the crisis in russia(¶í¹úΣ»ú)-µÚ20ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
for¡¡a¡¡performance¡¡of¡¡¡¨The¡¡Father¡¡and¡¡his¡¡Son£»¡¨¡¡a¡¡drama¡¡which£»¡¡he¡¡assured¡¡
us¡¡with¡¡tears¡¡in¡¡his¡¡eyes£»¡¡was¡¡so¡¡thrilling¡¡that¡¡we¡¡should¡¡not¡¡regret¡¡being¡¡
late¡¡for¡¡our¡¡appointments¡¡if¡¡we¡¡stayed¡¡to¡¡witness¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Another¡¡wagon¡¡is¡¡
fitted¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡electric¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡station£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡lighting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡train£»¡¡¡¡working¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
kinematograph¡¡and¡¡the¡¡printing¡¡machine£»etc¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡clean¡¡little¡¡
kitchen¡¡and¡¡dining¡room£»¡¡where£»¡¡before¡¡being¡¡kinematographed¡a¡¡horrible¡¡
experience¡¡when¡¡one¡¡is¡¡first¡¡quite¡¡seriously¡¡begged¡¡£¨of¡¡course¡¡by¡¡Burov£©¡¡
to¡¡¡¡¡¡assume¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡expression¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡intelligent¡¡¡¡¡¡interest¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡soup£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡plate¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡
meat¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡cabbage£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡tea¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡wagon¡¡¡¡¡¡bookshop£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where£»¡¡
while¡¡customers¡¡buy¡¡books£»¡¡a¡¡gramophone¡¡sings¡¡the¡¡revolutionary¡¡songs¡¡
of¡¡Demian¡¡Bledny£»¡¡or¡¡speaks¡¡with¡¡the¡¡eloquence¡¡ofTrotsky¡¡or¡¡the¡¡logic¡¡of¡¡
Lenin¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Other¡¡wagons¡¡are¡¡the¡¡living¡rooms¡¡of¡¡the¡¡personnel£»¡¡divided¡¡up¡¡
according¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡duties¡political£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡military£»¡¡¡¡¡¡instructional£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡forth¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡54¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡55¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡
For¡¡the¡¡train¡¡has¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡merely¡¡¡¡an¡¡agitational¡¡¡¡¡¡purpose¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡carries¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡
staff¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡advice¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡local¡¡¡¡¡¡authorities£»¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡explain¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡has¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡
understood£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡in¡¡every¡¡way¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡the¡¡ideas¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Centre¡¡quickly¡¡to¡¡
the¡¡backwoods¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Republic¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡works¡¡also¡¡in¡¡the¡¡opposite¡¡direction£»¡¡
helping¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡voice¡¡of¡¡the¡¡backwoods¡¡heard¡¡at¡¡Moscow¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡
illustrated¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡painted¡¡¡¡¡¡pillar¡box¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wagons£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡slot¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡
letters£»¡¡¡¡¡¡labelled£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨For¡¡¡¡¡¡Complaits¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Every¡¡¡¡¡¡Kind¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Anybody¡¡¡¡¡¡anywhere¡¡
who¡¡has¡¡grievance£»¡¡thinks¡¡he¡¡is¡¡being¡¡unfairly¡¡treated£»¡¡or¡¡has¡¡a¡¡suggestion¡¡
to¡¡make£»¡¡can¡¡speak¡¡with¡¡the¡¡Centre¡¡in¡¡this¡¡way¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡the¡¡train¡¡is¡¡on¡¡a¡¡
voyage¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡telegrams¡¡announce¡¡its¡¡arrival¡¡beforehand£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡local¡¡Soviets¡¡can¡¡
make¡¡full¡¡use¡¡of¡¡its¡¡advantages£»¡¡arranging¡¡meetings£»¡¡kinematograph¡¡shows£»¡¡
lectures¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡arrives£»¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡amazing¡¡¡¡¡¡picture¡¡¡¡¡¡train£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡proceeds¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡publish¡¡
and¡¡distribute¡¡its¡¡newspapers£»¡¡sell¡¡its¡¡books¡¡£¨the¡¡bookshop£»¡¡they¡¡tell¡¡me£»¡¡is¡¡
literally¡¡stormed¡¡at¡¡every¡¡stopping¡¡place£©£»¡¡send¡¡books¡¡and¡¡posters¡¡for¡¡forty¡¡
versts¡¡on¡¡either¡¡side¡¡of¡¡the¡¡line¡¡with¡¡the¡¡motor¡cars¡¡which¡¡it¡¡carries¡¡with¡¡it£»¡¡
and¡¡enliven¡¡the¡¡population¡¡with¡¡its¡¡kinematograph¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡doubt¡¡if¡¡a¡¡more¡¡effective¡¡instrument¡¡of¡¡propaganda¡¡has¡¡ever¡¡been¡¡
devised¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡in¡¡considering¡¡the¡¡question¡¡whether¡¡or¡¡no¡¡the¡¡Russians¡¡will¡¡
be¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡able¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡organizing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡military¡¡¡¡¡¡defence¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡tackle¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡similar¡¡
comparative¡¡success¡¡the¡¡much¡¡more¡¡difficult¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡industrial¡¡rebirth£»¡¡
the¡¡existence¡¡of¡¡such¡¡instruments£»¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡such¡¡propaganda¡¡is¡¡a¡¡factor¡¡
not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡neglected¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡spring¡¡of¡¡this¡¡year£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡civil¡¡war¡¡seemed¡¡
to¡¡be¡¡ending£»¡¡when¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡general¡¡belief¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Poles¡¡would¡¡accept¡¡
the¡¡peace¡¡that¡¡Russia¡¡offered¡¡£¨they¡¡ignored¡¡this¡¡offer£»¡¡advanced£»¡¡took¡¡Kiev£»¡¡
were¡¡driven¡¡back¡¡to¡¡Warsaw£»¡¡advanced¡¡again£»¡¡and¡¡finally¡¡agreed¡¡to¡¡terms¡¡
which¡¡they¡¡could¡¡have¡¡had¡¡in¡¡March¡¡without¡¡bloodshed¡¡any¡¡kind£©£»¡¡two¡¡of¡¡
these¡¡propaganda¡¡trains¡¡were¡¡already¡¡being¡¡repainted¡¡with¡¡a¡¡new¡¡purpose¡£¡¡
It¡¡was¡¡hoped¡¡that¡¡in¡¡the¡¡near¡¡future¡¡all¡¡five¡¡trains¡¡would¡¡be¡¡explaining¡¡not¡¡
the¡¡need¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡but¡¡the¡¡need¡¡to¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Undoubtedly£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡first¡¡possible¡¡
moment£»¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡machinery¡¡of¡¡agitation£»¡¡of¡¡posters£»¡¡of¡¡broadsheets¡¡and¡¡
of¡¡trains£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡turned¡¡over¡¡to¡¡the¡¡task¡¡of¡¡explaining¡¡the¡¡Government's¡¡
plans¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡reconstruction£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡need¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡extraordinary¡¡¡¡¡¡concentration£»¡¡
now¡¡on¡¡transport£»¡¡now¡¡on¡¡something¡¡else£»¡¡that¡¡these¡¡plans¡¡involve¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡55¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡56¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SATURDAYINGS¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡much¡¡for¡¡the¡¡organization£»¡¡with¡¡its¡¡Communist¡¡Party£»¡¡its¡¡system¡¡of¡¡
meetings¡¡and¡¡counter¡meetings£»¡¡its¡¡adapted¡¡Trades¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Unions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡infinitely¡¡¡¡¡¡various¡¡¡¡¡¡propaganda£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡doing¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡best¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡
make¡¡headway¡¡against¡¡ruin¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡want¡¡now¡¡to¡¡describe¡¡however¡¡briefly£»¡¡the¡¡
methods¡¡it¡¡has¡¡adopted¡¡in¡¡tackling¡¡the¡¡worst¡¡of¡¡all¡¡Russia's¡¡problems¡the¡¡
non¡productivity¡¡and¡¡absolute¡¡shortage¡¡of¡¡labor¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡find¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡analogy¡¡between¡¡these¡¡methods¡¡and¡¡those¡¡which¡¡we¡¡
used¡¡in¡¡England¡¡in¡¡tackling¡¡the¡¡similar¡¡cumulative¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡finding¡¡men¡¡
for¡¡war¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Just¡¡as¡¡we¡¡did¡¡not¡¡proceed¡¡at¡¡once¡¡to¡¡conscription£»¡¡but¡¡began¡¡by¡¡
a¡¡great¡¡propaganda¡¡of¡¡voluntary¡¡effort£»¡¡so¡¡the¡¡Communists£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡faced¡¡with¡¡a¡¡
need¡¡at¡¡least¡¡equally¡¡vital£»¡¡did¡¡not¡¡turn¡¡at¡¡once¡¡to¡¡industrial¡¡conscription¡£¡¡
It¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡understood¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beginning¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists¡¡¡¡¡¡themselves¡¡
were¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡set¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡example¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡hard¡¡¡¡¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡dare¡¡¡¡say¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡considerable¡¡
proportion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡did¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Every¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡factory¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡little¡¡¡¡Communist¡¡
Committee£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡supposed¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡leaven¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡factory¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡enthusiasm£»¡¡
just¡¡as¡¡similar¡¡groups¡¡of¡¡Communists¡¡drafted¡¡into¡¡the¡¡armies¡¡in¡¡moments¡¡
of¡¡extreme¡¡danger¡¡did£»¡¡on¡¡more¡¡than¡¡one¡¡occasion£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡non¡Communist¡¡
Commander¡in¡Chief¡¡¡¡¡¡admits£»¡¡¡¡turn¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡rout¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡stand¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡snatch¡¡¡¡¡¡victory¡¡
