贝壳电子书 > 英文原著电子书 > glaucus >

第33章

glaucus-第33章

小说: glaucus 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!








THE connection between Brainstones; Mushroom Corals; and other 

Madrepores abounding on Polynesian reefs; and the 〃Sea Anemones;〃 

which have lately become so familiar to us all; can be seen by 

comparing our comparatively insignificant C。 Smithii with our 

commonest species of Actinia and Sagartia。  The former is a 

beautiful object when the fleshy part and tentacles are wholly or 

partially expanded。  Like Actinia; it has a membranous covering; a 

simple sac…like stomach; a central mouth; a disk surrounded by 

contractile and adhesive tentacles。  Unlike Actinia; it is fixed to 

submarine bodies; to which it is glued in very early life; and 

cannot change its place。  Unlike Actinia; its body is supported by 

a stony skeleton of calcareous plates arranged edgewise so as to 

radiate from the centre。  But as we find some Molluscs furnished 

with a shell; and others even of the same character and habits 

without one; so we find that in spite of this seemingly important 

difference; the animals are very similar in their nature。  Since 

the introduction of glass tanks we have opportunities of seeing 

anemones crawling up the sides; so as to exhibit their entire basal 

disk; and then we may observe lightly coloured lines of a less 

transparent substance than the interstices; radiating from the 

margin to the centre; some short; others reaching the entire 

distance; and arranged in exactly the same manner as the plates of 

Caryophyllaea。  These are doubtless flexible walls of compartments 

dividing the fleshy parts of the softer animals; and corresponding 

with the septa of the coral。  Fig。 2 A represents a section of the 

latter; to be compared with the basal disk of Sagartia。





SAGARTIA ANGUICOMA。  PL。 V。 FIG。 3; A; B。





This genus has been separated from Actinia on account of its habit 

of throwing out threads when irritated。  Although my specimens 

often assumed the form represented in fig。 3; Mr。 Lloyd informs me 

that it must have arisen from unhealthiness of condition; its usual 

habit being to contract into a more flattened form。  When fully 

expanded; its transparent and lengthened tentacles present a 

beautiful appearance。  Fig。 3 A; showing a basal disk; is given for 

the purpose already described。





BALANOPHYLLAEA REGIA。  PL。 V。 FIG。 1。





Another species of British madrepore; found by Mr。 Gosse at 

Ilfracombe; and by Mr。 Kingsley at Lundy Island。  It is smaller 

than O。 Smithii; of a very bright colour; and always covers the 

upper part of its bony skeleton; in which the plates are 

differently arranged from those of the smaller species。  Fig。 1 

shows the tentacles expanded in an unusual degree; 1 A; animal 

contracted; 1 B; the coral; 1 C; a tentacle enlarged。







PLATE VI。







CORALS AND SEA ANEMONES。



ACTINIA MESEMBRYANTHEMUM。  PL。 VI。 FIG。 1 A。





This common species is more frequently met with than many others; 

because it prefers shallow water; and often lives high up among 

rocks which are only covered by the sea at very high tide; so that 

the creature can; if it will; spend but a short portion of its time 

immersed。  When uncovered by the tide; it gathers up its leathery 

tunic; and presents the appearance of fig。 1 A。  When under water 

it may often be seen expanding its flower…like disk and moving its 

feelers in search of food。  These feelers have a certain power of 

adhesion; and any not too vigorous animals which they touch are 

easily drawn towards the centre and swallowed。  Around the margin 

of the tunic are seen peeping out between the tentacles certain 

bright blue globules looking very like eyes; but whose purpose is 

not exactly ascertained。  Fig。 1 represents the disk only partially 

expanded。





BUNODES CRASSICORNIS。  PL。 VI。 FIG。 2。





This genus of Actinioid zoophytes is distinguished from Actinia 

proper by the tubercles or warts which stud the outer covering of 

the animal。  In B。 gemmacea these warts are arranged symmetrically; 

