±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > the crisis in russia(¶í¹úΣ»ú) >

µÚ11ÕÂ

the crisis in russia(¶í¹úΣ»ú)-µÚ11ÕÂ

С˵£º the crisis in russia(¶í¹úΣ»ú) ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




decide¡¡for¡¡him¡£¡¡These¡¡Committees¡¡decide¡¡the¡¡use¡¡that¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡made¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

lives£»¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡rank¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡file¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡party£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡own¡¡

members¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Even¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡member¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Central¡¡¡¡¡¡Committee¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡escape¡£¡¡

He¡¡may¡¡be¡¡voted¡¡by¡¡his¡¡fellow¡¡members¡¡into¡¡leaving¡¡a¡¡job¡¡he¡¡likes¡¡and¡¡

taking¡¡up¡¡another¡¡he¡¡detests¡¡in¡¡which¡¡they¡¡think¡¡his¡¡particular¡¡talents¡¡will¡¡

better¡¡serve¡¡the¡¡party¡¡aims¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡become¡¡a¡¡member¡¡of¡¡the¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Communist¡¡Party¡¡involves¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡intellectual¡¡abdication£»¡¡or£»¡¡to¡¡put¡¡

it¡¡differently£»¡¡a¡¡readiness¡¡at¡¡any¡¡moment¡¡to¡¡place¡¡the¡¡collective¡¡wisdom¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡party's¡¡Committee¡¡above¡¡one's¡¡individual¡¡instincts¡¡or¡¡ideas¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡may¡¡

influence¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡decisions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡get¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡endorse¡¡¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡¡¡own£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡

Lenin¡¡himself£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡were¡¡to¡¡fail¡¡on¡¡any¡¡occasion¡¡to¡¡obtain¡¡the¡¡agreement¡¡

of¡¡a¡¡majority¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Committee£»¡¡would¡¡have¡¡to¡¡do¡¡precisely¡¡what¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡29¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡30¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡



the¡¡¡¡¡¡Committee¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tell¡¡¡¡him¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Lenin's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡carries¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡weight¡¡

because¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡Lenin£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡carries¡¡¡¡¡¡less¡¡¡¡¡¡weight¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Central¡¡

Committee£»¡¡of¡¡which¡¡he¡¡forms¡¡a¡¡nineteenth¡¡part¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡On¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡the¡¡

opinion¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Lenin¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡small¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡group¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡outstanding¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡figures¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

supported¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡prestige¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡inside¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Committee£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Committee¡¡is¡¡supported¡¡by¡¡overwhelming¡¡prestige¡¡among¡¡the¡¡rank¡¡and¡¡file¡£¡¡

The¡¡result¡¡is¡¡that¡¡this¡¡small¡¡group¡¡is¡¡nearly¡¡always¡¡sure¡¡of¡¡being¡¡able¡¡to¡¡

use¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡whole¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡vote¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡600£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Communists£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡realization¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡its¡¡

decisions¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Now¡¡600£»000¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women¡¡acting¡¡on¡¡the¡¡instructions¡¡of¡¡a¡¡highly¡¡

centralized¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡directive£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡important¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡decisions¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡

thrashed¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡re¡­thrashed¡¡¡¡¡¡until¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡general¡¡¡¡¡¡support¡¡¡¡¡¡within¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

party£»¡¡600£»000¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women¡¡prepared£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡to¡¡vote¡¡in¡¡support¡¡of¡¡

these¡¡¡¡¡¡decisions£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡carefully¡¡¡¡¡¡fostered¡¡¡¡¡¡readiness¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡sacrifice¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

lives¡¡for¡¡them¡¡if¡¡necessary£»¡¡600£»000¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women¡¡who¡¡are¡¡persuaded¡¡

that¡¡by¡¡their¡¡way¡¡alone¡¡is¡¡humanity¡¡to¡¡be¡¡saved£»¡¡who¡¡are¡¡persuaded¡¡£¨to¡¡put¡¡

it¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡cynically¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡unsympathetically¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡possible£©¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡noblest¡¡¡¡¡¡death¡¡

one¡¡can¡¡die¡¡is¡¡in¡¡carrying¡¡out¡¡a¡¡decision¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Committee£»¡¡such¡¡a¡¡

