darwin and modern science-第2章
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V。 HEREDITY AND VARIATION IN MODERN LIGHTS： W。 BATESON； Professor of Biology in the University of Cambridge。
VI。 THE MINUTE STRUCTURE OF CELLS IN RELATION TO HEREDITY： EDUARD STRASBURGER； Professor of Botany in the University of Bonn。
VII。 〃THE DESCENT OF MAN〃： G。 SCHWALBE； Professor of Anatomy in the University of Strassburg。
VIII。 CHARLES DARWIN AS AN ANTHROPOLOGIST： ERNST HAECKEL； Professor of Zoology in the University of Jena。
IX。 SOME PRIMITIVE THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF MAN： J。G。 FRAZER； Fellow of Trinity College； Cambridge。
X。 THE INFLUENCE OF DARWIN ON THE STUDY OF ANIMAL EMBRYOLOGY： A。 SEDGWICK； Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of Cambridge。
XI。 THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL RECORD。 I。 ANIMALS： W。B。 SCOTT； Professor of Geology in the University of Princeton。
XII。 THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL RECORD。 II。 PLANTS： D。H。 SCOTT； President of the Linnean Society of London。
XIII。 THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE FORMS OF PLANTS： GEORG KLEBS； Professor of Botany in the University of Heidelberg。
XIV。 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON ANIMALS： JACQUES LOEB； Professor of Physiology in the University of California。
XV。 THE VALUE OF COLOUR IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE： E。B。 POULTON； Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford。
XVI。 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS： SIR WILLIAM THISELTON…DYER。
XVII。 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS： HANS GADOW； Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge。
XVIII。 DARWIN AND GEOLOGY： J。W。 JUDD。
XIX。 DARWIN'S WORK ON THE MOVEMENTS OF PLANTS： FRANCIS DARWIN。
XX。 THE BIOLOGY OF FLOWERS： K。 GOEBEL； Professor of Botany in the University of Munich。
XXI。 MENTAL FACTORS IN EVOLUTION： C。 LLOYD MORGAN； Professor of Psychology at University College； Bristol。
XXII。 THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONCEPTION OF EVOLUTION ON MODERN PHILOSOPHY： H。 HOFFDING； Professor of Philosophy in the University of Copenhagen。
XXIII。 DARWINISM AND SOCIOLOGY： C。 BOUGLE； Professor of Social Philosophy in the University of Toulouse； and Deputy…Professor at the Sorbonne； Paris。
XXIV。 THE INFLUENCE OF DARWIN UPON RELIGIOUS THOUGHT： REV。 P。N。 WAGGETT。
XXV。 THE INFLUENCE OF DARWINISM ON THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS： JANE ELLEN HARRISON； Staff…Lecturer and sometime Fellow of Newnham College； Cambridge。
XXVI。 EVOLUTION AND THE SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE： P。 GILES； Reader in Comparative Philology in the University of Cambridge。
XXVII。 DARWINISM AND HISTORY： J。B。 BURY； Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge。
XXVIII。 THE GENESIS OF DOUBLE STARS： SIR GEORGE DARWIN； Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy in the University of Cambridge。
XXIX。 THE EVOLUTION OF MATTER： W。C。D。 WHETHAM； Fellow of Trinity College； Cambridge。
INDEX。
DATES OF THE PUBLICATION Of CHARLES DARWIN'S BOOKS AND OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN HIS LIFE
1809：
Charles Darwin born at Shrewsbury； February 12。
1817：
〃At 8 1/2 years old I went to Mr Case's school。〃 （A day…school at Shrewsbury kept by the Rev G。 Case； Minister of the Unitarian Chapel。）
1818：
〃I was at school at Shrewsbury under a great scholar； Dr Butler； I learnt absolutely nothing； except by amusing myself by reading and experimenting in Chemistry。〃
1825：
〃As I was doing no good at school； my father wisely took me away at a rather earlier age than usual； and sent me （Oct。 1825） to Edinburgh University with my brother； where I stayed for two years。〃
1828：
Began residence at Christ's College； Cambridge。
〃I went to Cambridge early in the year 1828； and soon became acquainted with Professor Henslow。。。Nothing could be more simple； cordial and unpretending than the encouragement which he afforded to all young naturalists。〃
〃During the three years which I spent at Cambridge my time was wasted； as far as the academical studies were concerned； as completely as at Edinburgh and at school。〃
