the origins of contemporary france-4-第18章
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〃Cours〃 were thus whipped to death。 No women went out…doors without a
basked; while every man wore a jacket; without which they were taken
for aristocrats。 (II。; 94。)
'92' 〃Mémoires de Fréron。〃 (Collection Barrière and Berville)。
Letters of Fréron to Moise Bayle; Brumaire 23; Pluviose 5 and 11;
Novose 16; II; published by Moise Bayle; also details furnished by
Huard; pp。 350…365。 … Archives Nationales; AF。 II。; 144。 (Order of
representatives Fréron; Barras; Salicetti and Richard; Novose 17; year
II。)
'93' Mallet…Dupan; II。; 17。 … Guillon de Montléon; II。; 259。
'94' Ibid。; II。; 281。 (Decree of the Convention; Oct。 12); II。 312。
(Orders of Couthon and his colleagues; Oct。 25); II。; 366…372
(Instructions of the temporary commission; Brumaire 26)。
'95' Ibid。 III。; 153…156。 Letter of Laporte to Couthon; April 13;
1794。
'96' The contemporary French Encyclopedia 〃QUID〃 ed。 Lafont; 1996
states on page 755 that according to Louis Marie Prudhomme there were
31 000 victims at Lyons。 (SR。)
'97' Ibid。 II。 135…137。 (Resolutions of the Revolutionary
Commission; Germinal 17。) and Letters of Cadillot to Robespierre;
Floréal; year II)。 III。; 63。
'98' Guillon de Montléon; II。; 399。 (Letter of Perrotin; member of
the temporary commission to the revolutionary committee of Moulin。)
〃The work before the new commission may be considered as an
Organization of the Septembrisade; the process will be the same but
legalized by an act passed。〃
'99' Buchez et Roux; XXIX。; 192。 (Decree of October 12)。
'100' Ibid。; XXX。; 457。 (Decree of November 23)。
'101' 〃Mémoires de Fréron。〃 (Letter of Fréron; Nivose 6)。 … Guillon
de Montléon; II。; 391。
'102' Decrees of October 12 and December 24。 … Archives Nationales;
AF。 II。; 44。 The representatives on mission wanted to do the same
thing with Marseilles。 (Orders of Fréron; Barras; Salicetti; and
Ricard; Niv?se 17; year II。) 〃The name of Marseilles; still borne by
this criminal city; shall be changed。 The National Convention shall
be requested to give it another name。 Meanwhile it shall remain
nameless and be thus known。〃 In effect; in several subsequent
documents; Marseilles is called the nameless commune。
'103' Buchez et Roux; XXVIII。; 204。 (Session of June 24: 〃Strong
expressions of dissent are heard on the right。〃 Legendre; 〃I demand
that the first rebel; the first man there (pointing to the 〃Right〃
party) who interrupts the speaker; be sent to the Abbaye。〃 Couhey;
indeed; was sent to the Abbaye for applauding a Federalist speech。 …
Cf。 on these three months。 … Mortimer…Ternaux; vol。 VIII。
'104' Buchez et Roux; XXIX。; 175。 … Dauban: 〃La Démagogie à Paris en
1793;〃 436 (Narrative by Dulaure; an eye…witness)。
'105' There were really only twenty…two brought before the
revolutionary tribunal。
'106' Dauban; XXVI。; p。 440。 (Narrative of Blanqui; one of the
seventy…three。)
'107' Buchez et Roux。 XXIX。; 178; 179。 Osselin: 〃I demand the decree
of accusation against them all。〃 … Amar: 〃The apparently negative
conduct of the minority of the Convention since the 2nd of June; was a
new plot devised by Barbaroux。〃 Robespierre: 〃If there are other
criminals among those you have placed under arrest the Committee of
General Security will present to you the nomenclature of them and you
will always be at liberty to strike。〃
'108' Ibid。; XXIX。; 432; 437; 447。 … Report by Amar。 (this report
served as the bill of indictment against them; 〃cowardly satellites of
royal despotism; vile agents of foreign tyrants。〃 … Wallon; II。; 407;
409。 (Letter of Fouquier…Tinville to the convention)。 〃After the
special debates; will not each of the accused demand a general
prosecution? The trial; accordingly; will be interminable。 Besides;
one may ask why should there be witnesses? The convention; all France;
accuses those on trial。 The evidence of their crimes is plain;
