glaucus-µÚ27ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
Gosse's¡¡book¡¡bearing¡¡that¡¡name£»¡¡at¡¡pp¡£¡¡101£»¡¡255£»¡¡ET¡¡SEQ¡££»¡¡and¡¡those¡¡
who¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡the¡¡notion¡¡thoroughly£»¡¡cannot¡¡do¡¡better¡¡than¡¡
buy¡¡his¡¡book£»¡¡and¡¡take¡¡their¡¡choice¡¡of¡¡the¡¡many¡¡different¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡
vase£»¡¡with¡¡rockwork£»¡¡fountains£»¡¡and¡¡other¡¡pretty¡¡devices¡¡which¡¡he¡¡
describes¡£
But¡¡the¡¡many£»¡¡even¡¡if¡¡they¡¡have¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Gosse's¡¡book£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡rather¡¡
inclined¡¡to¡¡begin¡¡with¡¡a¡¡small¡¡attempt£»¡¡especially¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are¡¡
probably¡¡half¡¡sceptical¡¡of¡¡the¡¡possibility¡¡of¡¡keeping¡¡sea¡animals¡¡
inland¡¡without¡¡changing¡¡the¡¡water¡£¡¡¡¡A¡¡few¡¡simple¡¡directions£»¡¡
therefore£»¡¡will¡¡not¡¡come¡¡amiss¡¡here¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡such¡¡as¡¡anyone¡¡
can¡¡put¡¡into¡¡practice£»¡¡who¡¡goes¡¡down¡¡to¡¡stay¡¡in¡¡a¡¡lodging¡house¡¡at¡¡
the¡¡most¡¡cockney¡¡of¡¡watering¡places¡£
Buy¡¡at¡¡any¡¡glass¡shop¡¡a¡¡cylindrical¡¡glass¡¡jar£»¡¡some¡¡six¡¡inches¡¡in¡¡
diameter¡¡and¡¡ten¡¡high£»¡¡which¡¡will¡¡cost¡¡you¡¡from¡¡three¡¡to¡¡four¡¡
shillings£»¡¡wash¡¡it¡¡clean£»¡¡and¡¡fill¡¡it¡¡with¡¡clean¡¡salt¡water£»¡¡dipped¡¡
out¡¡of¡¡any¡¡pool¡¡among¡¡the¡¡rocks£»¡¡only¡¡looking¡¡first¡¡to¡¡see¡¡that¡¡
there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡dead¡¡fish¡¡or¡¡other¡¡evil¡¡matter¡¡in¡¡the¡¡said¡¡pool£»¡¡and¡¡
that¡¡no¡¡stream¡¡from¡¡the¡¡land¡¡runs¡¡into¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡you¡¡choose¡¡to¡¡take¡¡
the¡¡trouble¡¡to¡¡dip¡¡up¡¡the¡¡water¡¡over¡¡a¡¡boat's¡¡side£»¡¡so¡¡much¡¡the¡¡
better¡£
So¡¡much¡¡for¡¡your¡¡vase£»¡¡now¡¡to¡¡stock¡¡it¡£
Go¡¡down¡¡at¡¡low¡¡spring¡tide¡¡to¡¡the¡¡nearest¡¡ledge¡¡of¡¡rocks£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡
a¡¡hammer¡¡and¡¡chisel¡¡chip¡¡off¡¡a¡¡few¡¡pieces¡¡of¡¡stone¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡
growing¡¡sea¡weed¡£¡¡¡¡Avoid¡¡the¡¡common¡¡and¡¡coarser¡¡kinds¡¡£¨fuci£©¡¡which¡¡
cover¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rocks£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡give¡¡out¡¡under¡¡water¡¡a¡¡
slime¡¡which¡¡will¡¡foul¡¡your¡¡tank£º¡¡¡¡but¡¡choose¡¡the¡¡more¡¡delicate¡¡
