the origins of contemporary france-4-第167章

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*　furniture　and　works　of　art　at　Milan　and　in　other　towns；　5　millions；



*　furniture　and　works　of　art　in　the　Venetian　towns　and　palaces　of

Brenta；　6；　500；000；



*　the　spoils　of　Rome　sacked；　as　formerly　by　the　mercenaries　of　the　Duc

de　Bourbon；　collections　of　antiques；　pictures；　bronzes；　statues；　the

treasures　of　the　Vatican　and　of　palaces；　jewels；　even　the　pastoral

ring　of　the　Pope；　which　the　Directorial　commissary　himself　wrests　from

the　Pope's　finger；　43　millions；



and　all　this　without　counting　analogous　articles；　and　especially

direct　assessments　levied　on　this　or　that　individual　as　rich　or　a

proprietor；＇124＇　veritable　ransoms；　similar　to　those　demanded　by　the

bandits　of　Calabria　and　Greece；　extorted　from　any　traveler　they

surprise　on　the　highway。　　…



Naturally　operations　of　this　kind　cannot　be　carried　on　without

instruments　of　constraint；　the　Parisian　manipulators　must　have

military　automatons；　〃saber　hilts　〃　in　sufficient　numbers。　　Now；

through　constant　slashing；　a　good　many　hilts　break；　and　the　broken

ones　must　be　replaced；　in　October；　1798；　200；000new　ones　are　required；

while　the　young　men　drafted　for　the　purpose　fail　to　answer　the　summons

and　fly；　and　even　resist　with　arms；　especially　in　Belgium；＇125＇　by

maintaining　a　revolt　for　many　months；　with　this　motto：　〃Better　die

here　than　elsewhere。〃＇126＇　　To　compel　their　return；　they　are　hunted

down　and　brought　to　the　depot　with　their　hands　tied。　　If　they　hide

away；　soldiers　are　stationed　in　their　parents'　houses。　　If　the

conscript　or　drafted　man　has　sought　refuge　in　a　foreign　country；　even

in　an　allied　country　as　in　Spain；　he　is　officially　inscribed　on　the

list　of　émigrés；　and　therefore；　in　case　of　return；　shot　within　twenty…

four　hours；　meanwhile；　his　property　is　sequestrated　and　likewise　that

of　〃his　father；　mother　and　grandparents。〃＇127＇　　〃Formerly；〃　says　a

contemporary；　〃reason　and　philosophy　thundered　against　the　rigors　of

punishment　inflicted　on　deserters；　but；　since　French　reason　has

perfected　Liberty　it　is　no　longer　the　small　class　of　regular　soldiers

whose　evasion　is　punished　with　death；　but　an　entire　generation。　　An

extreme　penalty　no　longer　suffices　for　these　legislative

philanthropists：　they　add　confiscation；　they　despoil　parents　for　the

misdemeanors　of　their　children；　and　render　even　women　responsible　for

a　military　and　personal　offence。〃



　Such　is　the　admirable　calculation　of　the　Directory　…　that；　if　it

loses　a　soldier　it　gains　a　patrimony；　and　if　the　patrimony　fails；　it

recovers　the　soldier：　in　any　event；　it　fills　its　coffers　and　its

ranks；　while　the　faction；　well　supplied　with　men；　may　continue　turning

all　Europe　to　account；　wasting；　in　the　operation；　as　many　French　lives

as　it　pleases；　requiring　more　than　one　hundred　thousand　men　per　annum；

which；　including　those　which　the　Convention　has　squandered；　makes

nearly　nine　hundred　thousand　in　eight　years。＇128＇　　At　this　moment　the

five　Directors　and　their　minions　are　completing　the　mowing　down　of　the

virile；　adult　strength　of　the　nation；＇129＇　and　we　have　seen　through

what　motives　and　for　what　object。　　I　do　not　believe　that　any　civilized

nation　was　ever　sacrificed　in　the　same　way；　for　such　a　purpose　and　by

such　rulers：　　the　crippled　remnant　of　a　faction　and　sect；　some

hundreds　of　preachers　no　longer　believing　in　their　creed；　usurpers　as

despised　as　they　are　detested；　second…rate　parvenus　raised　their　heads

not　through　their　capacity　or　merit；　but　through　the　blind　upheavals

of　a　revolution；　swimming　on　the　surface　for　lack　of　weight；　and；　like

foul　scum；　borne　along　to　the　crest　of　the　wave…such　are　the　wretches

who　strangle　France　under　the　pretence　of　setting　her　free；　who　bleed

her　under　the　pretence　of　making　her　strong；　who　conquer　populations

under　the　pretence　of　emancipating　them；　who　despoil　people　under　the

pretence　of　regenerating　them；　and　who；　from　Brest　to　Lucerne；　from

