the origins of contemporary france-4-第76章
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government; November 18; 1793 and on the theory of democratic
government; April 20; 1794。 … Reports by Robespierre on the political
situation of the Republic; November 17; 1793; and on the principles of
revolutionary government; December 5; 1793。 … Information on the
genius of revolutionary laws; signed principally by Robespierre and
Billaud; November 29; 1793。 … Reports by Robespierre on the
principles of political morality which ought to govern the Convention;
February 5; 1794; and on the relationship between religious and moral
ideas and republican principles; May 7; 1794。
'46' Billaud no longer goes on mission after he becomes one of the
Committee of Public Safety。 Robespierre never went。 Barère; who is
of daily service; is likewise retained at Paris。 … All the others
serve on the missions and several repeatedly; and for a long time。
'47' Moniteur; XXIV。; 60。 The words of Carnot; session of Germinal 2;
year III。… Ibid。; XXII。; 138; words of Collot; session of Vendémiaire
12; year III。 〃Billaud and myself have sent into the departments
three hundred thousand written documents; and have made at least ten
thousand minutes (of meetings) with our own hand。〃
'48' Dussault 〃Fragment pour servir à l'histoire de la Convention。〃
'49' Thibaudeau; I。; 49。
'50' Arnault; 〃Souvenirs d'un Sexagenaire;〃 II。; 78。
'51' 〃Mémoires d'un Bourgeois de Paris;〃 by Veron; II。; 14。 (July 7;
1815。)
'52' Cf。 Thibaudeau; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 46。 〃It seemed; then; that to
escape imprisonment; or the scaffold; there was no other way than to
put others in your place。〃
'53' Carnot; 〃Mémoires。〃 I。; 508。
'54' Carnot; I。; 527。 (Words of Prieur de la C?te d'Or。)
'55' Carnot; ibid。; 527。 (The words of Prieur。)
'56' 〃La Nouvelle Minerve;〃 I。; 355; (Notes by Billaud…Varennes;
indited at St。 Domingo and copied by Dr。 Chervin。) 〃We came to a
decision only after being wearied out by the nightly meetings of our
Committee。〃
'57' Decree of September 17; 1793; on 〃Suspects。〃 Ordinance of the
Paris Commune; October 10; 1793; extending it so as to include 〃those
who; having done nothing against the Revolution; do nothing for it。〃 …
Cf。 〃Papers seized in Robespierre's apartments;〃 II。; 370; letter of
Payan。 〃Every man who has not been for the Revolution has been
against it; for he has done nothing for the country。 。 。 。 In
popular commissions; individual humanity; the moderation which assumes
the veil of justice; is criminal。〃
'58' Mortimer…Ternaux; VIII。; 394; and following pages; 414 and
following pages; (on the successive members of the two Committees)。
'59' Wallon; 〃Histoire du Tribunal Révolutionaire;〃 III。; 129…131。
Hérault de Sechelles; allied with Danton; and accused of being
indulgent; had just given guarantees; however; and applied the
revolutionary regime in Alsace with a severity worthy of Billaud。
(Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。 V。; 141。) 〃Instructions for
civil commissioners by Hérault; representative of the people;〃
(Colmar; Frimaire 2; year II。;) with suggestions as to the categories
of persons that are to be 〃sought for; arrested and immediately put in
jail;〃 probably embracing nineteen…twentieths of the inhabitants。
'60' Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794; 285; and following pages。 (Police
Reports; Germinal; year II。) Arrest of Hébert and associates 〃Nothing
was talked about the whole morning but the atrocious crimes of the
conspirators。 They were regarded as a thousand times more criminal
than Capet and his wife。 They ought to be punished a thousand times
over。 。 。 。 The popular hatred of Hébert is at its height 。 。 。
。 The people cannot forgive Hébert for having deceived them。 。 。 。
Popular rejoicings were universal on seeing the conspirators led to
the scaffold。〃
'61' Moniteur; XXIV。; 53。 (Session of Germinal 2; year III。) Words of