body£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡country¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡Russia£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡enormously¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡strong¡¡

embodiment¡¡of¡¡human¡¡will£»¡¡an¡¡instrument¡¡of¡¡struggle¡¡capable¡¡of¡¡working¡¡

something¡¡very¡¡like¡¡miracles¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡can¡¡be¡¡and¡¡is¡¡controlled¡¡like¡¡an¡¡army¡¡in¡¡

battle¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡can¡¡mobilize¡¡its¡¡members£»¡¡10¡¡per¡¡cent¡£¡¡of¡¡them£»¡¡50¡¡per¡¡cent¡££»¡¡

the¡¡local¡¡Committees¡¡choosing¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡send¡¡them¡¡to¡¡the¡¡front¡¡when¡¡the¡¡

front¡¡is¡¡in¡¡danger£»¡¡or¡¡to¡¡the¡¡railways¡¡and¡¡repair¡¡shops¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡decided¡¡

that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡weakest¡¡¡¡¡¡point¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡transport¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡task¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡fight¡¡

those¡¡organizations¡¡of¡¡loosely¡¡knit¡¡and¡¡only¡¡momentarily¡¡united¡¡interests¡¡

which¡¡are¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡those¡¡jerry¡­built¡¡alliances¡¡of¡¡Reactionaries¡¡with¡¡

Liberals£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡­Indivisible¡­Russians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡Ukrainians£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Agrarians¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡

Sugar¡­Refiners£»¡¡Monarchists¡¡with¡¡Republicans£»¡¡that¡¡task¡¡would¡¡long¡¡ago¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡been¡¡finished¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡it¡¡has¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡something¡¡infinitely¡¡stronger¡¡

than¡¡these¡¡in¡¡fighting¡¡the¡¡economic¡¡ruin¡¡of¡¡Russia£»¡¡which£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡too¡¡strong£»¡¡

too¡¡powerful¡¡to¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡arrested¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Communists£»¡¡would¡¡make¡¡short¡¡work¡¡

of¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡without¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡fanatic¡¡¡¡¡¡single¡­minded¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡perfectly¡¡

disciplined¡¡organization¡£¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡30¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡31¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡CONFERENCE¡¡AT¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡JAROSLAVL¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡already¡¡suggested¡¡that¡¡although¡¡the¡¡small¡¡Central¡¡Committee¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡Communist¡¡Party¡¡does¡¡invariably¡¡get¡¡its¡¡own¡¡way£»¡¡there¡¡are¡¡essential¡¡

differences¡¡between¡¡this¡¡Dictatorship¡¡and¡¡the¡¡dictatorship¡¡of£»¡¡for¡¡example£»¡¡

a¡¡General¡£¡¡The¡¡main¡¡difference¡¡is¡¡that¡¡whereas¡¡the¡¡General¡¡merely¡¡writes¡¡

an¡¡order¡¡about¡¡which¡¡most¡¡people¡¡hear¡¡for¡¡the¡¡first¡¡time¡¡only¡¡when¡¡it¡¡is¡¡

promulgated£»¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Committee¡¡prepares¡¡the¡¡way¡¡for¡¡its¡¡dictation¡¡by¡¡a¡¡

most¡¡¡¡¡¡elaborate¡¡¡¡¡¡series¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡discussions¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡counter¡¡¡¡¡¡discussions¡¡¡¡¡¡throughout¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡country£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡whereby¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡wins¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡bulk¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Communist¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Party¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡its¡¡

opinion£»¡¡after¡¡which¡¡it¡¡proceeds¡¡through¡¡local¡¡and¡¡general¡¡congresses¡¡to¡¡do¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Trades¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Unions¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡This¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡done£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡further¡¡¡¡¡¡series¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

propaganda¡¡¡¡¡¡meetings¡¡¡¡¡¡among¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡actually¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡affected¡¡¡¡¡¡smooths¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡way¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡introduction¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡whatever¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡measure¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡being¡¡¡¡¡¡carried¡¡

through¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡moment¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡talk£»¡¡¡¡¡¡besides¡¡¡¡¡¡lessening¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡amount¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

physical¡¡¡¡¡¡force¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡carrying¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡decision£»¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡avoid£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

least¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡part£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡deadening¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡effect¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡caused¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡mere¡¡

compulsory¡¡¡¡¡¡obedience¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡unexplained¡¡¡¡¡¡orders¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡military¡¡¡¡¡¡dictator¡£¡¡