Amsterdam　to　Naples；　slay　and　rob　wholesale；　systematically；　to

strengthen　the　incoherent　dictatorship　of　their　brutality；　folly　and

corruption。



IX。　　　National　Disgust。



National　antipathy　to　the　established　order　of　things。　　…　Paralysis　of

the　State。　　…　Internal　discords　of　the　Jacobin　party。　　…　Coup　d'état

of　Floréal　22；　year　VI。　　…　Coup　d'état　of　Prairial　30；　year　VII。　　…

Impossibility　of　establishing　a　viable　government。　　…　Plans　of　Barras

and　Siéyès。



Once　again　has　triumphant　Jacobinism　shown　its　anti…social　nature；　its

capacity　for　destruction；　its　impotence　to　re…construct。　　…　The

nation；　vanquished　and　discouraged；　no　longer　resists；　but；　if　it

submits　it　is　as　to　a　pestilence；　while　its　transportations；　its

administrative　purifications；　its　decrees　placing　towns　in　a　state　of

siege；　its　daily　violence；　only　exasperate　the　mute　antipathy。



　〃Everything　has　been　done；〃　says　an　honest　Jacobin；＇130＇　〃to　alienate

the　immense　majority　of　citizens　from　the　Revolution　and　the　Republic；

even　those　who　had　contributed　to　the　downfall　of　the　monarchy。　　。　　。

Instead　of　seeing　the　friends　of　the　Revolution　increase　as　we　have

advanced　on　the　revolutionary　path　。　　。　　。　　。　　we　see　our　ranks

thinning　out　and　the　early　defenders　of　liberty　deserting　our　cause。〃



It　is　impossible　for　the　Jacobins　to　rally　France　and　reconcile　her　to

their　ways　and　dogmas；　and　on　this　point　their　own　agents　leave　no

illusion。



〃Here；〃　writes　the　Troyes　agent；＇131＇　〃public　spirit　not　only　needs　to

be　revived；　but　it　needs　to　be　re…created。　　Scarcely　one…fifth　of　the

citizens　side　with　the　government；　and　this　fifth　is　hated　and

despised　by　the　majority。　　。　　。　　。　　Who　attend　upon　and　celebrate　the

national　fêtes？　Public　functionaries　whom　the　law　summons　to　them；　and

many　of　these　fêtes　often　dispense　with　them。　　It　is　the　same　public

spirit　which　does　not　allow　honest　folks　to　take　part　in　them　and　in

the　addresses　made　at　them；　and　which　keeps　those　women　away　who　ought

to　be　their　principal　ornament。　　。　　。　　。　　The　same　public　spirit　looks

only　with　indifference　and　contempt　on　the　republican；　heroic　actions

given　on　the　stage；　and　welcomes　with　transport　all　that　bears　any

allusion　to　royalty　and　the　ancient　régime。　　The　parvenus　themselves

of　the　Revolution；　the　generals；　the　deputies；　dislike　Jacobin

institutions；＇132＇　they　place　children　in　the　chapel　schools　and　send

them　to　the　confessional；　while　the　deputies　who；　in　'92　and　'93；

showed　the　most　animosity　to　priests；　do　not　consider　their　daughter

well　brought　up　unless　she　has　made　her　first　communion。　〃　…



The　little　are　still　more　hostile　than　the　great。



　〃A　fact　unfortunately　too　true；〃　writes　the　commissary　of　a　rural

canton；＇133＇　〃is　that　the　people　en　masse　seem　not　to　want　any　of　our

institutions。　　。　　。　　。　　It　is　considered　well…bred；　even　among　country

folks；　to　show　disdain　for　everything　characteristic　of　republican

usages。　　。　　。　　Our　rich　farmers；　who　have　profited　most　by　the

Revolution；　are　the　bitterest　enemies　of　its　forms：　any　citizen　who

depended　on　them　for　the　slightest　favor　and　thought　it　well　to

address　them　as　citizen；　would　be　turned　out　of　their　houses。〃



　To　call　someone　Citizen　is　an　insult；　and　patriot　a　still　greater

one；　for　this　term　signifies　Jacobin；　partisan；　murderer；　robber＇134＇

and；　as　they　were　then　styled；　〃man…eaters。〃　What　is　worse　is　that　a

falsification　of　the　word　has　brought　discredit　on　the　thing。　　…

Nobody；　say　the　reports；　troubles　himself　about　the　general

interest；＇135＇　nobody　will　serve　as　national　guard　or　mayor。



　〃Public　spirit　has　fallen　into　such　a　lethargic　slumber　as　to　make

one　fear　its　complete　collapse。　　Our　successes　or　our　failures　excite

neither　uneasiness　nor　pleasure。＇136＇　It　seems；　on　reading　the

accounts　of　battles；　as　if　it　were　the　history　of　another　people。　　The

changes　that　take　place　within　our　borders　no　longer　excite　any

emotion；　one　asks　out　of　curiosity；　one　is　answered　without　any

interest；　one　learns　with　indifference。〃