itinerary of archibishop-第21章
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From Haverford we proceeded on our journey to Menevia； distant from thence about twelve miles； and passed through Camros； ｛118｝ where； in the reign of king Stephen； the relations and friends of a distinguished young man； Giraldus； son of William； revenged his death by a too severe retaliation on the men of Ros。 We then passed over Niwegal sands； at which place （during the winter that king Henry II。 spent in Ireland）； as well as in almost all the other western ports； a very remarkable circumstance occurred。 The sandy shores of South Wales； being laid bare by the extraordinary violence of a storm； the surface of the earth； which had been covered for many ages； re…appeared； and discovered the trunks of trees cut off； standing in the very sea itself； the strokes of the hatchet appearing as if made only yesterday。 ｛119｝ The soil was very black； and the wood like ebony。 By a wonderful revolution； the road for ships became impassable； and looked； not like a shore； but like a grove cut down； perhaps； at the time of the deluge； or not long after； but certainly in very remote ages； being by degrees consumed and swallowed up by the violence and encroachments of the sea。 During the same tempest many sea fish were driven； by the violence of the wind and waves； upon dry land。 We were well lodged at St。 David's by Peter； bishop of the see； a liberal man； who had hitherto accompanied us during the whole of our journey。
BOOK II
PREFACE
Since； therefore； St。 David's is the head； and in times past was the metropolitan； city of Wales； though now； alas！ retaining more of the NAME than of the OMEN； ｛120｝ yet I have not forborne to weep over the obsequies of our ancient and undoubted mother； to follow the mournful hearse； and to deplore with tearful sighs the ashes of our half…buried matron。 I shall； therefore； endeavour briefly to declare to you in what manner； from whence； and from what period the pall was first brought to St。 David's； and how it was taken away； how many prelates were invested with the pall； and how many were despoiled thereof； together with their respective names to this present day。
CHAPTER I
Of the see of Saint David's
We are informed by the British histories； that Dubricius； archbishop of Caerleon； sensible of the infirmities of age； or rather being desirous of leading a life of contemplation； resigned his honours to David； who is said to have been uncle to king Arthur； and by his interest the see was translated to Menevia； although Caerleon； as we have observed in the first book； was much better adapted for the episcopal see。 For Menevia is situated in a most remote corner of land upon the Irish ocean； the soil stony and barren； neither clothed with woods； distinguished by rivers； nor adorned by meadows； ever exposed to the winds and tempests； and continually subject to the hostile attacks of the Flemings on one side； and of the Welsh on the other。 For the holy men who settled here； chose purposely such a retired habitation； that by avoiding the noise of the world； and preferring an heremitical to a pastoral life； they might more freely provide for 〃that part which shall not be taken away；〃 for David was remarkable for his sanctity and religion； as the history of his life will testify。 Amongst the many miracles recorded of him； three appear to me the most worthy of admiration： his origin and conception； his pre…election thirty years before his birth； and what exceeds all； the sudden rising of the ground； at Brevy； under his feet while preaching； to the great astonishment of all the beholders。
Since the time of David； twenty…five archbishops presided over the see of Menevia； whose names are here subjoined： David； Cenauc； Eliud； who was also called Teilaus； Ceneu； Morwal； Haerunen； Elwaed； Gurnuen； Lendivord； Gorwysc； Cogan； Cledauc； Anian； Euloed； Ethelmen； Elauc； Malscoed； Sadermen； Catellus； Sulhaithnai； Nonis； Etwal； Asser； Arthuael； Sampson。 In the time of Sampson； the pall was translated from Menevia in the following manner： a disorder called the yellow plague； and by the physicians the icteric passion； of which the people died in great numbers； raged throughout Wales； at the time when Sampson held the archiepiscopal see。 Though a holy man； and fearless of death； he was prevailed upon； by the earnest intreaties of his people； to go on board a vessel； which was wafted； by a south wind； to Britannia Armorica； ｛121｝ where he and his attendants were safely landed。 The see of Dol being at that time vacant； he was immediately elected bishop。 Hence it came to pass； that on account of the pall which Sampson had brought thither with him； the succeeding bishops； even to our times； always retained it。 But during the presidency of the archbishop of Tours； this adventitious dignity ceased； yet our countrymen； through indolence or poverty； or rather owing to the arrival of the English into the island； and the frequent hostilities committed against them by the Saxons； lost their archiepiscopal honours。 But until the entire subjugation of Wales by king Henry I。； the Welsh bishops were always consecrated by the bishop of St。 David's； and he was consecrated by his suffragans； without any profession or submission being made to any other church。
From the time of Sampson to that of king Henry I。； nineteen bishops presided over this see： Ruelin； Rodherch； Elguin； Lunuerd； Nergu； Sulhidir； Eneuris； Morgeneu； who was the first bishop of St。 David's who ate flesh； and was there killed by pirates； and he appeared to a certain bishop in Ireland on the night of his death； shewing his wounds； and saying； 〃Because I ate flesh； I am become flesh。〃 Nathan； Ievan （who was bishop only one night）； Argustel； Morgenueth； Ervin； Tramerin； Joseph； Bleithud； Sulghein； Abraham； Wilfred。 Since the subjugation of Wales to the present time； three only have held the see： in the reign of king Henry I。； Bernard； in the reign of king Stephen； David II。； and in the reign of king Henry II。； Peter； a monk of the order of Cluny； who all； by the king's mandate； were consecrated at Canterbury； as also Geoffrey； prior and canon of Lanthoni； who succeeded them in the reign of king John； and was preferred to this see by the interest of Hubert； archbishop of Canterbury； and afterwards consecrated by him。 We do not hear that either before or after that subjugation； any archbishop of Canterbury ever entered the borders of Wales； except Baldwin； a monk of the Cistercian order； abbot of Ford； and afterwards bishop of Worcester； who traversed that rough； inaccessible； and remote country with a laudable devotion for the service of the cross； and as a token of investiture； celebrated mass in all the cathedral churches。 So that till lately the see of St。 David's owed no subjection to that of Canterbury； as may be seen in the English History of Bede； who says that 〃Augustine； bishop of the Angles； after the conversion of king Ethelfred and the English people； called together the bishops of Wales on the confines of the West Saxons； as legate of the apostolic see。 When the seven bishops ｛122｝ appeared； Augustine； sitting in his chair； with Roman pride； did not rise up at their entrance。 Observing his haughtiness （after the example of a holy anchorite of their nation）； they immediately returned； and treated him and his statutes with contempt； publicly proclaiming that they would not acknowledge him for their archbishop； alleging； that if he now refused to rise up to us； how much more will he hold us in contempt； if we submit to be subject to him？〃 That there were at that time seven bishops in Wales； and now only four； may be thus accounted for； because perhaps there were formerly more cathedral churches in Wales than there are at present； or the extent of Wales might have been greater。 Amongst so many bishops thus deprived of their dignity； Bernard； the first French ＇i。e。 Norman＇ bishop of St。 David's； alone defended the rights of his church in a public manner； and after many expensive and vexatious appeals to the court of Rome； would not have reclaimed them in vain； if false witnesses had not publicly appeared at the council of Rheims； before pope Eugenius； and testified that he had made profession and submission to the
