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第4章

glaucus-第4章

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Now see。  Between the cliff…foot and the sloping down is a crack; 

ending in a gully; the nearer side is of slate; and the further 

side; the cliff itself; is … why; the whole cliff is composed of 

the very same stone as the pebble ridge。



Now; my good friend; how did these pebbles get three hundred yards 

across the lake?  Hundreds of tons; some of them three feet long:  

who carried them across?  The old Cymry were not likely to amuse 

themselves by making such a breakwater up here in No…man's…land; 

two thousand feet above the sea:  but somebody or something must 

have carried them; for stones do not fly; nor swim either。



Shot out of a volcano?  As you seem determined to have a prodigy; 

it may as well be a sufficiently huge one。



Well … these stones lie altogether; and a volcano would have hardly 

made so compact a shot; not being in the habit of using Eley's wire 

cartridges。  Our next hope of a solution lies in John Jones; who 

carried up the coracle。  Hail him; and ask him what is on the top 

of that cliff 。 。 。 So; 〃Plainshe and pogshe; and another Llyn。〃  

Very good。  Now; does it not strike you that this whole cliff has a 

remarkably smooth and plastered look; like a hare's run up an 

earthbank?  And do you not see that it is polished thus only over 

the lake? that as soon as the cliff abuts on the downs right and 

left; it forms pinnacles; caves; broken angular boulders?  Syenite 

usually does so in our damp climate; from the 〃weathering〃 effect 

of frost and rain:  why has it not done so over the lake?  On that 

part something (giants perhaps) has been scrambling up or down on a 

very large scale; and so rubbed off every corner which was inclined 

to come away; till the solid core of the rock was bared。  And may 

not those mysterious giants have had a hand in carrying the stones 

across the lake? 。 。 。 Really; I am not altogether jesting。  Think 

a while what agent could possibly have produced either one or both 

of these effects?



There is but one; and that; if you have been an Alpine traveller … 

much more if you have been a Chamois hunter … you have seen many a 

time (whether you knew it or not) at the very same work。



Ice?  Yes; ice; Hrymir the frost…giant; and no one else。  And if 

you will look at the facts; you will see how ice may have done it。  

Our friend John Jones's report of plains and bogs and a lake above 

makes it quite possible that in the 〃Ice age〃 (Glacial Epoch; as 

the big…word…mongers call it) there was above that cliff a great 

neve; or snowfield; such as you have seen often in the Alps at the 

head of each glacier。  Over the face of this cliff a glacier has 

crawled down from that neve; polishing the face of the rock in its 

descent:  but the snow; having no large and deep outlet; has not 

slid down in a sufficient stream to reach the vale below; and form 

a glacier of the first order; and has therefore stopped short on 

the other side of the lake; as a glacier of the second order; which 

ends in an ice…cliff hanging high up on the mountain side; and kept 

from further progress by daily melting。  If you have ever gone up 

the Mer de Glace to the Tacul; you saw a magnificent specimen of 

this sort on your right hand; just opposite the Tacul; in the 

Glacier de Trelaporte; which comes down from the Aiguille de 

Charmoz。



This explains our pebble…ridge。  The stones which the glacier 

rubbed off the cliff beneath it it carried forward; slowly but 

surely; till they saw the light again in the face of the ice…cliff; 

and dropped out of it under the melting of the summer sun; to form 

a huge dam across the ravine; till; the 〃Ice age〃 past; a more 

genial climate succeeded; and neve and glacier melted away:  but 

the 〃moraine〃 of stones did not; and remains to this day; as the 

dam which keeps up the waters of the lake。



There is my explanation。  If you can find a better; do:  but 

remember always that it must include an answer to … 〃How did the 

stones get across the lake?〃



 Now; reader; we have had no abstruse science here; no long words; 

not even a microscope or a book:  and yet we; as two plain 

sportsmen; have gone back; or been led back by fact and common 

sense; into the most awful and sublime depths; into an epos of the 

destruction and re…creation of a former world。



This is but a single instance; I might give hundreds。  This one; 

nevertheless; may have some effect in awakening you to the 

boundless world of wonders which is all around you; and make you 

ask yourself seriously; 〃What branch of Natural History shall I 

begin to investigate; if it be but for a few weeks; this summer?〃



To which I answer; Try 〃the Wonders of the Shore。〃  There are along 

every sea…beach more strange things to be seen; and those to be 

seen easily; than in any other field of observation which you will 

find in these islands。  And on the shore only will you have the 

enjoyment of finding new species; of adding your mite to the 

treasures of science。



For not only the English ferns; but the natural history of all our 

land species; are now well…nigh exhausted。  Our home botanists and 

ornithologists are spending their time now; perforce; in verifying 

a few obscure species; and bemoaning themselves; like Alexander; 

that there are no more worlds left to conquer。  For the geologist; 

indeed; and the entomologist; especially in the remoter districts; 

much remains to be done; but only at a heavy outlay of time; 

labour; and study; and the dilettante (and it is for dilettanti; 

like myself; that I principally write) must be content to tread in 

the tracks of greater men who have preceded him; and accept at 

second or third hand their foregone conclusions。



But this is most unsatisfactory; for in giving up discovery; one 

gives up one of the highest enjoyments of Natural History。  There 

is a mysterious delight in the discovery of a new species; akin to 

that of seeing for the first time; in their native haunts; plants 

or animals of which one has till then only read。  Some; surely; who 

read these pages have experienced that latter delight; and; though 

they might find it hard to define whence the pleasure arose; know 

well that it was a solid pleasure; the memory of which they would 

not give up for hard cash。  Some; surely; can recollect; at their 

first sight of the Alpine Soldanella; the Rhododendron; or the 

black Orchis; growing upon the edge of the eternal snow; a thrill 

of emotion not unmixed with awe; a sense that they were; as it 

were; brought face to face with the creatures of another world; 

that Nature was independent of them; not merely they of her; that 

trees were not merely made to build their houses; or herbs to feed 

their cattle; as they looked on those wild gardens amid the wreaths 

of the untrodden snow; which had lifted their gay flowers to the 

sun year after year since the foundation of the world; taking no 

heed of man; and all the coil which he keeps in the valleys far 

below。



And even; to take a simpler instance; there are those who will 

excuse; or even approve of; a writer for saying that; among the 

memories of a month's eventful tour; those which stand out as 

beacon…points; those round which all the others group themselves; 

are the first wolf…track by the road…side in the Kyllwald; the 

first sight of the blue and green Roller…birds; walking behind the 

plough like rooks in the tobacco…fields of Wittlich; the first ball 

of Olivine scraped out of the volcanic slag…heaps of the Dreisser…

Weiher; the first pair of the Lesser Bustard flushed upon the downs 

of the Mosel…kopf; the first sight of the cloud of white Ephemerae; 

fluttering in the dusk like a summer snowstorm between us and the 

black cliffs of the Rheinstein; while the broad Rhine beneath 

flashed blood…red in the blaze of the lightning and the fires of 

the Mausenthurm … a lurid Acheron above which seemed to hover te

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