the crisis in russia(¶í¹úΣ»ú)-µÚ8ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
the¡¡villages¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Those¡¡enterprises¡¡which¡¡are¡¡situated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡corn¡¡districts¡¡are¡¡
naturally¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡offer¡¡¡¡better¡¡¡¡conditions£»¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡sake¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡workmen¡¡
are¡¡ready¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡leave¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡jobs¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡skilled¡¡¡¡¡¡workmen¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡unskilled¡¡¡¡¡¡work£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡drainage¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡workmen¡¡¡¡¡¡away¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
hungry¡¡central¡¡industrial¡¡districts¡¡where¡¡they¡¡are¡¡most¡¡of¡¡all¡¡needed¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Summing¡¡up¡¡the¡¡facts¡¡collected¡¡in¡¡this¡¡chapter¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡first¡¡on¡¡the¡¡
lack¡¡of¡¡things¡¡and¡¡the¡¡lack¡¡of¡¡men£»¡¡I¡¡think¡¡the¡¡economic¡¡crisis¡¡in¡¡Russia¡¡
may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fairly¡¡¡¡¡¡stated¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡follows£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Owing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡appalling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡condition¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Russian¡¡transport£»¡¡and¡¡owing¡¡to¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡since¡¡1914¡¡Russia¡¡has¡¡been¡¡
practically¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡state¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡blockade£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡towns¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡lost¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
supplying£»¡¡either¡¡as¡¡middlemen¡¡or¡¡as¡¡producers£»¡¡the¡¡simplest¡¡needs¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
villages¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Partly¡¡¡¡owing¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡this£»¡¡¡¡¡¡partly¡¡¡¡¡¡again¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡condition¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
transport£»¡¡the¡¡towns¡¡are¡¡not¡¡receiving¡¡the¡¡necessaries¡¡of¡¡life¡¡in¡¡sufficient¡¡
quantities¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡result¡¡of¡¡this¡¡is¡¡a¡¡serious¡¡fall¡¡in¡¡the¡¡productivity¡¡of¡¡labor£»¡¡
and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡steady¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡flow¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡skilled¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡unskilled¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡workmen¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡towns¡¡
towards¡¡the¡¡villages£»¡¡and¡¡from¡¡employments¡¡the¡¡exercise¡¡of¡¡which¡¡tends¡¡to¡¡
assist¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡towns¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡recovering¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡position¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡essential¡¡¡¡¡¡sources¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
supply¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡employments¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡tend¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡opposite¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡effect¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡this¡¡
continues¡¡unchecked£»¡¡it¡¡will¡¡make¡¡impossible¡¡the¡¡regeneration¡¡of¡¡Russian¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡21¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡22¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡
industry£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡increasing¡¡¡¡¡¡independence¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡villages£»¡¡
which¡¡will¡¡tend¡¡to¡¡become¡¡entirely¡¡self¡supporting¡¡communities£»¡¡tilling¡¡the¡¡
ground¡¡in¡¡a¡¡less¡¡and¡¡less¡¡efficient¡¡manner£»¡¡with¡¡ruder¡¡tools£»¡¡with¡¡less¡¡and¡¡
less¡¡incentive¡¡to¡¡produce¡¡more¡¡than¡¡is¡¡wanted¡¡for¡¡the¡¡needs¡¡of¡¡the¡¡village¡¡
itself¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia£»¡¡in¡¡these¡¡circumstances£»¡¡may¡¡sink¡¡into¡¡something¡¡very¡¡like¡¡
barbarism£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡decay¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡economic¡¡¡¡¡¡importance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡towns¡¡
would¡¡¡¡¡¡decay¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡authority£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡booting¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡large¡¡
scale¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡profitable¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡dangerous¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
possible£»¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt£»¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡foreigners¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡trade¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Russians¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
