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第12章

glaucus-第12章

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this peculiarity; that possessing no body at all to speak of; he 

carries his needful stomach in long branches; packed inside his 

legs。  The specimens which you will find will probably be half an 

inch across the legs。  An almost exactly similar Nymphon has been 

dredged from the depths of the Arctic and Antarctic oceans; nearly 

two feet across。



You may find also a quaint little shrimp; CAPRELLA; clinging by its 

hind claws to sea…weed; and waving its gaunt grotesque body to and 

fro; while it makes mesmeric passes with its large fore claws; … 

one of the most ridiculous of Nature's many ridiculous forms。  

Those which you will find will be some quarter of an inch in 

length; but in the cold area of the North Atlantic; their cousins; 

it is now found; are nearly three inches long; and perch in like 

manner; not on sea…weeds; for there are none so deep; but on 

branching sponges。



These are but two instances out of many of forms which were 

supposed to be peculiar to shallow shores repeating themselves at 

vast depths:  thus forcing on us strange questions about changes in 

the distribution and depth of the ancient seas; and forcing us; 

also; to reconsider the old rules by which rocks were distinguished 

as deep…sea or shallow…sea deposits according to the fossils found 

in them。



As for the new forms; and even more important than them; the 

ancient forms; supposed to have been long extinct; and only known 

as fossils; till they were lately rediscovered alive in the nether 

darkness; … for them you must consult Dr。 Wyville Thomson's book; 

and the notices of the 〃Challenger's〃 dredgings which appear from 

time to time in the columns of 〃Nature;〃 for want of space forbids 

my speaking of them here。



But if you have no time to read 〃The Depths of the Sea;〃 go at 

least to the British Museum; or if you be a northern man; to the 

admirable public museum at Liverpool; ask to be shown the deep…sea 

forms; and there feast your curiosity and your sense of beauty for 

an hour。  Look at the Crinoids; or stalked star…fishes; the 〃Lilies 

of living stone;〃 which swarmed in the ancient seas; in vast 

variety; and in such numbers that whole beds of limestone are 

composed of their disjointed fragments; but which have vanished out 

of our modern seas; we know not why; till; a few years since; 

almost the only known living species was the exquisite and rare 

Pentacrinus asteria; from deep water off the Windward Isles of the 

West Indies。



Of this you will see a specimen or two both at Liverpool and in the 

British Museum; and near them; probably; specimens of the new…old 

Crinoids; discovered of late years by Professor Sars; Mr。 Gwyn 

Jeffreys; Dr。 Carpenter; Dr。 Wyville Thomson; and the other deep…

sea disciples of the mythic Glaucus; the fisherman; who; enamoured 

of the wonders of the sea; plunged into the blue abyss once and for 

all; and became himself 〃the blue old man of the sea。〃



Next look at the corals; and Gorgonias; and all the sea…fern tribe 

of branching polypidoms; and last; but not least; at the glass 

sponges; first at the Euplectella; or Venus's flower…basket; which 

lives embedded in the mud of the seas of the Philippines; supported 

by a glass frill 〃standing up round it like an Elizabethan ruff。〃  

Twenty years ago there was but one specimen in Europe:  now you may 

buy one for a pound in any curiosity shop。  I advise you to do so; 

and to keep … as I have seen done … under a glass case; as a 

delight to your eyes; one of the most exquisite; both for form and 

texture; of natural objects。



Then look at the Hyalonemas; or glass…rope ocean floor by a twisted 

wisp of strong flexible flint needles; somewhat on the principle of 

a screw…pile。  So strange and complicated is their structure; that 

naturalists for a long while could literally make neither head nor 

tail of them; as long as they had only Japanese specimens to study; 

some of which the Japanese dealers had; of malice prepense; stuck 

upside down into Pholas…borings in stones。  Which was top and which 

bottom; which the thing itself; and which special parasites growing 

on it; whether it was a sponge; or a zoophyte; or something else; 

at one time even whether it was natural; or artificial and a make…

up; … could not be settled; even till a year or two since。  But the 

discovery of the same; or a similar; species in abundance from the 

Butt of the Lows down to Setubal on the Portuguese coast; where the 

deep…water shark fishers call it 〃sea…whip;〃 has given our savants 

specimens enough to make up their minds … that they really know 

little or nothing about it; and probably will never know。



And do not forget; lastly; to ask; whether at Liverpool or at the 

British Museum; for the Holtenias and their congeners; … hollow 

sponges built up of glassy spicules; and rooted in the mud by glass 

hairs; in some cases between two and three feet long; as flexible 

and graceful as tresses of snow…white silk。



Look at these; and a hundred kindred forms; and then see how nature 

is not only 〃maxima in minimis〃 … greatest in her least; but often 

〃pulcherrima in abditis〃 … fairest in her most hidden works; and 

how the Creative Spirit has lavished; as it were; unspeakable 

artistic skill on lowly…organized creature; never till now beheld 

by man; and buried; not only in foul mud; but in their own 

unsightly heap of living jelly。



But so it was from the beginning; … and this planet was not made 

for man alone。  Countless ages before we appeared on earth the 

depths of the old chalk…ocean teemed with forms as beautiful and 

perfect as those; their lineal descendants; which the dredge now 

brings up from the Atlantic sea…floor; and if there were … as my 

reason tells me that there must have been … final moral causes for 

their existence; the only ones which we have a right to imagine are 

these … that all; down to the lowest Rhizopod; might delight 

themselves; however dimly; in existing; and that the Lord might 

delight Himself in them。



Thus; much … alas! how little … about the wonders of the deep。  We; 

who are no deep…sea dredgers; must return humbly to the wonders of 

the shore。  And first; as after descending the gap in the sea…wall 

we walk along the ribbed floor of hard yellow sand; let me ask you 

to give a sharp look…out for a round grey disc; about as big as a 

penny…piece; peeping out on the surface。  No; that is not it; that 

little lump:  open it; and you will find within one of the common 

little Venus gallina。 … The closet collectors have given it some 

new name now; and no thanks to them:  they are always changing the 

names; instead of studying the live animals where Nature has put 

them; in which case they would have no time for word…inventing。  

Nay; I verify suspect that the names grow; like other things; at 

least; they get longer and longer and more jaw…breaking every year。  

The little bivalve; however; finding itself left by the tide; has 

wisely shut up its siphons; and; by means of its foot and its 

edges; buried itself in a comfortable bath of cool wet sand; till 

the sea shall come back; and make it safe to crawl and lounge about 

on the surface; smoking the sea…water instead of tobacco。  Neither 

is that depression what we seek。  Touch it; and out poke a pair of 

astonished and inquiring horns:  it is a long…armed crab; who saw 

us coming; and wisely shovelled himself into the sand by means of 

his nether…end。  Corystes Cassivelaunus is his name; which he is 

said to have acquired from the marks on his back; which are 

somewhat like a human face。  〃Those long antennae;〃 says my friend; 

Mr。 Lloyd (6) … I have not verified the fact; but believe it; as he 

knows a great deal about crabs; and I know next to nothing … 〃form 

a tube through which a current of water passes into the crab's 

gills; free from the surrounding sand。〃  Moreover; it is only the 

male who

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