the origins of contemporary france-3-第102章

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have　just　made　hint　marry。　Look　here；　we　said　to　him；　it　is　time　that

to　put　a　stop　to　that　behavior！　Down　with　prejudice！　Marquises　and

dancers　ought　to　marry　each　other。　He　made　her　his　wife；　and　it　is

well　he　did；　otherwise　he　would　have　been　done　for　a　long　time　ago；　or

caged　behind　the　Luxembourg　walls。〃　…　Elsewhere；　on　passing　a　chateau

being　demolished；　the　former　chair…letter　quotes　Rousseau：　〃For　every

chateau　that　falls；　twenty　cottages　rise　in　its　place。〃　His　mind　was

stored　with　similar　phrases　and　tirades；　uttered　by　him　as　the

occasion　warranted。　This　man　may　be　considered　as　an　excellent

specimen　of　the　average　Jacobin。



＇106＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3；207。　Letter　of　the　administrators

of　the　C？te　d'Or　to　the　Minister；　Oct。　6；　1792。



＇107＇　　〃Archives　Nationales〃　F7；　3195。　　Letter　of　the　administrators

of　the　Bouche…du…Rh？ne；　Oct　29；　and　the　Minister's　answer　on　the

margin。



＇108＇　　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3249。　　Letter　of　the　administrators

of　the　Orne；　Sept。　7；　and　the　Minister's　reply　noted　on　the　margin。



＇109＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F'；　3；249。　Correspondence　with　the

