itinerary of archibishop-第39章

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that　appellation；　the　first　at　Whitchurch；　the　second　at　Oswestry；　the　third　at　Alberbury。　　The　narrative　of　our　author　is　so　simple；　and　corresponds　so　well　with　the　topography　of　the　country　through　which　they　passed；　that　I　think　no　doubt　ought　to　be　entertained　about　the　course　of　their　route。　　From　Chester　they　directed　their　way　to　the　White　Monastery；　or　Whitchurch；　and　from　thence　towards　Oswestry；　where　they　slept；　and　were　entertained　by　William　Fitz…Alan；　after　the　English　mode　of　hospitality。

｛186｝　　By　the　Latin　context　it　would　appear　that　Reiner　was　bishop　of　Oswestree：　　〃Ab　episcopo　namque　loci　illius　Reinerio　multitudo　fuerat　ante　signata。〃　　Reiner　succeeded　Adam　in　the　bishopric　of　St。　Asaph　in　the　year　1186；　and　died　in　1220。　　He　had　a　residence　near　Oswestry；　at　which　place；　previous　to　the　arrival　of　Baldwin；　he　had　signed　many　of　the　people　with　the　cross。

｛187｝　　In　the　time　of　William　the　Conqueror；　Alan；　the　son　of　Flathald；　or　Flaald；　obtained；　by　the　gift　of　that　king；　the　castle　of　Oswaldestre；　with　the　territory　adjoining；　which　belonged　to　Meredith　ap　Blethyn；　a　Briton。　　This　Alan；　having　married　the　daughter　and　heir　to　Warine；　sheriff　of　Shropshire；　had　in　her　right　the　barony　of　the　same　Warine。　　To　him　succeeded　William；　his　son　and　heir。　　He　married　Isabel　de　Say；　daughter　and　heir　to　Helias　de　Say；　niece　to　Robert　earl　of　Gloucester；　lady　of　Clun；　and　left　issue　by　her；　William；　his　son　and　successor；　who；　in　the　19th　Henry　II。；　or　before；　departed　this　life；　leaving　William　Fitz…Alan　his　son　and　heir；　who　is　mentioned　in　the　text。

｛188｝　　Robert　de　Belesme；　earl　of　Shrewsbury；　was　son　of　Roger　de　Montgomery；　who　led　the　centre　division　of　the　army　in　that　memorable　battle　which　secured　to　William　the　conquest　of　England；　and　for　his　services　was　advanced　to　the　earldoms　of　Arundel　and　Shrewsbury。

｛189｝　　This　expedition　into　Wales　took　place　A。D。　1165；　and　has　been　already　spoken　of。

｛190｝　　The　princes　mentioned　by　Giraldus　as　most　distinguished　in　North　and　South　Wales；　and　most　celebrated　in　his　time；　were；　1。　Owen；　son　of　Gruffydd；　in　North　Wales；　2。　Meredyth；　son　of　Gruffydd；　in　South　Wales；　3。　Owen　de　Cyfeilioc；　in　Powys；　4。　Cadwalader；　son　of　Gruffydd；　in　North　Wales；　5。　Gruffydd　of　Maelor　in　Powys；　6。　Rhys；　son　of　Gruffydd；　in　South　Wales；　7。　David；　son　of　Owen；　in　North　Wales；　8。　Howel；　son　of　Iorwerth；　in　South　Wales。

