±´¿Çµç×ÓÊé > Ó¢ÎÄÔ­Öøµç×ÓÊé > george sand >

µÚ36ÕÂ

george sand-µÚ36ÕÂ

С˵£º george sand ×ÖÊý£º ÿҳ4000×Ö

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




In¡¡the¡¡_Compagnon¡¡du¡¡Tour¡¡de¡¡France_£»¡¡Pierre¡¡Huguenin£»¡¡a¡¡carpenter£»¡¡travels¡¡about¡¡among¡¡all¡¡these¡¡different¡¡societies¡¡of¡¡the¡¡_Compagnonnage_£»¡¡and¡¡lets¡¡us¡¡see¡¡something¡¡of¡¡their¡¡competition£»¡¡rivalries£»¡¡battles£»¡¡etc¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡then¡¡sent¡¡for¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Villepreux¡¡Chateau£»¡¡to¡¡do¡¡some¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡noble¡¡Yseult¡¡falls¡¡in¡¡love¡¡with¡¡this¡¡fine¡­talking¡¡carpenter£»¡¡and¡¡at¡¡once¡¡begs¡¡him¡¡to¡¡make¡¡her¡¡happy¡¡by¡¡marrying¡¡her¡£

In¡¡the¡¡_Meunier¡¡d'Angibault_¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡working¡¡locksmith£»¡¡Henri¡¡Lemor£»¡¡who¡¡falls¡¡in¡¡love¡¡with¡¡Marcelle¡¡de¡¡BIanchemont¡£¡¡¡¡Born¡¡to¡¡wealth£»¡¡she¡¡regrets¡¡that¡¡she¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡daughter¡¡or¡¡the¡¡mother¡¡of¡¡workingmen¡£¡¡¡¡Finally£»¡¡however£»¡¡she¡¡loses¡¡her¡¡fortune£»¡¡and¡¡rejoices¡¡in¡¡this¡¡event¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡personage¡¡who¡¡stands¡¡out¡¡in¡¡relief¡¡in¡¡this¡¡novel¡¡is¡¡the¡¡miller£»¡¡Grand¡¡Louis¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡is¡¡always¡¡gay¡¡and¡¡contented£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡smile¡¡on¡¡his¡¡lips£»¡¡singing¡¡lively¡¡songs¡¡and¡¡giving¡¡advice¡¡to¡¡every¡¡one¡£

In¡¡the¡¡_Peche¡¡de¡¡M¡£¡¡Antoine_£»¡¡the¡¡_role_¡¡of¡¡Grand¡¡Louis¡¡falls¡¡to¡¡Jean¡¡the¡¡carpenter¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡this¡¡story¡¡all¡¡the¡¡people¡¡are¡¡communists£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡exception¡¡of¡¡the¡¡owner¡¡of¡¡the¡¡factory£»¡¡who£»¡¡in¡¡consequence£»¡¡is¡¡treated¡¡with¡¡contempt¡£¡¡¡¡His¡¡son¡¡Emile¡¡marries¡¡the¡¡daughter¡¡of¡¡Monsieur¡¡Antoine¡£¡¡¡¡Her¡¡name¡¡is¡¡Gilberte£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡silly¡¡old¡¡man£»¡¡the¡¡Marquis¡¡de¡¡Boisguilbaut£»¡¡leaves¡¡her¡¡all¡¡his¡¡money£»¡¡on¡¡condition¡¡that¡¡the¡¡young¡¡couple¡¡found¡¡a¡¡colony¡¡of¡¡agriculturists¡¡in¡¡which¡¡there¡¡shall¡¡be¡¡absolute¡¡communism¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡these¡¡stories£»¡¡full¡¡of¡¡eloquence¡¡and¡¡dissertations¡¡on¡¡the¡¡misfortune¡¡of¡¡being¡¡rich¡¡and¡¡the¡¡corrupting¡¡influence¡¡of¡¡wealth£»¡¡would¡¡be¡¡insufferable£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡were¡¡not¡¡for¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡the¡¡Angibault¡¡mill¡¡were¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Black¡¡Valley£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡crumbling¡¡chateau£»¡¡belonging¡¡to¡¡Monsieur¡¡Antoine£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡banks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Creuse¡£