natives¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cannibal¡¡islands£»¡¡bartering¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡looking¡glasses¡¡and¡¡cheap¡¡tools£»¡¡
but£»¡¡should¡¡such¡¡a¡¡state¡¡of¡¡things¡¡come¡¡to¡¡be£»¡¡it¡¡would¡¡mean¡¡long¡¡years¡¡of¡¡
colonization£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡possibilities¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡risks¡¡¡¡¡¡involved¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
subjugation¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡free¡¡¡¡¡¡people£»¡¡¡¡¡¡before¡¡¡¡¡¡Western¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe¡¡¡¡¡¡could¡¡¡¡¡¡count¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡
more¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡getting¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡considerable¡¡¡¡¡¡portion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡food¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡Russian¡¡¡¡¡¡corn¡¡
lands¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡position£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tendencies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡
opposed¡¡to¡¡these¡¡tendencies¡¡are¡¡the¡¡united¡¡efforts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Communists¡¡and¡¡
of¡¡those¡¡who£»¡¡leaving¡¡the¡¡question¡¡of¡¡Communism¡¡discreetly¡¡aside£»¡¡work¡¡
with¡¡them¡¡for¡¡the¡¡sake¡¡of¡¡preventing¡¡such¡¡collapse¡¡of¡¡Russian¡¡civilization¡£¡¡
They¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡recognize¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡existence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tendencies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡have¡¡
described£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡are¡¡convinced¡¡that¡¡every¡¡one¡¡of¡¡these¡¡tendencies¡¡will¡¡
be¡¡arrested¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡the¡¡country¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡not¡¡conquer¡¡the¡¡town¡¡but¡¡the¡¡reverse¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡far¡¡from¡¡expecting¡¡the¡¡
unproductive¡¡¡¡¡¡stagnation¡¡¡¡¡¡described¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡¡¡paragraph£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡think¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
Russia¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡food¡¡¡¡¡¡supply¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Europe£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists¡¡
among¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡believe¡¡¡¡¡¡will£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡made¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Working¡¡
Men's¡¡Republics¡¨¡¡£¨though£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡sake¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡Republic£»¡¡they¡¡are¡¡not¡¡
inclined¡¡to¡¡postpone¡¡trade¡¡with¡¡Europe¡¡until¡¡that¡¡epoch¡¡arrives£©¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡the¡¡
very¡¡time¡¡when¡¡spades¡¡and¡¡sickles¡¡are¡¡wearing¡¡out¡¡or¡¡worn¡¡out£»¡¡these¡¡men¡¡
are¡¡¡¡¡¡determined¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡food¡¡¡¡¡¡output¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia¡¡¡¡¡¡shall¡¡¡¡¡¡sooner¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡later¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
increased¡¡by¡¡the¡¡introduction¡¡of¡¡better¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡agriculture¡¡and¡¡farming¡¡
on¡¡a¡¡larger¡¡scale¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡are¡¡witnessing¡¡in¡¡Russia¡¡the¡¡first¡¡stages¡¡of¡¡a¡¡titanic¡¡
struggle£»¡¡with¡¡on¡¡one¡¡side¡¡all¡¡the¡¡forces¡¡of¡¡nature¡¡leading¡¡apparently¡¡to¡¡an¡¡
inevitable¡¡¡¡¡¡collapse¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡civilization£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡other¡¡¡¡side¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡22¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡23¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡
incalculable¡¡force¡¡of¡¡human¡¡will¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡COMMUNIST¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DICTATORSHIP¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡How¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡expressed£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡organization¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡welded¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡
adversity¡¡¡¡¡¡which£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡crisis£»¡¡¡¡¡¡supersedes¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviet¡¡¡¡¡¡Constitution£»¡¡
and¡¡stands¡¡between¡¡this¡¡people¡¡and¡¡chaos£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡commonplace¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡ruled£»¡¡¡¡driven¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡like£»¡¡
cold£»¡¡starving¡¡as¡¡she¡¡is£»¡¡to¡¡effort¡¡after¡¡effort¡¡by¡¡the¡¡dictatorship¡¡of¡¡a¡¡party¡£¡¡
It¡¡is¡¡a¡¡commonplace¡¡alike¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mouths¡¡of¡¡those¡¡who¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡
continued¡¡existence¡¡of¡¡that¡¡organization¡¡impossible¡¡and¡¡in¡¡the¡¡mouths¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡second¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡congress¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Third¡¡