from¡¡what¡¡looked¡¡perilously¡¡like¡¡defeat¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡this¡¡was¡¡not¡¡enough£»¡¡arrears¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡accumulated£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡enthusiasm¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡waned£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡productivity¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡decreased£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡
some¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡move¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡obviously¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡¡¡move¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡
direction¡¡of¡¡industrial¡¡conscription£»¡¡although¡¡no¡¡one¡¡perceived¡¡its¡¡tendency¡¡
at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡inauguration¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡known¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡
¡¨Saturdayings¡¨¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Early¡¡in¡¡1919¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Committee¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Communist¡¡Party¡¡put¡¡out¡¡
a¡¡circular¡¡letter£»¡¡calling¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡Communists¡¡¡¨to¡¡work¡¡revolutionally£»¡¨¡¡to¡¡
emulate¡¡in¡¡the¡¡rear¡¡the¡¡heroism¡¡of¡¡their¡¡brothers¡¡on¡¡the¡¡front£»¡¡pointing¡¡out¡¡
that¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡nothing¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡determined¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡efforts¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡increase¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡
productivity¡¡of¡¡labor¡¡would¡¡enable¡¡Russia¡¡to¡¡win¡¡through¡¡her¡¡difficulties¡¡
of¡¡¡¡¡¡transport£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡etc¡£¡¡¡¡Kolchak£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡quote¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡newspapers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡56¡¡
¡¡¡Page¡¡57¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡
¡¨sweeping¡¡on¡¡to¡¡Moscow£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡the¡¡situation¡¡was¡¡pretty¡¡threatening¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡a¡¡
direct¡¡¡¡¡¡result¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡letter£»¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡May¡¡¡¡7th£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡meeting¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
sub¡district¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Moscow¡Kazan¡¡railway¡¡passed¡¡a¡¡resolution¡¡that£»¡¡in¡¡view¡¡
of¡¡the¡¡imminent¡¡danger¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Republic£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists¡¡and¡¡their¡¡sympathizers¡¡should¡¡give¡¡up¡¡an¡¡hour¡¡a¡¡day¡¡of¡¡
their¡¡¡¡¡¡leisure£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and£»¡¡¡¡¡¡lumping¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡hours¡¡¡¡¡¡together£»¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡¡¡Saturday¡¡¡¡¡¡six¡¡
hours¡¡of¡¡manual¡¡labor£»¡¡and£»¡¡further£»¡¡that¡¡these¡¡Communist¡¡¡¨Saturdayings¡¨¡¡
should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡continued¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨until¡¡¡¡¡¡complete¡¡¡¡¡¡victory¡¡¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡¡¡Kolchak¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
assured¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡a¡¡local¡¡committee¡¡was¡¡the¡¡actual¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡
a¡¡¡¡¡¡movement¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡spread¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡over¡¡¡¡Russia£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡complete¡¡
victory¡¡over¡¡Kolchak¡¡was¡¡long¡¡ago¡¡obtained£»¡¡is¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡continue¡¡so¡¡long¡¡
as¡¡Soviet¡¡Russia¡¡is¡¡threatened¡¡by¡¡any¡¡one¡¡else¡£¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡decision¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡put¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡effect¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡May¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡10th£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡first¡¡
Communist¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Saturdaying¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡Russia¡¡¡¡¡¡took¡¡¡¡¡¡place¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Moscow¡Kazan¡¡
railway¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Commissar¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡railway£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Communist¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡clerks¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
offices£»¡¡and¡¡every¡¡one¡¡else¡¡who¡¡wished¡¡to¡¡help£»¡¡marched¡¡to¡¡work£»¡¡182¡¡in¡¡
all£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡put¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡1£»012¡¡¡¡¡¡hours¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡manual¡¡¡¡¡¡labor£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡finished¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡
repairs¡¡of¡¡four¡¡locomotives¡¡and¡¡sixteen¡¡wagons¡¡and¡¡loaded¡¡and¡¡u