They¡¡are¡¡very¡¡poor¡¡novels£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡a¡¡waste¡¡of¡¡time¡¡to¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡defend¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡are¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡¡despised£»¡¡though£»¡¡as¡¡regards¡¡their¡¡influence¡¡on¡¡the¡¡rest¡¡of¡¡George¡¡Sand's¡¡work£»¡¡and¡¡also¡¡as¡¡regards¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡French¡¡novel¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡rendered¡¡great¡¡service¡¡to¡¡George¡¡Sand£»¡¡inasmuch¡¡as¡¡they¡¡helped¡¡her¡¡to¡¡come¡¡out¡¡of¡¡herself¡¡and¡¡to¡¡turn¡¡her¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡the¡¡miseries¡¡of¡¡other¡¡people£»¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡dwelling¡¡all¡¡the¡¡time¡¡on¡¡her¡¡own¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡miseries¡¡she¡¡now¡¡saw¡¡were¡¡more¡¡general¡¡ones£»¡¡and¡¡consequently¡¡more¡¡worthy¡¡of¡¡interest¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡the¡¡novel¡¡they¡¡are¡¡of¡¡capital¡¡importance£»¡¡as¡¡they¡¡are¡¡the¡¡first¡¡ones¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡into¡¡notice£»¡¡by¡¡making¡¡them¡¡play¡¡a¡¡part£»¡¡people¡¡of¡¡whom¡¡novelists¡¡had¡¡never¡¡spoken¡£¡¡¡¡Before¡¡Eugene¡¡Sue¡¡and¡¡before¡¡Victor¡¡Hugo£»¡¡George¡¡Sand¡¡gives¡¡a¡¡_role_¡¡to¡¡a¡¡mason£»¡¡a¡¡carpenter¡¡and¡¡a¡¡joiner¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡see¡¡the¡¡working¡­class¡¡come¡¡into¡¡literature¡¡in¡¡these¡¡novels£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡marks¡¡an¡¡era¡£

