itinerary of archibishop-第33章

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ecessarie　and　fit　husbands　for　them；　I　will　do　it　with　effect；　and　seeks　no　more　delaies。　　I　therefore　bequeath　my　pride　to　the　high…minded　Templars　and　Hospitallers；　which　are　as　proud　as　Lucifer　himselfe；　my　covetousness　I　give　unto　the　White　Monks；　otherwise　called　of　the　Cisteaux　order；　for　they　covet　the　divell　and　all；　my　lecherie　I　commit　to　the　prelats　of　the　church；　who　have　most　pleasure　and　felicitie　therein。'〃

｛64｝　　This　small　residence　of　the　archdeacon　was　at　Landeu；　a　place　which　has　been　described　before：　　the　author　takes　this　opportunity　of　hinting　at　his　love　of　literature；　religion；　and　mediocrity。

｛65｝　　The　last　chapter　having　been　wholly　digressive；　we　must　now　recur　back　to　Brecknock；　or　rather；　perhaps；　to　our　author's　residence　at　Landeu；　where　we　left　him；　and　from　thence　accompany　him　to　Abergavenny。　　It　appears　that　from　Landeu　he　took　the　road　to　Talgarth；　a　small　village　a　little　to　the　south　east　of　the　road　leading　from　Brecknock　to　Hay；　from　whence；　climbing　up　a　steep　ascent；　now　called　Rhiw　Cwnstabl；　or　the　Constable's　ascent；　he　crossed　the　black　mountains　of　Llaneliew　to　the　source　of　the　Gronwy…fawr　river；　which　rises　in　that　eminence；　and　pursues　its　rapid　course　into　the　Vale　of　Usk。　　From　thence　a　rugged　and　uneven　track　descends　suddenly　into　a　narrow　glen；　formed　by　the　torrent　of　the　Gronwy；　between　steep；　impending　mountains；　bleak　and　barren　for　the　first　four　or　five　miles；　but　afterwards　wooded　to　the　very　margin　of　the　stream。　　A　high　ledge　of　grassy　hills　on　the　left　hand；　of　which　the　principal　is　called　the　Bal；　or　Y　Fal；　divides　this　formidable　pass　（the　〃Malus　passus〃　of　Giraldus）　from　the　vale　of　Ewyas；　in　which　stands　the　noble　monastery　of　Llanthoni；　〃montibus　suis　inclusum；〃　encircled　by　its　mountains。　　The　road　at　length　emerging　from　this　deep　recess　of　Coed　Grono；　or　Cwm　Gronwy；　the　vale　of　the　river　Gronwy；　crosses　the　river　at　a　place　called　Pont　Escob；　or　the　Bishop's　bridge；　probably　so　called　from　this　very　circumstance　of　its　having　been　now　passed　by　the　archbishop　and　his　suite；　and　is　continued　through　the　forest　of　Moel；　till　it　joins　the　Hereford　road；　about　two　miles　from　Abergavenny。　　This　formidable　defile　is　at　least　nine　miles　in　length。

｛66｝　　In　the　vale　of　the　Gronwy；　about　a　mile　above　Pont　Escob；　there　is　a　wood　called　Coed　Dial；　or　the　Wood　of　Revenge。　　Here　again；　by　the　modern　name　of　the　place；　we　are　enabled　to　fix　the　very　spot　on　which　Richard　de　Clare　was　murdered。　　The　Welsh　Chronicle　informs　us；　that　〃in　1135；　Morgan　ap　Owen；　a　man　of　considerable　quality　and　estate　in　Wales；　remembering　the　wrong　and　injury　he　had　received　at　the　hands　of　Richard　Fitz…Gilbert；　slew　him；　together　with　his　son　Gilbert。〃　　The　first　of　this　great　family；　Richard　de　Clare；　was　the　eldest　son　of　Gislebert；　surnamed　Crispin；　earl　of　Brion；　in　Normandy。　　This　Richard　Fitz…Gilbert　came　into　England　with　William　the　Conqueror；　and　received　from　him　great　advancement　in　honour　and　possessions。　　On　the　death　of　the　Conqueror；　favouring　the　cause　of　Robert　Curthose；　he　rebelled　against　William　Rufus；　but　when　that　king　appeared　in　arms　before　his　castle　at　Tunbridge；　he　submitted；　after　which；　adhering　to　Rufus　against　Robert；　in　1091；　he　was　taken　prisoner；　and　shortly　after　the　death　of　king　Henry　I。；　was　assassinated；　on　his　journey　through　Wales；　in　the　manner　already　related。

｛67｝　　Hamelin；　son　of　Dru　de　Baladun；　who　came　into　England　with　William　the　Conqueror；　was　the　first　lord　of　Over…Went；　and　built　a　castle　at　Abergavenny；　on　the　same　spot　where；　according　to　ancient　tradition；　a　giant　called　Agros　had　erected　a　fortress。　　He　died　in　the　reign　of　William　Rufus；　and　was　buried　in　the　priory　which　he　had　founded　at　Abergavenny；　having　no　issue；　he　gave　the　aforesaid　castle　and　lands　to　Brian　de　Insula；　or　Brian　de　Wallingford；　his　nephew；　by　his　sister　Lucia。　　The　enormous　excesses　mentioned　by　Giraldus；　as　having　been　perpetrated　in　this　part　of　Wales　during　his　time；　seem　to　allude　to　a　transaction　that　took　place　in　the　castle　of　Abergavenny；　in　the　year　1176；　which　is　thus　related　by　two　historians；　Matthew　Paris　and　Hollinshed。　　〃A。D。　1176；　The　same　yeare；　William　de　Breause　having　got　a　great　number　of　Welshmen　into　the　castle　of　Abergavennie；　under　a　colourable　pretext　of　communication；　proposed　this　ordinance　to　be　received　of　them　with　a　corporall　oth；　'That　no　traveller　by　the　waie　amongst　them　should　beare　any　bow；　or　other　unlawful　weapon；'　which　oth；　when　they　refused　to　take；　because　they　would　not　stand　to　that　ordinance；　he　condemned　them　all　to　death。　　This　deceit　he　used　towards　them；　in　revenge　of　the　death　of　his　uncle　Henrie　of　Hereford；　whom　upon　Easter…even　before　they　had　through　treason　murthered；　and　were　now　acquited　was　the　like　againe。〃　…　Hollinshed；　tom。　ii。　p。　95。

