the origins of contemporary france-3-第113章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!
377; 378。 〃An effort is made to accomplish the Revolution by terror。 I
would accomplish it through love。〃
'49' Maillan; 22。
'50' Buchez et Roux; XXIV。 109。 Plan of a constitution presented by
Condorcet。 Declaration of rights; article 32。 〃In every free
government the mode of resistance to different acts of oppression
should be regulated by law。〃 … Ibid。; 136。 Title VIII。 Of the
Constitution 〃De la Censure des lois。〃
'51' Buchez et Roux; 93。 Session of the Jacobin Club; April 21; 1793。
'52' Schmidt; 〃Tableaux de la révolution Fran?aise;〃 II。4 (Report of
Dutard; June 6; 1793。) … The mental traits of the Jacobins form a
contrast and are fully visible in the following speeches: 〃We desire
despotically a popular constitution。〃 (Address of the Paris Jacobin
Club to the clubs in the departments; Jan。 7; 1793。) … Buchez et Roux;
XXIII。 288 … Ibid。; 274。 (Speech by Legros in the Jacobin Club; Jan。
1。) 〃Patriots are not counted; they go by weight。 。 。 One patriot in
a scale weights more than 100;000 aristocrats。 One Jacobin weights
more than 10;000 Feuillants。 One republican weights more than 100;000
monarchists。 One patriot of the Mountain weights more than 100;000
Brissotins。 Hence I conclude that the convention should not be stopped
by the large number of votes against the death…sentence of Louis XVI。;
(and that) even (if there should be) but a minority of the nation
desiring Capet's death。〃 … 〃Applauded。〃 (I am obliged to correct the
last sentence; as it would otherwise be obscure。)
'53' Buzot; 〃Mémoires;〃 33: 〃The majority of French people yearned
after royalty and the Constitution of 1790。 This was the strongest
feeling; and especially at Paris 。 。 This people is only republican
because it is threatened by the guillotine。 。 All its desires; all
its hopes incline to the constitution of 1791。〃…Schmidt; I。 232
(Dutard; May 16)。 Dutard; an old advocate and friend of Garat; is one
of those rare men who see facts behind words; clear…sighted;
energetic; active; abounding in practical counsels; and deserving of a
better chief than Garat。
'54' Schmidt; ibid。; I。 173; 179 (May 1; 1793)。
'55' 〃La Démagogie à en Paris en 1793;〃 p。152。 Dauban (〃Diurnal de
Beaulieu;〃 April 17)。 … 〃Archives Nationales;〃 AF II。 45 (report by
the police; May 20)。 〃The dearness of supplies is the leading cause of
agitation and complaints。〃 (Ib。; May 24)。 〃The calm which now
appear to prevail in Paris will soon be disturbed if the prices of the
prime necessities of life do not shortly diminish。〃 (Ibid。; May
25)。 〃Complaints against dear food increase daily end this
circumstance looks as if it might become one of the motives of
forthcoming events。
'56' Schmidt; I。 198 (Dutard; May 9)。
'57' Schmidt; I。 350; II。 6 (Dutard; May 30; June 7 and 8)。
'58' Durand…Maillane;100: 〃The Girondist party was yet more impious
than Robespierre。〃 A deputy having demanded that mention should be
made of the Supreme Being in the preamble of the constitution;
Vergniaud replied: 〃We have no more to do with Numa's nymph than with
Mahomet's pigeon; reason is sufficient to give France a good
constitution。〃 Buchez et Roux; XIII。 444。 Robespierre having spoken
of the Emperor Leopold's death as a stroke of Providence; Guadet
replies that he sees 〃no sense in that idea;〃 and blames Robespierre
for 〃endeavoring to return the people to slavery of superstition。〃 …
Ibid。; XXVI。 63 (session of April 19; 1793)。 Speech by Vergniaud
against article IX of the Declaration of Rights; which states that
〃all men are free to worship as they please。〃 This article; says
Vergniaud; 〃is a result of the despotism and superstition under which
we have so long languished。〃 Salle : 〃I ask the Convention to draw
up an article by which each citizen; whatever his form of worship;
shall bind himself to submit to the law 〃 … Lanjuinais; who often