Prieur de la C?te…d'Or: 〃The first quarrel that occurred in the
Committee was between Saint…Just and Carnot; the latter says to the
former; 'I see that you and Robespierre are after a dictatorship。'〃 …
Ibid。; 74。 Levasseur makes a similar statement。…Ibid。; 570。 (Session
of Germinal 2; year III。; words of Carnot): 〃I had a right to call
Robespierre a tyrant every time I spoke to him。 I did the same with
Saint…Just and Couthon。〃
'62' Carnot; I。; 525。 (Testimony of Prieur。) Ibid。; 522。 Saint…Just
says to Carnot: 〃You are in league with the enemies of the patriots。
It is well for you to know that a few lines from me could send you to
the guillotine in two days。〃
'63' Buchez et Roux; XXX。; 185。 (Reply of Billaud; Collot; Vadier and
Barère to the renewed charges against them by Lecointre。) … Moniteur;
XXIV。; 84。 (Session of Germinal 7; year III。) Words of Barère: 〃On
the 4th of Thermidor; in the Committee; Robespierre speaks like a man
who had orders to give and victims to point out。〃 … 〃 And you;
Barère;〃 he replies; 〃remember the report you made on the2nd of
Thermidor;〃
'64' Heraclitus ( c。 540…480 BC) pre…Socratic philosopher; who
believed in a cosmic justice where sinners would be punished and
haunted by the Erinyes; (the furies) the handmaids of justice。 (SR)。
'65' Saint…Just; report on the Girondists; July 8; 1793; on the
necessity of imprisoning persons inimical to the Revolution; Feb。26;
1794; on the Hébertists; March 13; on the arrest of Herault…Séchelles
and Simond; March 17; on the arrest of Danton and associates March 31;
on a general policy; April 15。 … Cf。; likewise; his report on
declaring the government revolutionary until peace is declared; Oct。
10; 1793; and his report of the 9th of Thermidor; year II。
'66' Buchez et Roux; XXXI。; 346。 (Report of March 13; 1794。) …
XXXII。; 314。 (Report of April 15。)
'67' See 〃The Revolution;〃 II。; 313。
'68' A single phrase often suffices to give the measure of a man's
intellect and character。 The following by Saint…Just has this merit。
(Apropos of Louis XVI。 who; refraining from defending himself; left
the Tuileries and took refuge in the Assembly on the 10th of August。)
〃He came amongst you; he forced his way here。 。 。 。 He resorted to
the bosom of the legislature; his soldiers burst into the asylum。 。
。 。 He made his way; so to say; by sword thrusts into the bowels of
his country that he might find a place of concealment。〃
'69' Particularly in the long report on Danton containing a historic
survey of the factions; (Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 76;) and the report
on the general police; (Ibid。; 304;) with another historic document of
the same order。 〃Brissot and Ronsin (were) recognized royalists。 。
。 。 Since Necker a system of famine has been devised。 。 。 。
Necker had a hand in the Orleans faction。 。 。 。 Double
representation (of the Third Estate) was proposed for it。〃 Among other
charges made against Danton; after the fusillade on the Champ de Mars
in July; 1791 〃You went to pass happy days at Arcis…sur…Aube; if it is
possible for a conspirator against his country to be happy。 。 。 。
When you knew that the tyrant's fall was prepared and inevitable you
returned to Paris on the 9th of August。 You wanted to go to bed on
that evil night。 。 。 。 Hatred; you said; is insupportable to me
and (yet) you said to us 'I do not like Marat;' etc。〃 There is an
apostrophe of nine consecutive pages against Danton; who is absent。
'70' Buchez et Roux; Ibid。; 312。 〃Liberty emanated from the bosom of
tempests; its origin dates with that of the world issuing out of chaos
along with man; who is born dissolved in tears。〃 (Applause。) … Ibid。;
308。 Cf。 his portrait; got up for effect; of the 〃revolutionary who
is 〃a treasure of good sense and probity。〃
'71' Ibid。; 312。 〃Liberty is not the chicanery of a palace; it is
rigidity towards evil。〃
'72' Barère; 〃 Mémoires;〃 I。 347。 〃Saint…Just 。 。 。 discussed
like a vizier。〃
'73' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。