International£»¡¡Trotsky¡¡¡¡remarked¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨A¡¡¡¡party¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡such£»¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
development¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡revolution£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡becomes¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡identical¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡revolution¡£¡¨¡¡
Lenin£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡same¡¡occasion£»¡¡replying¡¡to¡¡a¡¡critic¡¡who¡¡said¡¡that¡¡he¡¡differed¡¡
from£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡understanding¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡meant¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Dictatorship¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Proletariat£»¡¡said£»¡¡¡¡¡¨He¡¡¡¡says¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡we¡¡understand¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡
words¡¡'Dictatorship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Proletariat'¡¡what¡¡is¡¡actually¡¡the¡¡dictatorship¡¡of¡¡
its¡¡determined¡¡and¡¡conscious¡¡minority¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡that¡¡is¡¡the¡¡fact¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Later¡¡he¡¡
asked£»¡¡¡¨What¡¡is¡¡this¡¡minority£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡may¡¡be¡¡called¡¡a¡¡party¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡this¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡minority¡¡is¡¡actually¡¡conscious£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡able¡¡to¡¡draw¡¡the¡¡masses¡¡after¡¡it£»¡¡
if¡¡it¡¡shows¡¡itself¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡replying¡¡to¡¡every¡¡question¡¡on¡¡the¡¡agenda¡¡list¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡political¡¡day£»¡¡it¡¡actually¡¡constitutes¡¡a¡¡party¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡Trotsky¡¡again£»¡¡on¡¡
the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡occasion£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡illustrated¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡relative¡¡¡¡¡¡positions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Soviet¡¡
Constitution¡¡and¡¡the¡¡Communist¡¡Party¡¡when¡¡he¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨And¡¡today£»¡¡now¡¡that¡¡
we¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡received¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡offer¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡peace¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Polish¡¡¡¡¡¡Government£»¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡
decides¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡question£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whither¡¡¡¡are¡¡the¡¡¡¡workers¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡turn£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡We¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡
Council¡¡of¡¡People's¡¡Commissaries£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡but¡¡that£»¡¡too£»¡¡must¡¡be¡¡under¡¡
a¡¡certain¡¡control¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Whose¡¡control£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡control¡¡of¡¡the¡¡working¡¡class¡¡as¡¡a¡¡
formless¡¡chaotic¡¡mass£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡£¡¡The¡¡Central¡¡Committee¡¡of¡¡the¡¡party¡¡is¡¡called¡¡
together¡¡to¡¡discuss¡¡and¡¡decide¡¡the¡¡question¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡when¡¡we¡¡have¡¡to¡¡wage¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡23¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡24¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡
war£»¡¡to¡¡form¡¡new¡¡divisions£»¡¡to¡¡find¡¡the¡¡best¡¡elements¡¡for¡¡them¡to¡¡whom¡¡do¡¡
we¡¡turn£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡the¡¡party£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Committee¡£¡¡And¡¡it¡¡gives¡¡directives¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡local¡¡¡¡¡¡committees£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡'Send¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡front¡£'¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡case¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡
precisely¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡Agrarian¡¡¡¡¡¡question£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡supply£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
with¡¡all¡¡other¡¡questions¡¡whatsoever¡£¡¨¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡denies¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡facts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡mere¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡statement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡quite¡¡
inadequate¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡explain¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡done¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡how¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡
done¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not¡¡think¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡waste¡¡of¡¡time¡¡to¡¡set¡¡down¡¡as¡¡briefly¡¡as¡¡
possible£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡comments¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡praise¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡blame¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
inevitable¡¡from¡¡one¡¡primarily¡¡i