the origins of contemporary france-4-第175章
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gives a correct impression of it in his 〃Correspondance avec la cour
de Vienne;〃 also in the 〃Mercure Britannique。〃
'91' Sauzay; X。; chaps。 8o and 90。 … Ludovic Sciout; IV。; ch。 17。
(See especially in Sauzay; X。; pp。170 and 281; the instructions given
by Duval; December 16; 1796; and the circulars of Fran?ois de
Neufchateau from November 20; 1798; down to June 18; 1798; each of
these pieces being a masterpiece in its way。
'92' 〃Journal d'un Bourgeois d'Evreux;〃 p。134。 〃June 7; 1798。〃 〃The
day following the décade; the gardeners; who as usual came to show
themselves off on the main street; were fined six livres for having
treated with contempt and broken the décade。〃 January 21; 1799。
〃Those who were caught working on the décade; were fined three livres
for the first offence if they were caught more than once the fine was
doubled and it was even followed by imprisonment〃
'93' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 160。 Examples of 〃individual motives〃
alleged to justify the sentence of transportation。 One has refused to
baptize an infant whose parents were only married civilly。 Another
has 〃declared to his audience that the catholic marriage was the
best。〃 Another 〃has fanaticized。〃 Another 〃has preached pernicious
doctrines contrary to the constitution。〃 Another 〃may; by his
presence; incite disturbances;〃 etc。 Among the condemned we find
septuagenarians; known priests and even married priests。 … Ibid。;
634; 637。
'94' Sauzay; IX。; 715。。 (List of names。)
'95' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 656。
'96' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 September 7; 1798。 … Ibid。;
February 26; 1799。 〃In Belgium priests are lodged in the Carmelites
(convent)。〃 September 9; 1799。 〃Two more carts are sent full of
priests for the islands of Rhé and Oléron。〃
'97' Thibaudeau; II。。 318; 321。 … Mallet…Dupan; II。; 357; 368。 The
plan went farther: 〃All children of emigrants;〃 or of those falsely
accused of being such; 〃left in France; shall be taken from their
relatives and confided to republican tutors; and the republic shall
administer their property。〃
'98' In reading about this Lenin and Stalin must have been inspired to
create their Goulags to which not only Russian and Estonian 〃petit
Bourgeois;〃 but also other undesirable national groups were sent。
(SR。)
'99' Decree of Frimaire 9; year VI。 (Exceptions in favor of the
actual members of the Directory; ministers; military men on duty; and
the members of the diverse National Assemblies; except those who in
the constituent Assembly protested against the abolition of nobility。)
One of the speakers; a future count of the Empire; proposed that every
noble claiming his inscription on the civic registers should sign the
following declaration: 〃As man and as republican; I equally detest the
insolent superstition which pretends to distinctions of birth; and the
cowardly and shameful superstition which believes in and maintains
it。〃
'100' Decree of Fructidor 19; year II。
'101' Lally…Tollendal; 〃Défense des Emigrés;〃 (Paris。 1797; 2nd part;
49; 62; 74。 Report of Portalis to the Council of Five Hundred; Feb。
18; 1796。 〃Regard that innumerable class of unfortunates who have
never left the republican soil。〃 … Speech by Dubreuil; Aug。26; 1796。
〃The supplementary list in the department of Avignon bears 1004 or
1005 names。 And yet I can attest to you that there are not six names
on this enormous list justly put down as veritable emigrants。〃
'102' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 619。 (Report of the Yonne administration;
Frimaire; year VI。) 〃The gendarmerie went to the houses; in Sens as
well as Auxerre; of several of the citizens inscribed on the lists of
émigrés who were known never to have left their commune since the
Revolution began。 As they have not been found it is probable that
they have withdrawn into Switzerland; or that they are soliciting you