species¡¡which¡¡fringe¡¡the¡¡edges¡¡of¡¡every¡¡pool¡¡at¡¡low¡water¡¡mark£»¡¡the¡¡
pink¡¡coralline£»¡¡the¡¡dark¡¡purple¡¡ragged¡¡dulse¡¡£¨Rhodymenia£©£»¡¡the¡¡
Carrageen¡¡moss¡¡£¨Chondrus£©£»¡¡and¡¡above¡¡all£»¡¡the¡¡commonest¡¡of¡¡all£»¡¡the¡¡
delicate¡¡green¡¡Ulva£»¡¡which¡¡you¡¡will¡¡see¡¡growing¡¡everywhere¡¡in¡¡
wrinkled¡¡fan¡shaped¡¡sheets£»¡¡as¡¡thin¡¡as¡¡the¡¡finest¡¡silver¡paper¡£¡¡¡¡
The¡¡smallest¡¡bits¡¡of¡¡stone¡¡are¡¡sufficient£»¡¡provided¡¡the¡¡sea¡weeds¡¡
have¡¡hold¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡have¡¡no¡¡real¡¡roots£»¡¡but¡¡adhere¡¡by¡¡a¡¡
small¡¡disc£»¡¡deriving¡¡no¡¡nourishment¡¡from¡¡the¡¡rock£»¡¡but¡¡only¡¡from¡¡
the¡¡water¡£¡¡¡¡Take¡¡care£»¡¡meanwhile£»¡¡that¡¡there¡¡be¡¡as¡¡little¡¡as¡¡
possible¡¡on¡¡the¡¡stone£»¡¡beside¡¡the¡¡weed¡¡itself¡£¡¡¡¡Especially¡¡scrape¡¡
off¡¡any¡¡small¡¡sponges£»¡¡and¡¡see¡¡that¡¡no¡¡worms¡¡have¡¡made¡¡their¡¡
twining¡¡tubes¡¡of¡¡sand¡¡among¡¡the¡¡weed¡stems£»¡¡if¡¡they¡¡have£»¡¡drag¡¡them¡¡
out£»¡¡for¡¡they¡¡will¡¡surely¡¡die£»¡¡and¡¡as¡¡surely¡¡spoil¡¡all¡¡by¡¡
sulphuretted¡¡hydrogen£»¡¡blackness£»¡¡and¡¡evil¡¡smells¡£
Put¡¡your¡¡weeds¡¡into¡¡your¡¡tank£»¡¡and¡¡settle¡¡them¡¡at¡¡the¡¡bottom£»¡¡which¡¡
last£»¡¡some¡¡say£»¡¡should¡¡be¡¡covered¡¡with¡¡a¡¡layer¡¡of¡¡pebbles£º¡¡¡¡but¡¡let¡¡
the¡¡beginner¡¡leave¡¡it¡¡as¡¡bare¡¡as¡¡possible£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡pebbles¡¡only¡¡
tempt¡¡cross¡grained¡¡annelids¡¡to¡¡crawl¡¡under¡¡them£»¡¡die£»¡¡and¡¡spoil¡¡
all¡¡by¡¡decaying£º¡¡¡¡whereas¡¡if¡¡the¡¡bottom¡¡of¡¡the¡¡vase¡¡is¡¡bare£»¡¡you¡¡
can¡¡see¡¡a¡¡sickly¡¡or¡¡dead¡¡inhabitant¡¡at¡¡once£»¡¡and¡¡take¡¡him¡¡out¡¡
£¨which¡¡you¡¡must¡¡do£©¡¡instantly¡£¡¡¡¡Let¡¡your¡¡weeds¡¡stand¡¡quietly¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
vase¡¡a¡¡day¡¡or¡¡two¡¡before¡¡you¡¡put¡¡in¡¡any¡¡live¡¡animals£»¡¡and¡¡even¡¡
then£»¡¡do¡¡not¡¡put¡¡any¡¡in¡¡if¡¡the¡¡water¡¡does¡¡not¡¡appear¡¡perfectly¡¡
clear£º¡¡¡¡but¡¡lift¡¡out¡¡the¡¡weeds£»¡¡and¡¡renew¡¡the¡¡water¡¡ere¡¡you¡¡replace¡¡
them¡£
This¡¡is¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Gosse's¡¡method¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lloyd£»¡¡in¡¡his¡¡¡¨Handbook¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
Crystal¡¡Palace¡¡Aquarium£»¡¨¡¡advises¡¡that¡¡no¡¡weed¡¡should¡¡be¡¡put¡¡into¡¡
