the origins of contemporary france-4-第55章
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Prairial which places everybody's life at his disposal。 … In his
crafty; blundering haste; he has demanded too much; each one; on
reflection; becomes alarmed for himself; he is compelled to back out;
to protest that he is misunderstood; admit that representatives are
excepted; and; accordingly; to sheathe the knife he has already
applied to his adversaries throats。 But he still holds it in his
grasp。 He watches them; and; pretending to retreat; affects a
renunciation; crouched in his corner;'169' waiting until they
discredit themselves; so as to spring upon them a second time。 He
has not to wait long; for the exterminating machine he set up on the
22nd of Prairial; is in their hands; and it has to work as he planned
it; namely; by making rapid turns and almost haphazard: the odium of a
blind sweeping massacre rests with them; he not only makes no
opposition to this; but; while pretending to abstain from it; he urges
it on。 Secluded in the private office of his secret police; he orders
arrests;'170' he sends out his principal bloodhound; Herman; he first
signs and then dispatches the resolution by which it is supposed that
there are conspirators among those in confinement and which;
authorizing spies or paid informers; is to provide the guillotine with
those vast batches which purge and clean prisons out in a trice。〃'171'
… 〃I am not responsible;〃 he states later on 。 。 。 。〃 My lack of
power to do any good; to arrest the evil; forced me for more than six
weeks to abandon my post on the Committee of Public Safety。〃'172' To
ruin his adversaries by murders committed by him; by those which he
makes them commit and which he imputes to them; to whitewash himself
and blacken them with the same stroke of the brush; what intense
delight! If the natural conscience murmurs in whispers at moments; the
acquired superposed conscience immediately imposes silence; concealing
personal hatreds under public pretexts: the guillotined; after all;
were aristocrats; and whoever comes under the guillotine is immoral。
Thus; the means are good and the end better; in employing the means;
as well as in pursuing the end; the function is sacerdotal。
Such is the scenic exterior of the Revolution; a specious mask with a
hideous visage beneath it; under the reign of a nominal humanitarian
theory; covering over the effective dictatorship of evil and low
passions。 In its true representative; as in itself; we see ferocity
issuing from philanthropy; and; from the pedant (cuistre); the executioner。
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Notes:
'1' Harmand (de la Meuse): 〃Anecdotes relatives à la Revolution。〃 〃He
was dressed like a tough cab…driver。 He had a disturbed look and an
eye always in motion; he acted in an abrupt; quick and jerky way。 A
constant restlessness gave a convulsive contraction to his muscles and
features which likewise affected his manner of walking so that he
didn't walk but hopped。〃
'2' Chevremont; 〃Jean Paul Marat;〃 also Alfred Bougeard; 〃Marat〃
passim。 These two works; with numerous documents; are panegyrics of
Marat。… Bougeat; I。; II (description of Marat by Fabre d'Eglantine);
II。; 259 and I。; 83。 … 〃Journal de la Republique Fran?aise;〃 by
Marat; No。93; January 9; 1793。 〃 I devote only two out of the twenty
four hours to sleep; and only one hour to my meals; toilette and
domestic necessities。 。 。 I have not taken fifteen minutes
recreation for more than three years。〃
'3' Chevremont; I。; pp。 I and 2。 His family; on the father's side;
was Spanish; long settled in Sardinia。 The father; Dr。 Jean Mara;
had abandoned Catholicism and removed to Geneva where he married a
woman of that city; he afterwards established himself in the canton of
Neufchatel。
'4' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise〃 No。98; description of 〃l'Ami
du peuple〃 by himself。