to have their names stricken off。〃
'103' Decrees of Vendémiaire 20 and Frimaire 9; year VI。 … Decree of
Messidor 10。
'104' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃 Mémoires。〃 (Before the Revolution he
enjoyed an income of fifty thousand livres; of which only five
thousand remain。) 〃Madame Amelot likewise reduced; rents her mansion
for a living。 Through the same delicacy as our own she did not avail
herself of the facility offered to her of indemnifying her creditors
with assignats。〃 Another lady; likewise ruined; seeks a place in some
country house in order that herself and son may live。〃 … 〃Statistique
de la Moselle;〃 by Colchen; préfet; year VI。 〃A great many people
with incomes have perished through want and through payment of
interest in paper…money and the reduction of Treasury bonds。〃 … Dufort
de Cheverney; Ibid。; March; 1799。 〃The former noblesse and even
citizens who are at all well…off need not depend on any
amelioration。。。。 They must expect a complete rescission of bodies and
goods。。。。 Pecuniary resources are diminishing more and more。。。。
Impositions are starving the country。〃 … Mallet…Dupan; 〃Mercure
Britannique;〃 January 25; 1799。 〃Thousands of invalids with wooden
legs garrison the houses of the tax…payers who do not pay according to
the humor of the collectors。 The proportion of impositions as now
laid in relation to those of the ancient regime in the towns generally
is as 88 to 32。〃
'105' De Tocqueville; 〃?uvres complètes;〃 V。; 65。 (Extracts from
secret reports on the state of the Republic; September 26; 1799。)
'106' Decree of Messidor 24; year VI。
'107' De Barante; 〃Histoire du Directoire;〃 III。; 456。
'108' A。 Sorel; 〃 Revue Historique;〃 No。1; for March and May; 1882。
〃Les Frontières Constitutionelles en 1795。〃 The treaties concluded in
1795 with Tuscany; Prussia and Spain show that peace was easy and that
the recognition of the Republic was effected even before the
Republican government was organized。 。 。 。 。 that France; whether
monarchical or republican; had a certain limit which French power was
not to overstep; because this was not in proportion to the real
strength of France; nor with the distribution of force among the other
European governments。 On this capital point the convention erred; it
erred knowingly; through a long…meditated calculation; which
calculation; however; was false。 and France paid dearly for its
consequences。〃 … Mallet…Dupan; II。; 288; Aug。 23; 1795。 〃The
monarchists and many of the deputies in the Convention sacrificed all
the conquests to hasten on and obtain peace。 But the fanatical
Girondists and Siéyès' committee persisted in the tension system。
They were governed by three motives: 1; the design of extending their
doctrine along with their territory; 2; the desire of successively
federalizing the States of Europe with the French Republic; and 3;
that of prolonging a partial war which also prolongs extraordinary
powers and revolutionary resources。〃 Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 476。
(Report to the Committee of Public Safety; Messidor 28; year II。) 〃It
seems much wiser to restrict our plans of aggrandizement to what is
purely necessary in order to obtain the maximum security of our
country。〃 … Ibid。; II。; 132; 134 and 136。 (Letters to Bonaparte; Oct。
28; 1796; and Jan。 1; 1797。) 〃It would be imprudent to fan the
revolutionary flame in Italy too strongly 。 。 。 。 They desired to
have you work out the Revolution in Piedmont; Milan; Rome and Naples;
I thought it better to treat with these countries; draw subsidies from
them; and make use of their own organization to keep them under
control。〃
'109' Carnot; ibid。; II。 147。 〃Barras; addressing me like a madman;
said; 'Yes; it is to you we owe that infamous treaty of Leoben!'〃
'110' Andre Lebon; 〃L'Angleterre et l'Emigration Fran?aise;〃 p。235。
(Letter of Wickam; June 27; 1797; words of Barthélemy to M。
d'Aubigny。)
'111' Lord Malmesbury; 〃Diary;〃 III。; 541。 (September 9; 1797。) 〃The
violent revolution which has taken place at Paris has