the¡¡tank¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨It¡¡is¡¡better£»¡¨¡¡he¡¡says£»¡¡¡¨to¡¡depend¡¡only¡¡on¡¡those¡¡which¡¡
gradually¡¡and¡¡naturally¡¡appear¡¡on¡¡the¡¡rocks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡aquarium¡¡by¡¡the¡¡
action¡¡of¡¡light£»¡¡and¡¡which¡¡answer¡¡every¡¡chemical¡¡purpose¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡I¡¡
should¡¡advise¡¡anyone¡¡intending¡¡to¡¡set¡¡up¡¡an¡¡aquarium£»¡¡however¡¡
small£»¡¡to¡¡study¡¡what¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lloyd¡¡says¡¡on¡¡this¡¡matter¡¡in¡¡pp¡£¡¡17¡19£»¡¡
and¡¡also¡¡in¡¡page¡¡30£»¡¡of¡¡his¡¡pamphlet£»¡¡and¡¡also¡¡to¡¡go¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Crystal¡¡
Palace¡¡Aquarium£»¡¡and¡¡there¡¡see¡¡for¡¡himself¡¡the¡¡many¡¡beautiful¡¡
species¡¡of¡¡sea¡weeds¡¡which¡¡have¡¡appeared¡¡spontaneously¡¡in¡¡the¡¡tanks¡¡
from¡¡unsuspected¡¡spores¡¡floating¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sea¡water¡£¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡
hand£»¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Lloyd¡¡lays¡¡much¡¡stress¡¡on¡¡the¡¡necessity¡¡of¡¡a‰rating¡¡the¡¡
water£»¡¡by¡¡keeping¡¡it¡¡in¡¡perpetual¡¡motion£»¡¡a¡¡process¡¡not¡¡easy¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
carried¡¡out¡¡in¡¡small¡¡aquaria£»¡¡at¡¡least¡¡to¡¡that¡¡perfection¡¡which¡¡has¡¡
been¡¡attained¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Crystal¡¡Palace£»¡¡where¡¡the¡¡water¡¡is¡¡kept¡¡in¡¡
continual¡¡circulation¡¡by¡¡steam¡power¡£¡¡¡¡For¡¡a¡¡jar¡aquarium£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡
be¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡drive¡¡fresh¡¡air¡¡through¡¡the¡¡water¡¡every¡¡day£»¡¡by¡¡means¡¡
of¡¡a¡¡syringe¡£
Now¡¡for¡¡the¡¡live¡¡stock¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡crannies¡¡of¡¡every¡¡rock¡¡you¡¡will¡¡
find¡¡sea¡anemones¡¡£¨Actiniae£©£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡dozen¡¡of¡¡these¡¡only¡¡will¡¡be¡¡
enough¡¡to¡¡convert¡¡your¡¡little¡¡vase¡¡into¡¡the¡¡most¡¡brilliant¡¡of¡¡
living¡¡flower¡gardens¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡they¡¡hang¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡under¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
ledges£»¡¡apparently¡¡mere¡¡rounded¡¡lumps¡¡of¡¡jelly£º¡¡¡¡one¡¡is¡¡of¡¡dark¡¡
purple¡¡dotted¡¡with¡¡green£»¡¡another¡¡of¡¡a¡¡rich¡¡chocolate£»¡¡another¡¡of¡¡a¡¡
