itinerary of archibishop-第34章

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｛80｝　　Robert　Fitz…Hamon；　earl　of　Astremeville；　in　Normandy；　came　into　England　with　William　the　Conqueror；　and；　by　the　gift　of　William　Rufus；　obtained　the　honour　of　Gloucester。　　He　was　wounded　with　a　spear　at　the　siege　of　Falaise；　in　Normandy；　died　soon　afterwards；　and　was　buried；　A。D。　1102；　in　the　abbey　of　Tewkesbury；　which　he　had　founded。　　Leaving　no　male　issue；　king　Henry　gave　his　eldest　daughter；　Mabel；　or　Maude；　who；　in　her　own　right；　had　the　whole　honour　of　Gloucester；　to　his　illegitimate　son　Robert；　who　was　advanced　to　the　earldom　of　Gloucester　by　the　king；　his　father。　　He　died　A。D。　1147；　and　left　four　sons：　　William；　the　personage　here　mentioned　by　Giraldus；　who　succeeded　him　in　his　titles　and　honours；　Roger；　bishop　of　Worcester；　who　died　at　Tours　in　France；　A。D。　1179；　Hamon；　who　died　at　the　siege　of　Toulouse；　A。D。　1159；　and　Philip。

｛81｝　　The　Coychurch　Manuscript　quoted　by　Mr。　Williams；　in　his　History　of　Monmouthshire；　asserts　that　Morgan；　surnamed　Mwyn…fawr；　or　the　Gentle；　the　son　of　Athrwy；　not　having　been　elected　to　the　chief　command　of　the　British　armies；　upon　his　father's　death　retired　from　Caerleon；　and　took　up　his　residence　in　Glamorganshire；　sometimes　at　Radyr；　near　Cardiff；　and　at　other　times　at　Margam；　and　from　this　event　the　district　derived　its　name；　quasi　Gwlad…Morgan；　the　country　of　Morgan。

｛82｝　　St。　Piranus；　otherwise　called　St。　Kiaran；　or　Piran；　was　an　Irish　saint；　said　to　have　been　born　in　the　county　of　Ossory；　or　of　Cork；　about　the　middle　of　the　fourth　century；　and　after　that　by　his　labours　the　Gospel　had　made　good　progress；　he　forsook　all　worldly　things；　and　spent　the　remainder　of　his　life　in　religious　solitude。　The　place　of　his　retirement　was　on　the　sea…coast　of　Cornwall；　and　not　far　from　Padstow；　where；　as　Camden　informs　us；　there　was　a　chapel　on　the　sands　erected　to　his　memory。　　Leland　has　informed　us；　that　the　chapel　of　St。　Perine；　at　Caerdiff；　stood　in　Shoemaker　Street。

｛83｝　　So　called　from　a　parish　of　that　name　in　Glamorganshire；　situated　between　Monk　Nash　and　St。　Donat's；　upon　the　Bristol　Channel。

｛84｝　　Barri　Island　is　situated　on　the　coast　of　Glamorganshire；　and；　according　to　Cressy；　took　its　name　from　St。　Baruc；　the　hermit；　who　resided；　and　was　buried　there。　　The　Barrys　in　Ireland；　as　well　as　the　family　of　Giraldus；　who　were　lords　of　it；　are　said　to　have　derived　their　names　from　this　island。　　Leland；　in　speaking　of　this　island；　says；　〃The　passage　into　Barrey　isle　at　ful　se　is　a　flite　shot　over；　as　much　as　the　Tamise　is　above　the　bridge。　　At　low　water；　there　is　a　broken　causey　to　go　over；　or　els　over　the　shalow　streamelet　of　Barrey…brook　on　the　sands。　　The　isle　is　about　a　mile　in　cumpace；　and　hath　very　good　corne；　grasse；　and　sum　wood；　the　ferme　of　it　worth　a　10　pounds　a　yere。　　There　ys　no　dwelling　in　the　isle；　but　there　is　in　the　middle　of　it　a　fair　little　chapel　of　St。　Barrok；　where　much　pilgrimage　was　usid。〃　　＇The　〃fair　little　chapel〃　has　disappeared；　and　〃Barry　Island〃　is　now；　since　the　construction　of　the　great　dock；　connected　with　the　mainland；　it　is　covered　with　houses；　and　its　estimated　capital　value　is　now　250；000　pounds＇。

｛85｝　　William　de　Salso　Marisco。

｛86｝　　The　see　of　Llandaff　is　said　to　have　been　founded　by　the　British　king　Lucius　as　early　as　the　year　180。

｛87｝　　From　Llandaff；　our　crusaders　proceeded　towards　the　Cistercian　monastery　of　Margam；　passing　on　their　journey　near　the　little　cell　of　Benedictines　at　Ewenith；　or　Ewenny。　　This　religious　house　was　founded　by　Maurice　de　Londres　towards　the　middle　of　the　twelfth　century。　　It　is　situated　in　a　marshy　plain　near　the　banks　of　the　little　river　Ewenny。

｛88｝　　The　Cistercian　monastery　of　Margam；　justly　celebrated　for　the　extensive　charities　which　its　members　exercised；　was　founded　A。D。　1147；　by　Robert　earl　of　Gloucester；　who　died　in　the　same　year。　　Of　this　once…famed　sanctuary　nothing　now　remains　but　the　shell　of　its　chapter…house；　which；　by　neglect；　has　lost　its　most　ornamental　parts。　　When　Mr。　Wyndham　made　the　tour　of　Wales　in　the　year　1777；　this　elegant　building　was　entire；　and　was　accurately　drawn　and　engraved　by　his　orders。