｛68｝　　Landinegat；　or　the　church　of　St。　Dingad；　is　now　better　known　by　the　name　of　Dingatstow；　or　Dynastow；　a　village　near　Monmouth。

｛69｝　　＇For　the　end　of　William　de　Braose；　see　footnote　34。＇

｛70｝　　Leland　divides　this　district　into　Low；　Middle；　and　High　Venteland；　extending　from　Chepstow　to　Newport　on　one　side；　and　to　Abergavenny　on　the　other；　the　latter　of　which；　he　says；　〃maketh　the　cumpace　of　Hye　Venteland。〃　　He　adds；　〃The　soyle　of　al　Venteland　is　of　a　darke　reddische　yerth　ful　of　slaty　stones；　and　other　greater　of　the　same　color。　　The　countrey　is　also　sumwhat　montayneus；　and　welle　replenishid　with　woodes；　also　very　fertyle　of　corne；　but　men　there　study　more　to　pastures；　the　which　be　well　inclosed。〃　…　Leland；　Itin。　tom。　v。　p。　6。　　Ancient　Gwentland　is　now　comprised　within　the　county　of　Monmouth。

｛71｝　　William　de　Salso　Marisco；　who　succeeded　to　the　bishopric　of　Llandaff；　A。D。　1185；　and　presided　over　that　see　during　the　time　of　Baldwin's　visitation；　in　1188。

｛72｝　　Alexander　was　the　fourth　archdeacon　of　the　see　of　Bangor。

｛73｝　　Once　at　Usk；　then　at　Caerleon；　and　afterwards　on　entering　the　town　of　Newport。

｛74｝　　Gouldcliffe；　or　Goldcliff；　is　situated　a　few　miles　S。E。　of　Newport；　on　the　banks　of　the　Severn。　　In　the　year　1113；　Robert　de　Candos　founded　and　endowed　the　church　of　Goldclive；　and；　by　the　advice　of　king　Henry　I。；　gave　it　to　the　abbey　of　Bec；　in　Normandy；　its　religious　establishment　consisted　of　a　prior　and　twelve　monks　of　the　order　of　St。　Benedict。

｛75｝　　＇Geoffrey　of　Monmouth。＇

｛76｝　　The　Cistercian　abbey　here　alluded　to　was　known　by　the　several　names　of　Ystrat　Marchel；　Strata　Marcella；　Alba　domus　de　Stratmargel；　Vallis　Crucis；　or　Pola；　and　was　situated　between　Guilsfield　and　Welshpool；　in　Montgomeryshire。　　Authors　differ　in　opinion　about　its　original　founder。　　Leland　attributes　it　to　Owen　Cyveilioc；　prince　of　Powys；　and　Dugdale　to　Madoc；　the　son　of　Gruffydh；　giving　for　his　authority　the　original　grants　and　endowments　of　this　abbey。　According　to　Tanner；　about　the　beginning　of　the　reign　of　king　Edward　III。；　the　Welsh　monks　were　removed　from　hence　into　English　abbeys；　and　English　monks　were　placed　here；　and　the　abbey　was　made　subject　to　the　visitation　of　the　abbot　and　convent　of　Buildwas；　in　Shropshire。

｛77｝　　Cardiff；　i。e。；　the　fortress　on　the　river　Taf。

｛78｝　　Gwentluc　…　so　called　from　Gwent；　the　name　of　the　province；　and　llug；　open；　to　distinguish　it　from　the　upper　parts　of　Wentland；　is　an　extensive　tract　of　flat；　marshy　ground；　reaching　from　Newport　to　the　shores　of　the　river　Severn。

｛79｝　　Nant　Pencarn；　or　the　brook　of　Pencarn。　…　After　a　very　attentive　examination　of　the　country　round　Newport；　by　natives　of　that　place；　and　from　the　information　I　have　received　on　the　subject；　I　am　inclined　to　think　that　the　river　here　alluded　to　was　the　Ebwy；　which　flows　about　a　mile　and　a　half　south　of　Newport。　　Before　the　new　turnpike　road　and　bridge　were　made　across　Tredegar　Park；　the　old　road　led　to　a　ford　lower　down　the　river；　and　may　still　be　travelled　as　far　as　Cardiff；　and　was　probably　the　ford　mentioned　in　the　text；　as　three　old　farm…houses　in　its　neighbourhood　still　retain　the　names　of　Great　Pencarn；　Little　Pencarn；　and　Middle　Pencarn。

｛80｝　　Robert　Fitz…Hamon；　earl　of　Astremeville；　in　Normandy；　came　into　England　with　William　the　Conqueror；　and；　by　the　gift　of　William　Rufus；　obtained　the　honour　of　Gloucester。　　He　was　wounded　wit