〃In order to pass the B。A。 Examination； it was。。。necessary to get up Paley's 'Evidences of Christianity；' and his 'Moral Philosophy'。。。The careful study of these works； without attempting to learn any part by rote； was the only part of the academical course which。。。was of the least use to me in the education of my mind。〃
1831：
Passed the examination for the B。A。 degree in January and kept the following terms。
〃I gained a good place among the oi polloi or crowd of men who do not go in for honours。〃
〃I am very busy；。。。and see a great deal of Henslow； whom I do not know whether I love or respect most。〃
Dec。 27。 〃Sailed from England on our circumnavigation；〃 in H。M。S。 〃Beagle〃； a barque of 235 tons carrying 6 guns； under Capt。 FitzRoy。
〃There is indeed a tide in the affairs of men。〃
1836：
Oct。 4。 〃Reached Shrewsbury after absence of 5 years and 2 days。〃
〃You cannot imagine how gloriously delightful my first visit was at home； it was worth the banishment。〃
Dec。 13。 Went to live at Cambridge （Fitzwilliam Street）。
〃The only evil I found in Cambridge was its being too pleasant。〃
1837：
〃On my return home （in the 'Beagle'） in the autumn of 1836 I immediately began to prepare my journal for publication； and then saw how many facts indicated the common descent of species。。。In July （1837） I opened my first note…book for facts in relation to the Origin of Species； about which I had long reflected； and never ceased working for the next twenty years。。。Had been greatly struck from about the month of previous March on character of South American fossils； and species on Galapagos Archipelago。 These facts （especially latter）； origin of all my views。〃
〃On March 7； 1837 I took lodgings in （36） Great Marlborough Street in London； and remained there for nearly two years； until I was married。〃
1838：
〃In October； that is fifteen months after I had begun my systematic enquiry； I happened to read for amusement 'Malthus on Population；' and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long…continued observation of the habits of animals and plants； it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved； and unfavourable ones to be destroyed。 The result of this would be the formation of new species。 Here then I had at last got a theory by which to work； but I was so anxious to avoid prejudice； that I determined not for some time to write even the briefest sketch of it。〃
1839：
Married at Maer （Staffordshire） to his first cousin Emma Wedgwood； daughter of Josiah Wedgwood。
〃I marvel at my good fortune that she； so infinitely my superior in every single moral quality； consented to be my wife。 She has been my wise adviser and cheerful comforter throughout life； which without her would have been during a very long period a miserable one from ill…health。 She has earned the love of every soul near her〃 （Autobiography）。
Dec。 31。 〃Entered 12 Upper Gower street〃 （now 110 Gower street； London）。 〃There never was so good a house for me； and I devoutly trust you （his future wife） will approve of it equally。 The little garden is worth its weight in gold。〃
Published 〃Journal and Researches〃； being Vol。 III。 of the 〃Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of H。M。S。 'Adventure' and 'Beagle'〃。。。
Publication of the 〃Zoology of the Voyage of H。M。S。 'Beagle'〃； Part II。； 〃Mammalia〃； by G。R。 Waterhouse； with a 〃Notice of their habits and ranges〃； by Charles Darwin。
1840：
Contributed Geological Introduction to Part I。 （〃Fossil Mammalia〃） of the 〃Zoology of the Voyage of H。M。S。 'Beagle'〃 by Richard Owen。
1842：
〃In June 1842 I first allowed myself the satisfaction of writing a very brief abstract of my （species） theory in pencil in 35 pages； and this was enlarged during the summer of 1844 into one of 230 pages； which I had fairly copied out and still （1876） possess。〃 （The first draft of 〃The Origin of Species〃； edited by Mr Francis Darwin； will be published this year （1909） by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press。）
Sept。 14。 Settled at the village of Down in Kent。
〃I think I was never in a more perfectly quiet country。〃
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