so as to give a peculiarly jewelled appearance to the body。  Being 

of a large size; the tentacles of B。 crassicornis exhibit in great 

perfection the adhesive powers produced by the nettling threads 

which proceed from them。





CARYOPHYLLAEA SMITHII。  PL。 VI。 FIG。 3。





This figure is to show a whiter variety; with the flesh and 

tentacles fully expanded







PLATE VIII。







MOLLUSCA。



NASSA RETICULATA。  PL。 VIII。 fig。 2; A; B; C; D; E; F





A VERY active Mollusc; given here chiefly on account of the 

opportunity afforded by the birth of young fry in Mr。 Lloyd's 

tanks。  The NASSA feeds on small animalcules; for which; in 

aquaria; it may be seen routing among the sand and stones; 

sometimes burying itself among them so as only to show its caudal 

tube moving along between them。  A pair of Nassae in Mr。 Lloyd's 

collection; deposited; on the 5th of April; about fifty capsules or 

bags of eggs upon the stems of weeds (fig。 2 B); each capsule 

contained about a hundred eggs。  The capsules opened on the 16th of 

May; permitting the escape of rotiferous fry (fig。 2; C; D; E); not 

in the slightest degree resembling the parent; but presenting 

minute nautilus…shaped transparent shells。  These shells rather 

hang on than cover the bodies; which have a pair of lobes; around 

which vibrate minute cilia in such a manner as to give them an 

appearance of rotatory motion。  Under a lens they may be seen 

moving about very actively in various positions; but always with 

the look of being moved by rapidly turning wheels。  We should have 

been glad to witness the next step towards assuming their ultimate 

form; but were disappointed; as the embryos died。  Fig。 2 F is the 

tongue of a Nassa; from a photograph by Dr。 Kingsley。







Footnotes:



(1) SERTULARIA OPERCULATA and GEMELLARIA LOCICULATA; or any of the 

small SERTULARIAE; compared with CRISIAE and CELLULARIAE; are very 

good examples。  For a fuller description of these; see Appendix 

explaining Plate I。



(2) If any inland reader wishes to see the action of this foot; in 

the bivalve Molluscs; let him look at the Common Pond…Mussel 

(Anodon Cygneus); which he will find in most stagnant waters; and 

see how he burrows with it in the mud; and how; when the water is 

drawn off; he walks solemnly into deeper water; leaving a furrow 

behind him。



(3) These shells are so common that I have not cared to figure 

them。



(4) Plate IX。 Fig。 3; represents both parasites on the dead 

Turritella。



(5) A few words on him; and on sea…anemones in general; may be 

found in Appendix II。  But full details; accompanied with beautiful 

plates; may be found in Mr。 Gosse's work on British sea…anemones 

and madrepores; which ought to be in every seaside library。



(6) Handbook to the Marine Aquarium of the Crystal Palace。



(7) An admirable paper on this extraordinary family may be found in 

the Zoological Society's Proceedings for July 1858; by Messrs。 S。 

P。 Woodward and the late lamented Lucas Barrett。  See also 

Quatrefages; I。 82; or Synapta Duvernaei。



(8) Thalassema Neptuni (Forbes' British Star…Fishes; p。 259);



(9) The Londoner may see specimens of them at the Zoological 

Gardens and at the Crystal Palace; as also of the rare and 

beautiful Sabella; figured in the same plate; and of the 

Balanophyllia; or a closely…allied species; from the Mediterranean; 

mentioned in p。 109。



(10) A Naturalist's Rambles on the Devonshire Coast; p。 110。



(11) Balanophyllia regia; Plate V。 fig。 1。



(12) Amphidotus cordatus。



(13) Echinus miliaris; Plate VII。



(14) See Professor Sedgwick's last edition of the 〃Discourses on 

the Studies of Cambridge。〃



(15) Fissurella graeca; Plate X。 fig。 5。



(16) Doris tuberculata and bilineata。



(17) Eolis papi losa。  A Doris and an Eolis; though not of these 

species; are figured in Plate

返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0

你可能喜欢的