As¡¡to¡¡their¡¡socialistic¡¡influence£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡supposed¡¡by¡¡many¡¡people¡¡that¡¡they¡¡had¡¡none¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡socialism¡¡that¡¡consists¡¡of¡¡making¡¡tinkers¡¡marry¡¡marchionesses£»¡¡and¡¡duchesses¡¡marry¡¡zinc¡­workers£»¡¡seems¡¡very¡¡childish¡¡and¡¡very¡¡feminine¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡just¡¡an¡¡attempt¡¡at¡¡bringing¡¡about¡¡the¡¡marriage¡¡of¡¡classes¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡socialistic¡¡preaching£»¡¡by¡¡means¡¡of¡¡literature£»¡¡cannot¡¡be¡¡treated¡¡so¡¡lightly£»¡¡though£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡is¡¡by¡¡no¡¡means¡¡harmless¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡a¡¡powerful¡¡means¡¡of¡¡diffusing¡¡doctrines¡¡to¡¡which¡¡it¡¡lends¡¡the¡¡colouring¡¡of¡¡imagination£»¡¡and¡¡for¡¡which¡¡it¡¡appeals¡¡to¡¡the¡¡feelings¡£¡¡¡¡George¡¡Sand¡¡propagated¡¡the¡¡humanitarian¡¡dream¡¡among¡¡a¡¡whole¡¡category¡¡of¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women¡¡who¡¡read¡¡her¡¡books¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡for¡¡her£»¡¡they¡¡would¡¡probably¡¡have¡¡turned¡¡a¡¡deaf¡¡ear¡¡to¡¡the¡¡inducements¡¡held¡¡out¡¡to¡¡them¡¡with¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡this¡¡Utopia¡£¡¡¡¡Lamartine¡¡with¡¡his¡¡_Girondins_¡¡reconciled¡¡the¡¡_bourgeois_¡¡classes¡¡to¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Revolution¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡both¡¡cases¡¡the¡¡effect¡¡was¡¡the¡¡same£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡is¡¡just¡¡this¡¡which¡¡literature¡¡does¡¡in¡¡affairs¡¡of¡¡this¡¡kind¡£¡¡¡¡Its¡¡_role_¡¡consists¡¡here¡¡in¡¡creating¡¡a¡¡sort¡¡of¡¡snobbism£»¡¡and¡¡this¡¡snobbism£»¡¡created¡¡by¡¡literature¡¡in¡¡favour¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡elements¡¡of¡¡social¡¡destruction£»¡¡continues¡¡to¡¡rage¡¡at¡¡present¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡still¡¡see¡¡men¡¡smiling¡¡indulgently¡¡and¡¡stupidly¡¡at¡¡doctrines¡¡of¡¡revolt¡¡and¡¡anarchy£»¡¡which¡¡they¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡repudiate£»¡¡not¡¡because¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡interest£»¡¡but¡¡because¡¡it¡¡is¡¡their¡¡duty¡¡to¡¡repudiate¡¡them¡¡with¡¡all¡¡the¡¡strength¡¡of¡¡their¡¡own¡¡common¡¡sense¡¡and¡¡rectitude¡£¡¡¡¡Instead¡¡of¡¡any¡¡arguments£»¡¡we¡¡have¡¡facts¡¡to¡¡offer¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡this¡¡was¡¡in¡¡1846£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡time¡¡was¡¡now¡¡drawing¡¡near¡¡when¡¡George¡¡Sand¡¡was¡¡to¡¡see¡¡those¡¡novels¡¡of¡¡hers¡¡actually¡¡taking¡¡place¡¡in¡¡the¡¡street£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡she¡¡could¡¡throw¡¡down¡¡to¡¡the¡¡rioters¡¡the¡¡bulletins¡¡that¡¡she¡¡wrote¡¡in¡¡their¡¡honour¡£




VIII

1848

GEORGE¡¡SAND¡¡AND¡¡THE¡¡PROVISIONAL¡¡GOVERNMENT

HER¡¡PASTORAL¡¡NOVELS


IN¡¡1846£»¡¡George¡¡Sand¡¡published¡¡_Le¡¡Peche¡¡de¡¡M¡£¡¡Antoine_¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡very¡¡dull¡¡story¡¡of¡¡a¡¡sin£»¡¡for¡¡sins¡¡are¡¡not¡¡always¡¡amusing¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡same¡¡year£»¡¡though£»¡¡she¡¡published¡¡_La¡¡Mare¡¡au¡¡Diable_¡£¡¡¡¡People¡¡are¡¡apt¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡when¡¡comparing¡¡the¡¡socialistic¡¡novels¡¡and¡¡the¡¡pastoral¡¡novels¡¡by¡¡George¡¡Sand£»¡¡that¡¡the¡¡latter¡¡are¡¡superb£»¡¡because¡¡they¡¡are¡¡the¡¡result¡¡of¡¡a¡¡conception¡¡of¡¡art¡¡that¡¡was¡¡quite¡¡disinterested£»¡¡as¡¡the¡¡author¡¡had¡¡given¡¡up¡¡her¡¡preaching¡¡mania£»¡¡and¡¡devoted¡¡herself¡¡to¡¡depicting¡¡people¡¡that¡¡she¡¡knew¡¡and¡¡things¡¡that¡¡she¡¡liked£»¡¡without¡¡any¡¡other¡¡care¡¡than¡¡that¡¡of¡¡painting¡¡them¡¡well¡£¡¡¡¡Personally£»¡¡I¡¡think¡¡that¡¡this¡¡was¡¡not¡¡so¡£¡¡¡¡George¡¡Sand's¡¡pastoral¡¡style¡¡is¡¡not¡¡essentially¡¡different¡¡from¡¡her¡¡socialistic¡¡style¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡difference¡¡is¡¡only¡¡in¡¡the¡¡success¡¡of¡¡the¡¡execution£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡ideas¡¡and¡¡the¡¡intentions¡¡are¡¡the¡¡same¡£¡¡¡¡George¡¡Sand¡¡is¡¡continuing¡¡her¡¡mission¡¡in¡¡them£»¡¡she¡¡is¡¡going¡¡on¡¡with¡¡her¡¡humanitarian¡¡dream£»¡¡that¡¡dream¡¡which¡¡she¡¡dreamed¡¡when¡¡awake¡£