delicate¡¡olive£»¡¡another¡¡sienna¡yellow£»¡¡another¡¡all¡¡but¡¡white¡£¡¡¡¡Take¡¡
them¡¡from¡¡their¡¡rock£»¡¡you¡¡can¡¡do¡¡it¡¡easily¡¡by¡¡slipping¡¡under¡¡them¡¡
your¡¡finger¡nail£»¡¡or¡¡the¡¡edge¡¡of¡¡a¡¡pewter¡¡spoon¡£¡¡¡¡Take¡¡care¡¡to¡¡tear¡¡
the¡¡sucking¡¡base¡¡as¡¡little¡¡as¡¡possible¡¡£¨though¡¡a¡¡small¡¡rent¡¡they¡¡
will¡¡darn¡¡for¡¡themselves¡¡in¡¡a¡¡few¡¡days£»¡¡easily¡¡enough£»¡¡and¡¡drop¡¡
them¡¡into¡¡a¡¡basket¡¡of¡¡wet¡¡sea¡weed£»¡¡when¡¡you¡¡get¡¡home¡¡turn¡¡them¡¡
into¡¡a¡¡dish¡¡full¡¡of¡¡water¡¡and¡¡leave¡¡them¡¡for¡¡the¡¡night£»¡¡and¡¡go¡¡to¡¡
look¡¡at¡¡them¡¡to¡morrow¡£¡¡¡¡What¡¡a¡¡change£¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡dull¡¡lumps¡¡of¡¡jelly¡¡
have¡¡taken¡¡root¡¡and¡¡flowered¡¡during¡¡the¡¡night£»¡¡and¡¡your¡¡dish¡¡is¡¡
filled¡¡from¡¡side¡¡to¡¡side¡¡with¡¡a¡¡bouquet¡¡of¡¡chrysanthemums£»¡¡each¡¡has¡¡
expanded¡¡into¡¡a¡¡hundred¡petalled¡¡flower£»¡¡crimson£»¡¡pink£»¡¡purple£»¡¡or¡¡
orange£»¡¡touch¡¡one£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡shrinks¡¡together¡¡like¡¡a¡¡sensitive¡¡plant£»¡¡
displaying¡¡at¡¡the¡¡root¡¡of¡¡the¡¡petals¡¡a¡¡ring¡¡of¡¡brilliant¡¡turquoise¡¡
beads¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡is¡¡the¡¡commonest¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡Actiniae¡¡
£¨Mesembryanthemum£©£»¡¡you¡¡may¡¡have¡¡him¡¡when¡¡and¡¡where¡¡you¡¡will£º¡¡¡¡but¡¡
if¡¡you¡¡will¡¡search¡¡those¡¡rocks¡¡somewhat¡¡closer£»¡¡you¡¡will¡¡find¡¡even¡¡
more¡¡gorgeous¡¡species¡¡than¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡See¡¡in¡¡that¡¡pool¡¡some¡¡dozen¡¡large¡¡
ones£»¡¡in¡¡full¡¡bloom£»¡¡and¡¡quite¡¡six¡¡inches¡¡across£»¡¡some¡¡of¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡If¡¡
their¡¡cousins¡¡whom¡¡we¡¡found¡¡just¡¡now¡¡were¡¡like¡¡Chrysanthemums£»¡¡
these¡¡are¡¡like¡¡quilled¡¡Dahlias¡£¡¡¡¡Their¡¡arms¡¡are¡¡stouter¡¡and¡¡shorter¡¡
in¡¡proportion¡¡than¡¡those¡¡of¡¡the¡¡last¡¡species£»¡¡but¡¡their¡¡colour¡¡is¡¡
equally¡¡brilliant¡£¡¡¡¡One¡¡is¡¡a¡¡brilliant¡¡blood¡red£»¡¡another¡¡a¡¡
delicate¡¡sea¡blue¡¡striped¡¡with¡¡pink£»¡¡but¡¡most¡¡have¡¡the¡¡disc¡¡and¡¡the¡¡
innumerable¡¡arms¡¡striped¡¡and¡¡ringed¡¡with¡¡various¡¡shades¡¡of¡¡grey¡¡and¡¡
brown¡£¡¡¡¡Shall¡¡we¡¡get¡¡them£¿¡¡¡¡By¡¡all¡¡means¡¡if¡¡we¡¡can¡£¡¡¡¡Touch¡¡one¡£¡¡¡¡
Where¡¡is¡¡he¡¡now£¿¡¡¡¡Gone£¿¡¡¡¡Vanished¡¡into¡¡air£»¡¡or¡¡into¡¡stone£¿¡¡¡¡Not¡¡
