in company； upon any other account than that of his merit and manners； is never respected there； but only made use of。 We will have such…a…one； for he sings prettily； we will invite such…a…one to a ball； for he dances well； we will have s