We¡¡have¡¡a¡¡proof¡¡of¡¡this¡¡in¡¡the¡¡preface¡¡of¡¡the¡¡author¡¡to¡¡the¡¡reader¡¡with¡¡which¡¡the¡¡_Mare¡¡au¡¡Diable_¡¡begins¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡preface¡¡would¡¡be¡¡disconcerting¡¡to¡¡any¡¡one¡¡who¡¡does¡¡not¡¡remember¡¡the¡¡intellectual¡¡atmosphere¡¡in¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡written¡£

People¡¡have¡¡wondered¡¡by¡¡what¡¡fit¡¡of¡¡imagination¡¡George¡¡Sand£»¡¡when¡¡telling¡¡such¡¡a¡¡wholesome¡¡story¡¡of¡¡country¡¡life£»¡¡should¡¡evoke¡¡the¡¡ghastly¡¡vision¡¡of¡¡Holbein's¡¡Dance¡¡of¡¡Death¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡the¡¡close¡¡of¡¡day£»¡¡the¡¡horses¡¡are¡¡thin¡¡and¡¡exhausted£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡an¡¡old¡¡peasant£»¡¡and£»¡¡skipping¡¡about¡¡in¡¡the¡¡furrows¡¡near¡¡the¡¡team£»¡¡is¡¡Death£»¡¡the¡¡only¡¡lively£»¡¡careless£»¡¡nimble¡¡being¡¡in¡¡this¡¡scene¡¡of¡¡¡¨sweat¡¡and¡¡weariness¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡She¡¡gives¡¡us¡¡the¡¡explanation¡¡of¡¡it¡¡herself¡£¡¡¡¡She¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡show¡¡up¡¡the¡¡ideal¡¡of¡¡the¡¡new¡¡order¡¡of¡¡things£»¡¡as¡¡opposed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡old¡¡ideal£»¡¡as¡¡translated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡ghastly¡¡dance¡£

¡¨We¡¡have¡¡nothing¡¡more¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡death£»¡¨¡¡she¡¡writes£»¡¡¡¨but¡¡with¡¡life¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡believe¡¡in¡¡the¡¡_neant_¡¡of¡¡the¡¡tomb£»¡¡nor¡¡in¡¡salvation¡¡bought¡¡by¡¡enforced¡¡renunciation¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡want¡¡life¡¡to¡¡be¡¡good£»¡¡because¡¡we¡¡want¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡fertile¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡£¡¡¡¡Every¡¡one¡¡must¡¡be¡¡happy£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡happiness¡¡of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡may¡¡not¡¡be¡¡criminal¡¡and¡¡cursed¡¡by¡¡God¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡This¡¡note¡¡we¡¡recognize¡¡as¡¡the¡¡common¡¡feature¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡socialistic¡¡Utopias¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡consists¡¡in¡¡taking¡¡the¡¡opposite¡¡basis¡¡to¡¡that¡¡on¡¡which¡¡the¡¡Christian¡¡idea¡¡is¡¡founded¡£¡¡¡¡Whilst¡¡Christianity¡¡puts¡¡off£»¡¡until¡¡after¡¡death£»¡¡the¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡happiness£»¡¡transfiguring¡¡death¡¡by¡¡its¡¡eternal¡¡hopes£»¡¡Socialism¡¡places¡¡its¡¡Paradise¡¡on¡¡earth¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡thus¡¡runs¡¡the¡¡risk¡¡of¡¡leaving¡¡all¡¡those¡¡without¡¡any¡¡recourse¡¡who¡¡do¡¡not¡¡find¡¡this¡¡earth¡¡a¡¡paradise£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡has¡¡no¡¡answer¡¡to¡¡give¡¡to¡¡the¡¡lamentations¡¡of¡¡incurable¡¡human¡¡misery¡£