ranked along with the Girondists; is a Catholic and confirmed
Gallican。
'59' Schmidt; I。 347 (Dutard; May 30)。 〃What do I now behold? A
discontented people hating the Convention; all its administrators; and
the actual state of things generally。〃
'60' Schmidt; I。 278。 (Dutard; May 23)。
'61' Schmidt; I。 216 (Dutard; May 13)。
'62' Schmidt; I。 240 (Dutard; May 17)。
'63' Schmidt; I。 217 (Dutard; May 13)。
'64' Schmidt; I。 163 (Dutard; April 30)。
'65' Schmidt; II。 377 (Dutard; June 13)。 Cf。 Ibid。; II。 80。 (Dutard;
June 21): 〃If the guillotining of the Thirty…Two were subject to a
roll call; and the vote a secret one I declare to you no respectable
man would fail to hasten in from the country to give his vote and that
none of those now in Paris would fail to betake themselves to their
section。〃
'66' Schmidt; II。 35 (Dutard; June 13)。 On the sense of these two
words; inferior aristocracy; Cf。 All of Dutard's reports and those
of other observers in the employ of Garat。
'67' Schmidt; II。 37 (Dutard; June 13)。
'68' Schmidt; I。 328 (Perrière; May 28): 〃Intelligent men and
property…owners abandoned the section assemblies and handed them to
others as these were places where the workman's fist prevailed against
the speaker's tongue。〃 … Moniteur。 XV。 114 (session of Jan。 11;
speech by Buzot)。 〃There is not a man in this town who owns anything;
that is not afraid of being insulted and struck in his section if he
dares raise his voice against the ruling power。 。 。 The permanent
assemblies of Paris consist of a small number of men who have
succeeded in keeping other citizens away。〃 … Schmidt; I。 235 (Dutard;
May 28): 〃Another plan would be to drill young men in the use of the
staff。 One must be a sans…culotte; must live with sans…culottes; to
discover the value of expedients of this kind。 There is nothing the
sans…culotte fears as much as a truncheon。 A number of young men
lately carried them in their trousers; and everybody trembled as they
passed。 I wished that the fashion were general。〃
'69' Moniteur; XV。 95 (Letter of Charles Villette; deputy)。
'70' Moniteur; XV。 179 (Letter of Roland; Jan。 11。 1793)。
'71' Moniteur; XV。 66; session of Jan。 5; speech of the mayor of
Paris; (Chambon) … Ib。; XV 114; session of Jan。 14; speech by Buzot; …
… Ib。; XV。 136; session of Jan。 13。 Speech by a deputation of
Federates。 … Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。 91 (Letter of Gadolle to Roland;
October; 1792)。 XXI。 417 (Dec。 20; article by Marat): 〃 Boredom and
disgust have emptied the assemblies。 Schmidt; II; 69 (Dutard; June
18)。
'72' Schmidt; I。 203。 (Dutard; May 10)。 The engravings published
during the early period of the Revolution and under the directory
exhibit this scene perfectly (cabinet des estampes; Paris)。
'73' Moniteur; XV。 67 (session of Jan。 5; 1793)。 Speech by the mayor
of Paris。
'74' Schmidt; I。 378 (Blanc; June 12)。
'75' Schmidt; II。 5 (Dutard; June 5)。
'76' Schmidt; II。 (Dutard; June 11) Ibid。; II。 (Dutard; June i8):
〃I should like to visit with you;〃 if it were possible; 〃the 3;000 or
4;000 wine…dealers; and the equally numerous places of refreshment in
Paris; you would find the 15;000 clerks they employ constantly busy。
If we should then go to the offices of the 114 notaries; we should
again find two…thirds of these gentlemen in their caps and red
slippers; also very much engaged。 We might then; again; go to the 200
or 300 printing establishments; where we should find 4;000 or 5;000
editors; compositors; clerks; and porters all conservatized because
they no longer earn what they did before; and some because they have
made a fortune。〃 The incompatibility between modern life and direct
democratic rule strikes one at every step; owing to modern life being
carried out under other conditions than those which characterized life
in ancient times。 For modern life these conditions are; the magnitude
of States; the division of labor; the suppression of slavery and the
requirements of personal comforts and