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crime had encroached upon。  The national Convention has proclaimed its

rights。  A general list of all prisoners should be sent to the

Committee of General Security; charged with deciding on their fate。

The Committee of Public Safety will receive the statement of the

indigent in each commune so as to regulate what is due to them。  Both

these proceedings demand the utmost dispatch and should go together。

It is necessary that terror and justice be brought to bear on all

points at once。  The Revolution is the work of the people and it is

time they should have the benefit of it。〃



'69' Moniteur; XX。; 449。  (Report by Barère; Floréal 22; year II。)



'70' Decree of April 2…5; 1793。



'71' Moniteur; XVIII。; 505。  (Orders of Fouché and Collet d'Herbois;

dated at Lyons and communicated to the commune of Paris; Frimaire 3;

year II。) … De Martel; 〃Etude sur Fouché;〃 132。  Orders of Fouché on

his mission in the Nievre; Sept。  19; 1793。  〃There shall be

established in each district town a Committee of Philanthropy;

authorized to levy on the rich a tax proportionate to the number of

the indigent。〃



'72' Decree of April 2…5; 1793。  〃There shall be organized in each

large commune a guard of citizens selected from the least fortunate。

These citizens shall be armed and paid at the expense of the

Republic。〃



'73' Moniteur; XX。; 449。  (Report of Barère; Floréal 22; year II。)



'74' Ibid。; XIX。; 689。  (Report by Saint…Just; Vent?se 23; year II。)

〃We spoke of happiness。  It is not the happiness of Persepolis we

have offered to you。  It is that of Sparta or Athens in their best

days; the happiness of virtue; that of comfort and moderation; the

happiness which springs from the enjoyment of the necessary without

the superfluous; the luxury of a cabin and of a field fertilized by

your own hands。 A cart; a thatched roof affording shelter from the

frosts; a family safe from the lubricity of a robber … such is happiness!〃



'75' Buchez et Roux; XXXI。; 402。  (Constitution of 1793。)



'76' Ibid。  XXXV。; 310。  (〃Institutions〃; by Saint…Just。)



'77' Ibid。; XXVI。; 93 and 131。  (Speech by Robespierre on property;

April 24; 1793; and declaration of rights adopted by the Jacobin

Club。) … Mallet…Dupan; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 401。  (Address of a deputation

from Gard。) 〃Material wealth is no more the special property of any

one member of the social body than base metal stamped as a circulating

medium。〃



'78' Moniteur; VIII。; 452。  (Speech by Hébert in the Jacobin Club;

Brumaire 26; year II。) 〃Un Séjour en France de 1792 à 1795;〃 p。218。

(Amiens; Oct。  4; 1794。) 〃While waiting this morning at a shop door I

overheard a beggar bargaining for a slice of pumpkin。  Unable to agree

on the price with the woman who kept the shop he pronounced her

'corrupted with aristocracy。' 'I defy you to prove it!' she replied。

But; as she spoke; she turned pale and added; 'Your civism is beyond

all question … but take your pumpkin。' 'Ah;' returned the beggar;

'what a good republican!'〃



'79' Ibid。; XVIII。; 320。  (Meeting of Brumaire 11; year II。  Report by

Barère。) … Meillan; 17。  Already; before the 31st May: 〃The tribune

resounded with charges against monopoly; every man being a monopolist

who was not reduced to living on daily wages or on alms。〃



'80' Decrees of July 26; 1793; Sept。  11 and 29; Brumaire 11; and

Vent?se 6; year II。



'81' Moniteur; XVIII。; 359。  〃Brumaire 16; year II。  Sentence of death

of Pierre Gourdier; thirty…six years of age; stock…broker; resident in

Paris; rue Bellefond; convicted of having monopolized and concealed in

his house a large quantity of bread; in order to bread scarcity in the

midst of abundance。〃 He had gastritis and could eat nothing but panada

made with toast; and the baker who furnished this gave him thirty

pieces at a time (Wallon; II。; 155)。



'82' Journal of the debates of the Jacobin Club; No。  532; Brumaire

20; year II。  (Plan of citizen Dupré; presented in the Convention by a

deputation of the Arcis Club。) … Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794;〃 p。  483 (a

project similar to the former; presented to the Committee of Public

Safety by the Jacobin Club of Montereau; Thermidor; year II。)



