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government; November 18; 1793 and on the theory of democratic

government; April 20; 1794。  … Reports by Robespierre on the political

situation of the Republic; November 17; 1793; and on the principles of

revolutionary government; December 5; 1793。  … Information on the

genius of revolutionary laws; signed principally by Robespierre and

Billaud; November 29; 1793。  … Reports by Robespierre on the

principles of political morality which ought to govern the Convention;

February 5; 1794; and on the relationship between religious and moral

ideas and republican principles; May 7; 1794。



'46' Billaud no longer goes on mission after he becomes one of the

Committee of Public Safety。  Robespierre never went。  Barère; who is

of daily service; is likewise retained at Paris。  … All the others

serve on the missions and several repeatedly; and for a long time。



'47' Moniteur; XXIV。; 60。  The words of Carnot; session of Germinal 2;

year III。… Ibid。; XXII。; 138; words of Collot; session of Vendémiaire

12; year III。  〃Billaud and myself have sent into the departments

three hundred thousand written documents; and have made at least ten

thousand minutes (of meetings) with our own hand。〃



'48' Dussault 〃Fragment pour servir à l'histoire de la Convention。〃



'49' Thibaudeau; I。; 49。



'50' Arnault; 〃Souvenirs d'un Sexagenaire;〃 II。; 78。



'51' 〃Mémoires d'un Bourgeois de Paris;〃 by Veron; II。; 14。  (July 7;

1815。)



'52' Cf。  Thibaudeau; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 46。  〃It seemed; then; that to

escape imprisonment; or the scaffold; there was no other way than to

put others in your place。〃



'53' Carnot; 〃Mémoires。〃 I。; 508。



'54' Carnot; I。; 527。  (Words of Prieur de la C?te d'Or。)



'55' Carnot; ibid。; 527。  (The words of Prieur。)



'56' 〃La Nouvelle Minerve;〃 I。; 355; (Notes by Billaud…Varennes;

indited at St。  Domingo and copied by Dr。  Chervin。) 〃We came to a

decision only after being wearied out by the nightly meetings of our

Committee。〃



'57' Decree of September 17; 1793; on 〃Suspects。〃 Ordinance of the

Paris Commune; October 10; 1793; extending it so as to include 〃those

who; having done nothing against the Revolution; do nothing for it。〃 …

Cf。  〃Papers seized in Robespierre's apartments;〃 II。; 370; letter of

Payan。  〃Every man who has not been for the Revolution has been

against it; for he has done nothing for the country。  。  。  。  In

popular commissions; individual humanity; the moderation which assumes

the veil of justice; is criminal。〃



'58' Mortimer…Ternaux; VIII。; 394; and following pages; 414 and

following pages; (on the successive members of the two Committees)。



'59' Wallon; 〃Histoire du Tribunal Révolutionaire;〃 III。; 129…131。

Hérault de Sechelles; allied with Danton; and accused of being

indulgent; had just given guarantees; however; and applied the

revolutionary regime in Alsace with a severity worthy of Billaud。

(Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。  V。; 141。) 〃Instructions for

civil commissioners by Hérault; representative of the people;〃

(Colmar; Frimaire 2; year II。;) with suggestions as to the categories

of persons that are to be 〃sought for; arrested and immediately put in

jail;〃 probably embracing nineteen…twentieths of the inhabitants。



'60' Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794; 285; and following pages。  (Police