everybody is convinced of their guilt。 。 。 。 It is the Convention
which must remove all formalities that interfere with the course
pursued by the tribunal。〃 … Moniteur; XVII。; (Session of October 28);
291。 The decree provoked by a petition of Jacobins; is passed on
motion of Osselin; aggravated by Robespierre。
'109' Louvet; 〃Mémoires;〃 321。 (List of the Girondists who perished
or who were proscribed。 Twenty…four fugitives survived。)
'110' Mortimer…Ternaux; VIII。; 395; 416; 435。 The terror and disgust
of the majority is seen in the small number of voters。 Their
abstention from voting is the more significant in relation to the
election of the dictators。 The members of the Committee of Public
Safety; elected on the 16th of July; obtain from one hundred to one
hundred and ninety…two votes。 The members of the Committee of
Security obtain from twenty…two to one hundred and thirteen votes。
The members of the same committee; renewed on the 11th of September;
obtain from fifty…two to one hundred and eight votes。 The judges of
the revolutionary tribunal; completed on the 3rd of August; obtain
from forty…seven to sixty…five votes。 … Meillan; 85。 (In relation to
the institution of the revolutionary government; on motion of Bazire;
Aug。 28)。 〃Sixty or eighty deputies passed this decree。 。 。 it
was preceded by another passed by a plurality of thirty against ten。
。 。 For two months the session the best attended; contains but one
hundred deputies。 The Montagnards overran the departments to deceive
or intimidate the people。 The rest; discouraged; keep away from the
meetings or take no part in the proceedings。〃
'111' The meaning and motives of this declaration are clearly
indicated in Bazire's speech。 〃Since the adoption of the
Constitution;〃 he says; 〃Feuillantism has raised its head; a struggle
has arisen between energetic and moderate patriots。 At the end of the
Constituent Assembly; the Feuillants possessed themselves of the words
law; order; public; peace; security; to enchain the zeal of the
friends of freedom; the same man?uvres are practiced to…day。 You must
shatter the weapon in your enemies' hands; which they use against
you。〃 … Durand…Maillane; 154。 〃The simple execution of constitutional
laws;〃 said Bazire; 〃made for peaceable times; would be impotent among
the conspiracies that surround you。〃 … Meillan; 108。
'112' Moniteur; XVIII; 106。 (Report of Saint…Just on the organization
of the revolutionary government; October 10th; and the decree in
conformity therewith。) Ibid。; 473。 (Report of Billaud…Varennes on a
mode of provisional and revolutionary government; Nov。 18th; and
decree in conformity therewith。) … Ib。; 479 (session of Nov。 22nd;
1793;。… Speech of Hébrard; spokesman of a deputation from Cantal)。 〃A
central committee of surveillance; a revolutionary army; has been
established in our department。 Aristocrats; suspects; the doubtful;
moderates; egoists; all gentlemen without distinguishing those who
have done nothing for the revolution from those who have acted against
it; await in retirement the ulterior measures required by the
interests of the Republic。 I have said without distinction of the
indifferent from the suspects; for we hold to these words of Solon's:
〃 He who is not with us is against us。〃
'113' The trousers used in pre…Revolutionary France by the nobility
was called culottes; they terminated just below the knee where the
long cotton or silken stockings would begin。 The less affluent used
long trousers and no socks and became known as the Sans…culottes which
became ; as mentioned in vol。 II。 a nickname for the revolutionary
proletariat。 (SR。)
'114' Moniteur; (Speech by Danton; March 26; 1794。) 〃In creating
revolutionary committees the desire was to establish a species of
dictatorship of citizens the most devoted to liberty over those who
rendered themselves suspects。〃
'115' Mallet…Dupan; II。; 8。 (February; 1794)。 〃At this m