｛89｝　　In　continuing　their　journey　from　Neath　to　Swansea；　our　travellers　directed　their　course　by　the　sea…coast　to　the　river　Avon；　which　they　forded；　and；　continuing　their　road　along　the　sands；　were　probably　ferried　over　the　river　Neath；　at　a　place　now　known　by　the　name　of　Breton　Ferry；　leaving　the　monastery　of　Neath　at　some　distance　to　the　right：　　from　thence　traversing　another　tract　of　sands；　and　crossing　the　river　Tawe；　they　arrived　at　the　castle　of　Swansea；　where　they　passed　the　night。

｛90｝　　The　monastery　of　Neath　was　situated　on　the　banks　of　a　river　bearing　the　same　name；　about　a　mile　to　the　westward　of　the　town　and　castle。　　It　was　founded　in　1112；　by　Richard　de　Grainville；　or　Greenefeld；　and　Constance；　his　wife；　for　the　safety　of　the　souls　of　Robert；　earl　of　Gloucester；　Maude；　his　wife；　and　William；　his　son。　Richard　de　Grainville　was　one　of　the　twelve　Norman　knights　who　accompanied　Robert　Fitz…Hamon；　and　assisted　him　in　the　conquest　of　Glamorganshire。　　In　the　time　of　Leland　this　abbey　was　in　a　high　state　of　preservation；　for　he　says；　〃Neth　abbay　of　white　monkes；　a　mile　above　Neth　town；　standing　in　the　ripe　of　Neth；　semid　to　me　the　fairest　abbay　of　al　Wales。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。　tom。　v。　p。　14。　　The　remains　of　the　abbey　and　of　the　adjoining　priory…house　are　considerable；　but　this　ancient　retirement　of　the　grey　and　white　monks　is　now　occupied　by　the　inhabitants　of　the　neighbouring　copper…　works。

｛91｝　　Gower；　the　western　district　of　Glamorganshire；　appears　to　have　been　first　conquered　by　Henry　de　Newburg；　earl　of　Warwick；　soon　after　Robert；　duke　of　Gloucester；　had　made　the　conquest　of　the　other　part　of　Glamorganshire。

｛92｝　　Sweynsei；　Swansea；　or　Abertawe；　situated　at　the　confluence　of　the　river　Tawe　with　the　Severn　sea；　is　a　town　of　considerable　commerce；　and　much　frequented　during　the　summer　months　as　a　bathing…　place。　　The　old　castle；　now　made　use　of　as　a　prison；　is　so　surrounded　by　houses　in　the　middle　of　the　town；　that　a　stranger　might　visit　Swansea　without　knowing　that　such　a　building　existed。　The　Welsh　Chronicle　informs　us；　that　it　was　built　by　Henry　de　Beaumont；　earl　of　Warwick；　and　that　in　the　year　1113　it　was　attacked　by　Gruffydd　ap　Rhys；　but　without　success。　　This　castle　became　afterwards　a　part　of　the　possessions　of　the　see　of　St。　David's；　and　was　rebuilt　by　bishop　Gower。　　＇The　old　castle　is　no　longer　used　as　a　prison；　but　as　the　office　of　the　〃Cambria　Daily　Leader。〃　　It　is　significant　that　Swansea　is　still　known　to　Welshmen；　as　in　the　days　of　Giraldus；　as　〃Abertawe。〃＇

｛93｝　　Lochor；　or　Llwchwr；　was　the　Leucarum　mentioned　in　the　Itineraries；　and　the　fifth　Roman　station　on　the　Via　Julia。　　This　small　village　is　situated　on　a　tide…river　bearing　the　same　name；　which　divides　the　counties　of　Glamorgan　and　Caermarthen；　and　over　which　there　is　a　ferry。　　〃Lochor　river　partith　Kidwelli　from　West　Gowerlande。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。　tom。　v。　p。　23。　　＇The　ferry　is　no　more。　The　river　is　crossed　by　a　fine　railway　bridge。＇

｛94｝　　Wendraeth；　or　Gwen…draeth；　from　gwen；　white；　and　traeth；　the　sandy　beach　of　the　sea。　　There　are　two　rivers　of　this　name；　Gwendraeth　fawr；　and　Gwendraeth　fychan；　the　great　and　the　little　Gwendraeth；　of　which　Leland　thus　speaks：　　〃Vendraeth　Vawr　and　Vendraith　Vehan　risith　both　in　Eskenning　commote：　　the　lesse　an　eight　milys　of　from　Kydwelli；　the　other　about　a　ten；　and　hath　but　a　little　nesche　of　sand　betwixt　the　places　wher　thei　go　into　the　se；　about　a　mile　beneth　the　towne　of　Kidwely。〃

｛95｝　　Cydweli　was　probably　so　called　from　cyd；　a　junction；　and　wyl；　a　flow；　or　gushing　out；　being　situated　near　the　junction　of　the　rivers　Gwendraeth　fawr　and　fychan；　but　Leland　gives　its　name　a　very　singular　derivation；　and　worthy　of　our　credulous　and　superstitious　author　Giraldus。　　〃Kidwely；　otherwise　Cathweli；　i。e。　Catti　lectus；　quia　Cattus　olim　solebat　ibi　lectum　in　quercu　facere：　　…　There　is　a　little　towne　now　but　newly　made　betwene　Vendraith　Vawr　and　Vendraith　Vehan。　　Vendraith　Vawr　is　half　a　mile　of。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。　tom。　v。　p。　22。

｛96｝　　The　scene　of　the　battle　fought　between　Gwenllian　and　Maurice　de　Londres　is　to　this　day　called　Maes　Gwenllian；　the　plain　or　field　of　Gwenlli