Of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡reality¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Communist¡¡¡¡¡¡Dictatorship¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡sort¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡doubt¡£¡¡

But¡¡¡¡¡¡its¡¡¡¡¡¡methods¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡tend¡¡¡¡¡¡towards¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡awakening¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡political¡¡

consciousness¡¡which£»¡¡if¡¡and¡¡when¡¡normal¡¡conditions¡­of¡¡feeding¡¡and¡¡peace£»¡¡

for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡example¡­are¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡attained£»¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡make¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dictatorship¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡any¡¡¡¡¡¡kind¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡

impossible¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡To¡¡illustrate¡¡these¡¡methods¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Dictatorship£»¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡do¡¡better¡¡than¡¡

copy¡¡into¡¡this¡¡book¡¡some¡¡pages¡¡of¡¡my¡¡diary¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡written¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡March¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡year¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡present¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡

provincial¡¡conferences¡¡which¡¡were¡¡held¡¡in¡¡preparation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡All¡­Russian¡¡

Communist¡¡Conference¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡month¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡At¡¡¡¡¡¡seven¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡evening¡¡¡¡¡¡Radek¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡took¡¡¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡31¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡32¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡THE¡¡CRISIS¡¡IN¡¡RUSSIA¡¡



Jaroslavl¡¡station£»¡¡where¡¡we¡¡met¡¡Larin£»¡¡whom¡¡I¡¡had¡¡known¡¡in¡¡1918¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡An¡¡

old¡¡¡¡¡¡Menshevik£»¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡originator¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡urgent¡¡¡¡¡¡supporter¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

decree¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡annulling¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡debts¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡ill¡¡¡¡man£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡partially¡¡

paralyzed£»¡¡having¡¡to¡¡use¡¡both¡¡hands¡¡even¡¡to¡¡get¡¡food¡¡to¡¡his¡¡mouth¡¡or¡¡to¡¡

turn¡¡over¡¡the¡¡leaves¡¡of¡¡a¡¡book¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡In¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡this¡¡he¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hardest¡¡

workers¡¡in¡¡Russia£»¡¡and¡¡although¡¡his¡¡obstinacy£»¡¡his¡¡hatred¡¡of¡¡compromise£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡sort¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡mixed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡originality¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡perverseness¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡keep¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡almost¡¡

permanently¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡loggerheads¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Central¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Committee£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡retains¡¡

everybody's¡¡respect¡¡because¡¡of¡¡the¡¡real¡¡heroism¡¡with¡¡which¡¡he¡¡conquers¡¡

physical¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡disabilities¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ago¡¡¡¡¡¡would¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡overwhelmed¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡less¡¡

unbreakable¡¡spirit¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Both¡¡Radek¡¡and¡¡Larin¡¡were¡¡going¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Communist¡¡

Conference¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Jaroslavl¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡consider¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡¡¡¡¡theses¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Central¡¡¡¡¡¡Committee¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡party¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡regard¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Industrial¡¡¡¡¡¡Conscription¡£¡¡

Radek¡¡was¡¡going¡¡to¡¡defend¡¡the¡¡position¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡Committee£»¡¡Larin¡¡to¡¡

defend¡¡his¡¡own¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Both¡¡are¡¡old¡¡friends¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡Radek¡¡said¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡he¡¡intended¡¡

to¡¡destroy¡¡Larin's¡¡position£»¡¡but¡¡not£»¡¡if¡¡he¡¡could¡¡help¡¡it£»¡¡prevent¡¡Larin¡¡being¡¡

nominated¡¡among¡¡the¡¡Jaroslavl¡¡delegates¡¡to¡¡All¡­Russian¡¡Conference¡¡which¡¡

was¡¡in¡¡preparation¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Larin£»¡¡whose¡¡work¡¡keeps¡¡him¡¡continually¡¡traveling£»¡¡

has¡¡his¡¡own¡¡car£»¡¡specially¡¡arranged¡¡so¡¡that¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡uninterrupted¡¡labor¡¡shall¡¡

have¡¡as¡¡little

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