municipality　of　Saint…Firmin　（Oise）。　Letter　of　Roland；　Dec。　3：　〃I　have

read　the　letter　addressed　to　me　on　the　25th　of　the　past　month；　and　I

cannot　conceal　from　you　the　pain　it　gives　me　to　find　in　it　principles

so　destructive　of　all　the　ties　of　subordination　existing　between

constituted　authorities；　principles　so　erroneous　that　should　the

communes　adopt　them　every　form　of　government　would　be　impossible　and

all　society　broken　up。　Can　the　commune　of　Saint…Firmin；　　indeed；　have

persuaded　itself　that　it　is　sovereign；　as　the　letter　states？　and　have

the　citizens　composing　it　forgotten　that　the　sovereign　is　the　entire

nation；　and　not　the　forty…four　thousandth　part　of　it？　that　Saint…

Firmin　is　simply　a　fraction　of　it；　contributing　its　share　to　endowing

the　deputies　of　the　National　Convention；　the　administrators　of

departments　and　districts　with　the　power　of　acting　for　the　greatest

advantage　of　the　commune；　but　which；　the　moment　it　elects　its　own

administrators　and　agents；　can　no　longer　revoke　the　powers　it　has

bestowed；　without　a　total　subversion　of　order？　etc。〃　　All　the

documents　belonging　to　this　affair　ought　to　be　quoted；　there　is

nothing　more　instructive　or　ludicrous；　and　especially　the　style　of　the

secretary…clerk　of　Saint…Firmin：　　〃We　conjure　you　to　remember　that　the

administrators　of　the　district　of　Senlis　strive　to　play　the　part　of

the　sirens　who　sought　to　enchant　Ulysses。〃



＇110＇　Letter　of　the　central　bureau　of　the　Rouen　sections；　Aug。　30。



＇111＇　〃Archives　Nationales；〃　F7；　3195。　Letter　of　the　three

administrative　bodies　and　commissaries　of　the　sections　of　Marseilles；

Nov。　15；　1792。　Letter　of　the　electors　of　Bouches…du…Rh？ne；　Nov。　28。　

（Forms　of　politeness　are　omitted　at　the　end　of　these　letters；　and　no

doubt　purposely。）　Roland　replies　（Dec。　31）：　〃While　fully　admiring　the

civism　of　the　brave　Marseilles　people；　。　。　。　do　not　fully　agree　with

you　on　the　exercise　of　popular　Sovereignty。〃　He　ends　by　stating　that

all　their　letters　with　replies　have　been　transmitted　to　the　deputies

of　the　Bouches…du…Rh？ne；　and　that　the　latter　are　in　accord　with　him

and　will　arrange　matters。







CHAPTER　III。



I。



The　second　stage　of　the　Jacobin　conquest。　　The　importance　and

multitude　of　vacant　offices。



The　second　stage　of　the　Jacobin　conquest　will；＇1＇　after　August　10th

and　during　the　next　three　months；　extend　and　multiply　all　vacancies

from　the　top　to　the　bottom　of　the　hierarchy；　for　the　purpose　of

filling　them　with　their　own　men。　　In　the　first　place；　the　faction

（the　party）　installs　representatives　on　the　summits　of　public

authority　which　represent　itself　alone；　seven　hundred　and　forty…nine

omnipotent　deputies；　in　a　Convention　which；　curbed　neither　by

collateral　powers　nor　by　a　previously　established　constitution；

disposes　at　pleasure　of　the　property；　the　lives　and　the　consciences　of

all　French　people。　　　Then；　through　this　barely　installed　convention；

it　decrees　the　complete　renewal＇2＇　of　all　administrative　and　judicial

bodies；　councils　and　directories　of　departments；　councils　and　communal

municipalities；　civil；　criminal　and　commercial　tribunals；　justices　and

their　assistants　in　the　lower　courts；　deputies　of　the　justices；

national　commissaries　of　the　civil　courts；　with　secretaries　and

bailiffs　belonging　to　the　various　tribunals　and　administrations。＇3＇

The　obligation　of　having　practiced　as　a　lawyer　is　abolished　by　the

same　stroke；　so　that　the　first　comer；　if　he　belongs　to　the　club

（party）　may　become　a　judge　without　knowing　how　to　write；　and　even

without　being　able　to　read。＇4＇　　　Just　before　this　the　staff　of　the

National　Guard；　in　all　towns　above　fifty　thousand　souls；　and

afterwards　in　all　the　towns　on　the　frontier；　has　again　passed　through

the　electoral　sieve。＇5＇　In　like　manner；　the　officers　of　the

gendarmerie　at　Paris　and　throughout　France　once　more　undergo　an

election　by　their　men。　Finally；　all　post…masters　and　post…office

comptrollers　have　to　submit　to　election。　　　Even　better；　below　or

alongside　the　elected　officials；　this　administrative　purge　concerns

all　non…elective　functionaries　and　employees；　no　matter　how

insignificant　their　service；　however　feeble　and　indirect　their　office

may　be　connected　with　political　matters。　This　is　because　tax　receivers

and　assessors；　directors　and　other　agents　of　rivers　and　forests；

engineers；　notaries；　attorneys；　clerks　and　scribes　belonging　to　the

administrative　branch；　are　all　subject　to　dismissal　if　they　do　not

obtain　a　certificate　of　civism　from　their　municipality。　At　Troyes；　out

of　fifteen　notaries；　it　is　refused　to　four；＇6＇　which　leaves　four

places　to　be　filled　by　their　Jacobin　clerks。　At　Paris；＇7＇　〃all　honest

folks；　all　clerks　who　are　educated；〃　are　driven　out　of　the　navy

offices；　the　war　department　is　getting　to　be　〃a　den　where　everybody　on

duty　wears　a　red　cap；　where　all　thee…and…thou　each　other；　even　the

Minister；　where　four　hundred　employees；　among　which　are　a　number　of

women；　show　off　in　the　dirtiest　dress；　affect　the　coolest　cynicism；　do

nothing；　and　steal　on　all　sides。〃　　Under　the　denunciation　of　the

clubs；　the　broom　is　applied　even　at　the　bottom　of　the　hierarchical

scale；　even　to　secretaries　of　village　councils；　to　messengers　and

call…boys　in　the　towns；　to　jail…keepers　and　door…keepers；　to　beadles

and　sextons；　to　foresters；　field…custodians；　and　others　of　this

class。＇8＇　　All　these　persons　must　be；　or　appear　to　be；　Jacobin；

otherwise；　their　place　slips　away　from　them；　for　there　is　always　some

one　to　covet　it；　apply　for　it　and　take　it。　　　Outside　of　employees

the　sweeping　operation　reaches　the　suppliers　and　contractors；　even

here　there　are　the　faithful　to　be　provided　for；　and　nowhere　is　the

bait　so　important。　The　State；　even　in　ordinary　times；　is　always　the

largest　of　consumers；　and；　at　this　moment；　it　is　expending　monthly；

merely　on　the　war；　two　hundred　millions　extra。　What　fish　may　be　caught

in　such　disturbed　waters！＇9＇　　　All　these　lucrative　orders　as　well　as

all　these　remunerated　positions　are　at　the　disposition　of　the

Jacobins；　and　they　seize　the　opportunity；　they　are　the　lawful　owner；

who　comes　home　after　a　long　absence　and　gives　or　withdraws　his　custom

as　the　pleases；　while　he　makes　a　clean　sweep　in　his　own　household。　

The　administrative　and　judicial　services　alone　number　1；300；000

places；　all　those　in　the　treasury　department；　in　that　of　public　works；

in　that　of　public　education；　and　in　the　Church；　all　posts　in　the

National　Guard　and　in　the　army；　from　that　of　commander…in…chief　down

to　a　drummer；　the　whole　of　the　central　or　local　power；　with　the　vast

patronage　flowing　from　this。　Never　had　such　rich　spoils　been　made

available　to　the　general　public　in　one　go。　Lots　will　be　drawn；

apparently；　by　vote；　but　it　is　evident　that　the　Jacobins　have　no

intention　of　surrendering　their　prey　to　the　hazards　of　a　free　ballot；

they　mean　to　kee