glaucus-第5章
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the Mausenthurm … a lurid Acheron above which seemed to hover ten
thousand unburied ghosts; and last; but not least; on the lip of
the vast Mosel…kopf crater … just above the point where the weight
of the fiery lake has burst the side of the great slag…cup; and
rushed forth between two cliffs of clink…stone across the downs; in
a clanging stream of fire; damming up rivulets; and blasting its
path through forests; far away toward the valley of the Moselle …
the sight of an object for which was forgotten for the moment that
battle…field of the Titans at our feet; and the glorious panorama;
Hundsruck and Taunus; Siebengebirge and Ardennes; and all the
crater peaks around; and which was … smile not; reader … our first
yellow foxglove。
But what is even this to the delight of finding a new species? … of
rescuing (as it seems to you) one more thought of the Divine mind
from Hela; and the realms of the unknown; unclassified;
uncomprehended? As it seems to you: though in reality it only
seems so; in a world wherein not a sparrow falls to the ground
unnoticed by our Father who is in heaven。
The truth is; the pleasure of finding new species is too great; it
is morally dangerous; for it brings with it the temptation to look
on the thing found as your own possession; all but your own
creation; to pride yourself on it; as if God had not known it for
ages since; even to squabble jealously for the right of having it
named after you; and of being recorded in the Transactions of I…
know…not…what Society as its first discoverer:… as if all the
angels in heaven had not been admiring it; long before you were
born or thought of。
But to be forewarned is to be forearmed; and I seriously counsel
you to try if you cannot find something new this summer along the
coast to which you are going。 There is no reason why you should
not be so successful as a friend of mine who; with a very slight
smattering of science; and very desultory research; obtained in one
winter from the Torbay shores three entirely new species; beside
several rare animals which had escaped all naturalists since the
lynx…eye of Colonel Montagu discerned them forty years ago。
And do not despise the creatures because they are minute。 No doubt
we should most of us prefer discovering monstrous apes in the
tropical forests of Borneo; or stumbling upon herds of gigantic
Ammon sheep amid the rhododendron thickets of the Himalaya: but it
cannot be; and 〃he is a fool;〃 says old Hesiod; 〃who knows not how
much better half is than the whole。〃 Let us be content with what
is within our reach。 And doubt not that in these tiny creatures
are mysteries more than we shall ever fathom。
The zoophytes and microscopic animalcules which people every shore
and every drop of water; have been now raised to a rank in the
human mind more important; perhaps; than even those gigantic
monsters whose models fill the lake at the Crystal Palace。 The
research which has been bestowed; for the last century; upon these
once unnoticed atomies has well repaid itself; for from no branch
of physical science has more been learnt of the SCIENTIA
SCIENTIARUM; the priceless art of learning; no branch of science
has more utterly confounded a wisdom of the wise; shattered to
pieces systems and theories; and the idolatry of arbitrary names;
and taught man to be silent while his Maker speaks; than this
apparent pedantry of zoophytology; in which our old distinctions of
〃animal;〃 〃vegetable;〃 and 〃mineral〃 are trembling in the balance;
seemingly ready to vanish like their fellows … 〃the four elements〃
of fire; earth; air; and water。 No branch of science has helped so
much to sweep away that sensuous idolatry of mere size; which
tempts man to admire and respect objects in proportion to the
number of feet or inches which they occupy in space。 No branch of
science; moreover; has been more humbling to the boasted rapidity
and omnipotence of the human reason; or has more taught those who
have eyes to see; and hearts to understand; how weak and wayward;
staggering and slow; are the steps of our fallen race (rapid and
triumphant enough in that broad road of theories which leads to
intellectual destruction) whensoever they tread the narrow path of
true science; which leads (if I may be allowed to transfer our
Lord's great parable from moral to intellectual matters) to Life;
to the living and permanent knowledge of living things and of the
laws of their existence。 Humbling; truly; to one who looks back to
the summer of 1754; when good Mr。 Ellis; the wise and benevolent
West Indian merchant; read before the Royal Society his paper
proving the animal nature of corals; and followed it up the year
after by that 〃Essay toward a Natural History of the Corallines;
and other like Marine Productions of the British Coasts;〃 which
forms the groundwork of all our knowledge on the subject to this
day。 The chapter in Dr。 G。 Johnston's 〃British Zoophytes;〃 p。 407;
or the excellent little RESUME thereof in Dr。 Landsborough's book
on the same subject; is really a saddening one; as one sees how
loth were; not merely dreamers like; Marsigli or Bonnet; but sound…
headed men like Pallas and Linne; to give up the old sense…bound
fancy; that these corals were vegetables; and their polypes some
sort of living flowers。 Yet; after all; there are excuses for
them。 Without our improved microscopes; and while the sciences of
comparative anatomy and chemistry were yet infantile; it was
difficult to believe what was the truth; and for this simple
reason: that; as usual; the truth; when discovered; turned out far
more startling and prodigious than the dreams which men had hastily
substituted for it; more strange than Ovid's old story that the
coral was soft under the sea; and hardened by exposure to air; than
Marsigli's notion; that the coral…polypes were its flowers; than
Dr。 Parsons' contemptuous denial; that these complicated forms
could be 〃the operations of little; poor; helpless; jelly…like
animals; and not the work of more sure vegetation;〃 than Baker the
microscopist's detailed theory of their being produced by the
crystallization of the mineral salts in the sea…water; just as he
had seen 〃the particles of mercury and copper in aquafortis assume
tree…like forms; or curious delineations of mosses and minute
shrubs on slates and stones; owing to the shooting of salts
intermixed with mineral particles:〃 … one smiles at it now: yet
these men were no less sensible than we; and if we know better; it
is only because other men; and those few and far between; have
laboured amid disbelief; ridicule; and error; needing again and
again to retrace their steps; and to unlearn more than they learnt;
seeming to go backwards when they were really progressing most:
and now we have entered into their labours; and find them; as I
have just said; more wondrous than all the poetic dreams of a
Bonnet or a Darwin。 For who; after all; to take a few broad
instances (not to enlarge on the great root…wonder of a number of
distinct individuals connected by a common life; and forming a
seeming plant invariable in each species); would have dreamed of
the 〃bizarreries〃 which these very zoophytes present in their
classification?
You go down to any shore after a gale of wind; and pick up a few
delicate little sea…ferns。 You have two in your hand; which
probably look to you; even under a good pocket magnifier; identical
or nearly so。 (1) But you are told to your surprise; that however
like the dead horny polypidoms which you hold may be; the two
species of animal which have formed them are at least as far apart
in the scale of creation as a quadruped is from a fish。 You see in
some Musselburgh dredger's boat the phosphorescent sea…pen (unknown
in England); a living feather; of the look and cons