Reports; Germinal; year II。) Arrest of Hébert and associates 〃Nothing

was talked about the whole morning but the atrocious crimes of the

conspirators。  They were regarded as a thousand times more criminal

than Capet and his wife。  They ought to be punished a thousand times

over。  。  。  。  The popular hatred of Hébert is at its height 。  。  。

。  The people cannot forgive Hébert for having deceived them。  。  。  。

Popular rejoicings were universal on seeing the conspirators led to

the scaffold。〃



'61' Moniteur; XXIV。; 53。  (Session of Germinal 2; year III。) Words of

Prieur de la C?te…d'Or: 〃The first quarrel that occurred in the

Committee was between Saint…Just and Carnot; the latter says to the

former; 'I see that you and Robespierre are after a dictatorship。'〃 …

Ibid。; 74。  Levasseur makes a similar statement。…Ibid。; 570。  (Session

of Germinal 2; year III。; words of Carnot): 〃I had a right to call

Robespierre a tyrant every time I spoke to him。  I did the same with

Saint…Just and Couthon。〃



'62' Carnot; I。; 525。  (Testimony of Prieur。) Ibid。; 522。  Saint…Just

says to Carnot: 〃You are in league with the enemies of the patriots。

It is well for you to know that a few lines from me could send you to

the guillotine in two days。〃



'63' Buchez et Roux; XXX。; 185。  (Reply of Billaud; Collot; Vadier and

Barère to the renewed charges against them by Lecointre。) … Moniteur;

XXIV。; 84。  (Session of Germinal 7; year III。) Words of Barère: 〃On

the 4th of Thermidor; in the Committee; Robespierre speaks like a man

who had orders to give and victims to point out。〃 … 〃 And you;

Barère;〃 he replies; 〃remember the report you made on the2nd of

Thermidor;〃



'64' Heraclitus ( c。  540…480 BC) pre…Socratic philosopher; who

believed in a cosmic justice where sinners would be punished and

haunted by the Erinyes; (the furies) the handmaids of justice。  (SR)。



'65' Saint…Just; report on the Girondists; July 8; 1793; on the

necessity of imprisoning persons inimical to the Revolution; Feb。26;

1794; on the Hébertists; March 13; on the arrest of Herault…Séchelles

and Simond; March 17; on the arrest of Danton and associates March 31;

on a general policy; April 15。  … Cf。; likewise; his report on

declaring the government revolutionary until peace is declared; Oct。

10; 1793; and his report of the 9th of Thermidor; year II。



'66' Buchez et Roux; XXXI。; 346。  (Report of March 13; 1794。) …

XXXII。; 314。  (Report of April 15。)



'67' See 〃The Revolution;〃 II。; 313。



'68' A single phrase often suffices to give the measure of a man's

intellect and character。  The following by Saint…Just has this merit。

(Apropos of Louis XVI。  who; refraining from defending himself; left

the Tuileries and took refuge in the Assembly on the 10th of August。)

〃He came amongst you; he forced his way here。  。  。  。  He resorted to

the bosom of the legislature; his soldiers burst into the asylum。  。

。  。  He made his way; so to say; by sword thrusts into the bowels of

his country that he might find a place of concealment。〃



'69' Particularly in the long report on Danton containing a historic

survey of the factions; (Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 76;) and the report

on the general police; (Ibid。; 304;) with another historic document of

the same order。  〃Brissot and Ronsin (were) recognized royalists。  。

。  。  Since Necker a system of famine has been devised。  。  。  。

Necker had a hand in the Orleans faction。  。  。  。  Double

representation (of the Third Estate) was proposed for it。〃 Among other

charges made against Danton; after the fusillade on the Champ de Mars

in July; 1791 〃You went to pass happy days at Arcis…sur…Aube; if it is

possible for a conspirator against his country to be happy。  。  。  。

When you knew that the tyrant's fall was prepared and inevitable you

returned to Paris on the 9th of August。  You wanted to go to bed on

that evil night。  。  。  。  Hatred; you said; is insupportable to me

and (yet) you said to us 'I do not like Marat;' etc。〃 There is an

apostrophe of nine consecutive pages against Danton; who is absent。



'70' Buchez et Roux; Ibid。; 312。  〃Liberty emanated from the bosom of

tempests; its origin dates with that of the world issuing out of chaos

along with man; who is born dissolved in tears。〃 (Applause。) … Ibid。;

308。  Cf。  his portrait; got up for effect; of the 〃revolutionary who

is 〃a treasure of good sense and probity。〃



'71' Ibid。; 312。  〃Liberty is not the chicanery of a palace; it is

rigidity towards evil。〃



'72' Barère; 〃 Mémoires;〃 I。  347。  〃Saint…Just 。  。  。  discussed

like a vizier。〃



'73' Buchez et Roux; XXXII。

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