'5' Read his novel 〃Les Aventures du jeune comte Potowski;〃 letter 5;
by Lucile: 〃I think of Potowski only。 My imagination; inflamed at the
torch of love; ever presents to me his sweet image。〃 Letter of
Potowski after his marriage。 〃Lucile now grants to love all that
modesty permits 。 。 。 enjoying such transports of bliss; I believe
that the gods are jealous of my lot。〃
'6' Preface; XX。 〃Descartes; Helvetius; Haller; Lelat all ignored
great principles; Man; with them; is an enigma; an impenetrable
secret。〃 He says in a foot…note; 〃We find evidence of this in the
works of Hume; Voltaire; Bonnet; Racine and Pascal。〃
'7' 〃Mémoires Académiques sur la Lumière;〃 pref。; VII。 He
especially opposes 〃the differential refrangibility of heterogeneous
rays〃 which is 〃the basis of Newton's theory。〃
'8' Chevremont; I。; 74。 (See the testimony of Arago; Feb。24; 1844)。
'9' Ibid。; I。; 104。 (Sketch of a declaration of the rights of man and
of the citizen)。
'10' See the epigraph of his 〃Mémoires sur la Lumiere。〃 〃They will
force their way against wind and tide。〃 … Ibid。; preface; VII。
〃Déconvertes de Monsieur Marat;〃 1780; 2nd ed。; p。 140。
'11' 〃Recherches physiques sur l'electricité;〃 1782; pp。13; 17。
'12' Chevremont; I。; 59。
'13' 〃De l'Homme;〃 preface VII。 and book IV。
'14' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise;〃 No 98。
'15' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise;〃 by Marat; No。 I。
'16' 〃 L'Ami du Peuple〃 No。 173。 (July 26; 1790)。 The memories of
conceited persons; given to immoderate self…expansion; are largely at
fault。 I have seen patients in asylums who; believing in their
exalted position; have recounted their successes in about the same
vein as Marat。 (Chevremont; I。; 40; 47; 54)。 〃The reports of
extraordinary cures effected by me brought me a great crowd of the
sick。 The street in front of my door was blocked with carriages。
People came to consult me from all quarters。 。 。 。 The abstract of
my experiments on Light finally appeared and it created a prodigious
sensation throughout Europe; the newspapers were all filled with it。
I had the court and the town in my house for six months。 。 。 。 The
Academy; finding that it could not stifle my discoveries tried to make
it appear that they had emanated from its body。〃 Three academic bodies
came in turn the same day to see if he would not present himself as a
candidate。 … 〃Up to the present time several crowned heads have
sought me and always on account of the fame of my works。〃
'17' 〃Journal de la République Fran?aise;〃 July 6 1793。
'18' Moniteur; (Session of the Convention; Sep。25; 1792)。 Marat;
indeed; is constantly claiming the post of temporary dictator。
(〃L'Ami du peuple;〃 Nos。 258; 268; 466; 668 and 〃Appel à la nation;〃
p。53)。
'19' Moniteur; (Session of the Convention; Sep。25; 1792)。 Marat;
indeed; is constantly claiming the post of temporary dictator。
(〃L'Ami du peuple;〃 Nos。 258; 268; 466; 668 and 〃Appel à la nation;〃
p。53)。
'20' Moniteur; (Session of the Convention; Sep。25; 1792)。 Marat;
indeed; is constantly claiming the post of temporary dictator。
(〃L'Ami du peuple;〃 Nos。 258; 268; 466; 668 and 〃Appel à la nation;〃
p。53)。
'21' Chevremont; I。; 40。 (Marat's letters; 1793)。
'22' Journal de la Republique Fran?aise; No。98。
'23' The words of Marat and Panes。 (Chevremont; I。; 197; 203; also
〃The Revolution〃 II。; 290; 2nd note)。
'24' Michelet; 〃Histoire de la Révolution;〃 II。; 89。 (Narrated by M。
Bourdier; Marat's physician; to M。 Serre; the physiologist)。
Barbaroux; 〃Mémoires;〃 355; (after a visit to Marat): 〃You should see
how superficially Marat composed his articles。 Without any knowledge
of a public man he would ask the first person he met what he thought
of him and this he wrote down; exclaiming 'I'll crush the rascal!'〃
'25' Chevremont; I。; 361。 (From a pamphlet against Necker; by Marat;
July; 1790)。
'26' 〃L'Ami du Peuple;〃 No。552。 (August 30; 1791)。
'27' Ibid。; No。626。 (Dec。 15;