George¡¡Sand¡¡goes¡¡on¡¡to¡¡expose¡¡to¡¡us¡¡the¡¡object¡¡of¡¡art£»¡¡as¡¡she¡¡understands¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¡She¡¡believes¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡for¡¡pleading¡¡the¡¡cause¡¡of¡¡the¡¡people¡£

She¡¡does¡¡not¡¡consider¡¡that¡¡her¡¡_confreres_¡¡in¡¡novel¡­writing¡¡and¡¡in¡¡Socialism¡¡set¡¡about¡¡their¡¡work¡¡in¡¡the¡¡best¡¡way¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡paint¡¡poverty¡¡that¡¡is¡¡ugly¡¡and¡¡vile£»¡¡and¡¡sometimes¡¡even¡¡vicious¡¡and¡¡criminal¡£¡¡¡¡How¡¡is¡¡it¡¡to¡¡be¡¡expected¡¡that¡¡the¡¡bad£»¡¡rich¡¡man¡¡will¡¡take¡¡pity¡¡on¡¡the¡¡sorrows¡¡of¡¡the¡¡poor¡¡man£»¡¡if¡¡this¡¡poor¡¡man¡¡is¡¡always¡¡presented¡¡to¡¡him¡¡as¡¡an¡¡escaped¡¡convict¡¡or¡¡a¡¡night¡¡loafer£¿¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡very¡¡evident¡¡that¡¡the¡¡people£»¡¡as¡¡presented¡¡to¡¡us¡¡in¡¡the¡¡_Mysteres¡¡de¡¡Paris_£»¡¡are¡¡not¡¡particularly¡¡congenial¡¡to¡¡us£»¡¡and¡¡we¡¡should¡¡have¡¡no¡¡wish¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡acquaintance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¨Chourineur¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡In¡¡order¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡about¡¡conversions£»¡¡George¡¡Sand¡¡has¡¡more¡¡faith¡¡in¡¡gentle£»¡¡agreeable¡¡people£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡conclusion£»¡¡she¡¡tells¡¡us£º¡¡¡¡¡¨We¡¡believe¡¡that¡¡the¡¡mission¡¡of¡¡art¡¡is¡¡a¡¡mission¡¡of¡¡sentiment¡¡and¡¡of¡¡love£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡novel¡¡of¡¡to¡­day¡¡ought¡¡to¡¡take¡¡the¡¡place¡¡of¡¡the¡¡parable¡¡and¡¡the¡¡apologue¡¡of¡¡more¡¡primitive¡¡times¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡The¡¡object¡¡of¡¡the¡¡artist£»¡¡she¡¡tells¡¡us£»¡¡¡¨is¡¡to¡¡make¡¡people¡¡appreciate¡¡what¡¡he¡¡presents¡¡to¡¡them¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡With¡¡that¡¡end¡¡in¡¡view£»¡¡he¡¡has¡¡a¡¡right¡¡to¡¡embellish¡¡his¡¡subjects¡¡a¡¡little¡£¡¡¡¡¡¨Art£»¡¨¡¡we¡¡are¡¡told£»¡¡¡¨is¡¡not¡¡a¡¡study¡¡of¡¡positiv

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