'83' These proposals should come to haunt western civilization for a

long time。  (SR。)



'84' Buchez et Roux; XXXV。; 272。  (〃Institutions;〃 by Saint…Just。)



'85' These ideas were still powerful even before Taine wrote these

words in 1882。  The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations cites a

declaration made by 47 anarchists on trial after their uprising in

Lyons in 1870: 〃We wish; in a word; equality … equality in fact as

corollary; or rather; as primordial condition of liberty。  From each

according to his faculties; to each according to his needs; that is

what we wish sincerely and energetically。〃



'86' Buchez et Roux; XXXI; 273; (Report by Robespierre; Pluvi?se17;

year II。  (7 Feb。  1794)。



'87' Moniteur; XIX (Rapport by Barère; Vent?se 21; an II)。  〃You

should detect and combat federalism in all your institutions; as your

natural enemy。。。。A grand central establishment for all the work of the

Republic is an effective means against federalism。〃 … Buchez et Roux;

XXXI; 351; et XXXII; 316 (Rapports by Saint…Just; Vent?se 23 et

Germinal 26; year II)。  〃Immorality is a federalism in the civil

state。。。Civil federalism; by isolating all parts of the state; has

dried up abundance。〃



'88' Decree of Germinal 26…29; year II。  Financial companies are and

hereby remain suppressed。  All bankers; commission merchants; and

other persons; are forbidden to form any establishment of this order

under any pretext or under any denomination。〃



'89' 〃 Memoires de Carnot;〃 I。; 278 (Report by Carnot)。  〃That is not

family life。  If there are local privileges there will soon be

individual privileges and local aristocracy will bring along in its

train the aristocracy of inhabitants。〃



'90' Moniteur; XIX。; 683 (Rapport by Barère; Vent?se 21; year II)。  

This report should be read in full to comprehend the communistic and

centralizing spirit of the Jacobins。  (Undoubtedly Lenin; during his

years in Paris; had read Taine's footnote and asked the national

library for a copy of this rapport。  SR。)



'91'  Fenet; 〃Travaux du Code civil;〃 105 (Rapports by Cambacérès;

August 9; 1793 and September 9; 1794)。  … Decrees of September 20;

1793 and Floréal 4; year II (On divorce)。  … Cf。  〃Institutions;〃 by

Saint…Just (Buchez et Roux; XXXV; 302)。  〃A man and woman who love

each other are married; if they have no children they may keep their

relationship secret。〃



'92' This article of the Jacobin program; like the others; has its

practical result。  … 〃At Paris; in the twenty…seven months after the

promulgation of the law of September; 1792; the courts granted five

thousand nine hundred and ninety…four divorces; and in year VI; the

number of divorces exceeded the marriages。〃 (Glasson; le Mariage civil

et le Divorce; 51。) … 〃The number of foundlings which; in 1790; in

France; did not exceed twenty…three thousand; is now (year X。) more

than sixty…three thousand。  〃Statistique de la Sarthe;〃 by Auvray;

prefect; year; X。) … In the Lot…et…Garonne (Statistique; by Peyre;

préfet; year X ); more than fifteen hundred foundlings are counted:

〃this extraordinary number increased during the Revolution through the

too easy admission of foundlings into the asylums; through the

temporary sojourning of soldiers in their homes; through the

disturbance of every moral and religious principle。〃 … 〃It is not rare

to find children of thirteen and fourteen talking and acting in a way

that would have formerly disgraced a young man of twenty。〃 (Moselle;

Analyse; by Ferrière。) … 〃The children of workmen are idle and

insubordinate; some indulge in the most shameful conduct against their

parents;〃 others try stealing and use the coarsest language。〃

(Meurthe; Statistique; by Marquis; préfet。) … Cf。  Anne Plumptre (A

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