quite¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡see¡¡that¡¡knot¡¡of¡¡sand¡¡and¡¡broken¡¡shell¡¡lying¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
rock£»¡¡where¡¡your¡¡Dahlia¡¡was¡¡one¡¡moment¡¡ago¡£¡¡¡¡Touch¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡you¡¡will¡¡
find¡¡it¡¡leathery¡¡and¡¡elastic¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡is¡¡all¡¡which¡¡remains¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
live¡¡Dahlia¡£¡¡¡¡Never¡¡mind£»¡¡get¡¡your¡¡finger¡¡into¡¡the¡¡crack¡¡under¡¡him£»¡¡
work¡¡him¡¡gently¡¡but¡¡firmly¡¡out£»¡¡and¡¡take¡¡him¡¡home£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡will¡¡be¡¡
as¡¡happy¡¡and¡¡as¡¡gorgeous¡¡as¡¡ever¡¡to¡morrow¡£
Let¡¡your¡¡Actiniae¡¡stand¡¡for¡¡a¡¡day¡¡or¡¡two¡¡in¡¡the¡¡dish£»¡¡and¡¡then£»¡¡
picking¡¡out¡¡the¡¡liveliest¡¡and¡¡handsomest£»¡¡detach¡¡them¡¡once¡¡more¡¡
from¡¡their¡¡hold£»¡¡drop¡¡them¡¡into¡¡your¡¡vase£»¡¡right¡¡them¡¡with¡¡a¡¡bit¡¡of¡¡
stick£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡sucking¡¡base¡¡is¡¡downwards£»¡¡and¡¡leave¡¡them¡¡to¡¡
themselves¡¡thenceforth¡£
These¡¡two¡¡species¡¡£¨Mesembryanthemum¡¡and¡¡Crassicornis£©¡¡are¡¡quite¡¡
beautiful¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡give¡¡a¡¡beginner¡¡amusement£º¡¡¡¡but¡¡there¡¡are¡¡two¡¡
others¡¡which¡¡are¡¡not¡¡uncommon£»¡¡and¡¡of¡¡such¡¡exceeding¡¡loveliness£»¡¡
that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡worth¡¡while¡¡to¡¡take¡¡a¡¡little¡¡trouble¡¡to¡¡get¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡
one¡¡is¡¡Dianthus£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡mentioned£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡Bellis£»¡¡
the¡¡sea¡daisy£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡there¡¡is¡¡an¡¡excellent¡¡description¡¡and¡¡
plates¡¡in¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Gosse's¡¡¡¨Rambles¡¡in¡¡Devon£»¡¨¡¡pp¡£¡¡24¡¡to¡¡32¡£
It¡¡is¡¡common¡¡at¡¡Ilfracombe£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡Torquay£»¡¡and¡¡indeed¡¡everywhere¡¡
where¡¡there¡¡are¡¡cracks¡¡and¡¡small¡¡holes¡¡in¡¡limestone¡¡or¡¡slate¡¡rock¡£¡¡¡¡
In¡¡these¡¡holes¡¡it¡¡fixes¡¡its¡¡base£»¡¡and¡¡expands¡¡its¡¡delicate¡¡brown¡
grey¡¡star¡like¡¡flowers¡¡on¡¡the¡¡surface£º¡¡¡¡but¡¡it¡¡must¡¡be¡¡chipped¡¡out¡¡
with¡¡hammer¡¡and¡¡chisel£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡expense¡¡of¡¡much¡¡dirt¡¡and¡¡patience£»¡¡
for¡¡the¡¡moment¡¡it¡¡is¡¡touche