1。　　Owen　Gwynedd；　son　of　Gruffydd　ap　Conan；　died　in　1169；　having　governed　his　country　well　and　worthily　for　the　space　of　thirty…two　years。　　He　was　fortunate　and　victorious　in　all　his　affairs；　and　never　took　any　enterprise　in　hand　but　he　achieved　it。　　2。　Meredyth　ap　Gruffydd　ap　Rhys；　lord　of　Caerdigan　and　Stratywy；　died　in　1153；　at　the　early　age　of　twenty…five；　a　worthy　knight；　fortunate　in　battle；　just　and　liberal　to　all　men。　　3。　Owen　Cyfeilioc　was　the　son　of　Gruffydd　Meredyth　ap　Meredyth　ap　Blethyn；　who　was　created　lord　of　Powys　by　Henry　I。；　and　died　about　the　year　1197；　leaving　his　principality　to　his　son　Gwenwynwyn；　from　whom　that　part　of　Powys　was　called　Powys　Gwenwynwyn；　to　distinguish　it　from　Powys　Vadoc；　the　possession　of　the　lords　of　Bromfield。　　The　poems　ascribed　to　him　possess　great　spirit；　and　prove　that　he　was；　as　Giraldus　terms　him；　〃linguae　dicacis；〃　in　its　best　sense。　　4。　Cadwalader；　son　of　Gruffydd　ap　Conan；　prince　of　North　Wales；　died　in　1175。　　Gruffydd　of　Maelor　was　son　of　Madoc　ap　Meredyth　ap　Blethyn；　prince　of　Powys；　who　died　at　Winchester　in　1160。　　〃This　man　was　ever　the　king　of　England's　friend；　and　was　one　that　feared　God；　and　relieved　the　poor：　　his　body　was　conveyed　honourably　to　Powys；　and　buried　at　Myvod。〃　　His　son　Gruffydd　succeeded　him　in　the　lordship　of　Bromfield；　and　died　about　the　year　1190。　　6。　Rhys　ap　Gruffydd；　or　the　lord　Rhys；　was　son　of　Gruffydd　ap　Rhys　ap　Tewdwr；　who　died　in　1137。　　The　ancient　writers　have　been　very　profuse　in　their　praises　of　this　celebrated　Prince。　　7。　David；　son　of　Owen　Gwynedd；　who；　on　the　death　if　his　father；　forcibly　seized　the　principality　of　North　Wales；　slaying　his　brother　Howel　in　battle；　and　setting　aside　the　claims　of　the　lawful　inheritor　of　the　throne；　Iorwerth　Trwyndwn；　whose　son；　Llewelyn　ap　Iorwerth；　in　1194；　recovered　his　inheritance。　8。　Howel；　son　of　Iorwerth　of　Caerleon；　appears　to　have　been　distinguished　chiefly　by　his　ferocity。

｛191｝　　Malpas　in　Cheshire。

｛192｝　　It　appears　that　a　small　college　of　prebendaries；　or　secular　canons；　resided　at　Bromfield　in　the　reign　of　king　Henry　I。；　Osbert；　the　prior；　being　recorded　as　a　witness　to　a　deed　made　before　the　year　1148。　　In　1155；　they　became　Benedictines；　and　surrendered　church　and　lands　to　the　abbey　of　St。　Peter's　at　Gloucester；　whereupon　a　prior　and　monks　were　placed　there；　and　continued　till　the　dissolution。　　An　ancient　gateway　and　some　remains　of　the　priory　still　testify　the　existence　of　this　religious　house；　the　local　situation　of　which；　near　the　confluence　of　the　rivers　Oney　and　Teme；　has　been　accurately　described　by　Leland。

｛193｝　　Baldwin　was　born　at　Exeter；　in　Devonshire；　of　a　low　family；　but　being　endowed　by　nature　with　good　abilities；　applied　them　to　an　early　cultivation　of　sacred　and　profane　literature。　　His　good　conduct　procured　him　the　friendship　of　Bartholomew　bishop　of　Exeter；　who　promoted　him　to　the　archdeaconry　of　that　see；　resigning　this　preferment；　he　assumed　the　cowl；　and　in　a　few　years　became　abbot　of　the　Cistercian　monastery　at　Ford。　　In　the　year　1180；　he　was　advanced　to　the　bishopric　of　Worcester；　and　in　1184；　translated　to　the　archiepiscopal　see　of　Canterbury。　　In　the　year　1188；　he　made　his　progress　through　Wales；　preaching　with　fervour　the　service　of　the　Cross；　to　which　holy　cause　he　fell　a　sacrifice　in　the　year　1190；　having　religiously；　honourably；　and　charitably　ended　his　days　in　the　Holy　Land。

｛194｝　　Giraldus　here　alludes　to　the　dignity　of　archdeacon；　which　Baldwin　had　obtained　in　the　church　of　Exeter。





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