the origins of contemporary france-4-第148章
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trade any more than if it had never existed。〃
'36' Dr。 Ja?n; 〃Choix de documents et lettres privées trouvees dans
des papiers de famille;〃 p。144。 (Letter of Géd?on Ja?n; banker at
Paris; November 18; 1793。) 〃Business carried on with difficulty and at
a great risk occasion frequent and serious losses; credit and
resources being almost nothing。〃
'37' Archives Nationales; F。7; 2475。 (Letters of Thullier; procureur…
syndic of the Paris department; September 7 and 10; 1793。 … Report by
a member of the Piques section; September 8 and 10; 1793。 … Cf。 the
petitions of traders and lawyers imprisoned at Troyes; Strasbourg;
Bordeaux; etc。 … Archives Nationales; AF。;II。; 271。 Letter of
Francastel: 〃At least three thousand monopolist aristocrats have been
arrested at Nantes。。。。 and this is not the last purification。〃
'38' Decrees of May 4; 15; 19; 20 and 23; and of August 30; 1793。 …
Decrees of July 26; August 15; September II; 1793; and February 24;
1794。 … Camille Boursier; 〃Essai sur la Terreur en Anjou;〃 p。 254。
(Letter of Buissart to his friend Maximilian Robespierre; Arras;
Pluviose 14; year II。) 〃we are dying with starvation in the midst of
abundance; I think that the mercantile aristocracy ought to be killed
out like the nobles and priests。 The communes; with the help of a
storehouse of food and goods must alone be allowed to trade。 This
idea; well carried out; can be realized; then; the benefits of trade
will turn to the advantage of the Republic; that is to say; to the
advantage of buyer and seller。〃
'39' Archives Nationales; AF。; II。; 49。 (Documents on the levy of
revolutionary taxes; Belfort; Brumaire 30; year II。) 〃 Verneur; sr。;
taxed at ten thousand livres; for having withheld goods deposited with
him by his sister; in order to save them from the coming taxation。〃
Campardon I。; 292。 (Judgments of the revolutionary commission at
Strasbourg。) … 〃The head…clerk in Hecht's apothecary shop is accused
of selling two ounces of rhubarb and manna at fifty…four sous; Hecht;
the proprietor; is condemned to a fine of fifteen thousand livres。
Madeleine Meyer; at Rosheim; a retailer; is accused of selling a
candle for ten sous and is condemned to a fine of one thousand livres;
payable in three days。 Braun; butcher and bar…keeper; accused of
having sold a glass of wine for twenty sous; is condemned to a fine of
forty thousand francs; to be imprisoned until this is paid; and to
exposure in the pillory before his own house for four hours; with this
inscription: debaser of the national currency。〃 … 〃 Recueil de Pieces;
etc。; at Strasbourg;〃 (supplement; pp。 21; 30; 64)。 〃Marie Ursule
Schnellen and Marie Schultzmann; servant; accused of monopolising
milk。 The former is sentenced to the pillory for one day under a
placard; monopoliser of milk; and to hold in one hand the money and;
in the other; the milk…pot; the other; a servant with citizen Benner。
。 。 。 he; the said Benner; is sentenced to a fine of three hundred
livres; payable in three days。〃 … 〃 Dorothy Franz; convicted of having
sold two heads of salad at twenty sous; and of thus having depreciated
the value of assignats; is sentenced to a fine of three thousand
livres; imprisonment for six weeks and exposure in the pillory for two
hours。〃 … Ibid。; I。; 18。 〃A grocer; accused of having sold sugar…
candy at lower than the rate; although not comprised in the list; is
sentenced to one hundred thousand livres fine and imprisonment until
peace is declared。〃 … Orders by Saint…Just and Lebas; Nivose 3; year
II。 〃The criminal court of the department of the Lower…Rhine is
ordered to destroy the house of any one convicted of having made sales
below the rates fixed by the maximum;〃 consequently; the house of one
Schauer; a furrier; is torn down; Nivose 7。
'40' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。 322。 (Letter by Haupt;
Belfort; Brumaire 3; year II。) 〃On my arrival here; I found the law of
the maximum promulgated and in operation。。 。 (but) the necessary
steps have not been taken to prevent a new monopoly by the country
people; who have flocked in to the shops of the dealers; carried off
all their goods and created a factitious dearth。〃
'41' Archives Nationales; F。7; 4421。 (Petitions of merchants and
shop…keepers at Troyes in relation to the revolutionary tax;
especially of hatters; linen; cotton and woollen manufacturers;
weavers and grocers。 There is generally a loss of one…half; and
sometimes of three…fourths of the purchase money。)
'42' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。330。 (Letter of Brutus;
Marseilles; Nivose 6; year II。) 〃Since the maximum everything is
wanting at Marseilles。〃 … Ibid。 (Letter by Soligny and Gosse;
Thionville; Nivose 5; year II。) 〃No peasant is willing to bring
anything to market。 。 。 They go off six leagues to get a better
price and thus the communes which they once supplied are famishing 。。
According as they are paid in specie or assignats the difference often
amounts to two hundred per cent。; and nearly always to one hundred per
cent。〃 … 〃 Un Sejour en France;〃 pp。 188…189。 … Archives Nationales;
D。。 § I。; file 2。 (Letter of Representative Albert; Germinal 19;
year II。; and of Joffroy; national agent; district of Bar…sur…Aube;
Germinal 5; year III。 〃The municipalities have always got themselves
exempted from the requisitions; which all fall on the farmers and
proprietors unable to satisfy them。。。。 The allotment among the tax…
payers is made with the most revolting inequality。。。。 Partiality
through connections of relatives and of friendship。〃
'43' Decrees of September 29; 1793 (articles 8 and 9); of May 4 and
20; and June 26; 1794。 … Archives Nationales; AF。; II。; 68…72。
(Orders of the Committee of Public Safety; Prairial 26; year II。) 〃The
horses and wagons of coal peddlers; the drivers accustomed to taking
to Paris by law a portion of the supply of coal used in baking in the
department of Seine…et…Marne; are drafted until the 1st of Brumaire
next; for the transportation of coal to Paris。 During this time they
cannot be drafted for any other service。〃 (A good many orders in
relation to provisions and articles of prime necessity may be found in
these files; mostly in the handwriting of Robert Lindet。)
'44' Cf。 〃The Revolution;〃 II。; 69。 … Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794。〃
(Report by Pouvoyeur; March 15; 1794。) 〃A report has been long
circulated that all the aged were to be slaughtered; there is not a
place where this falsehood is not uttered。〃
'45' Archives Nationales; F。7; 4435; file 10; letters of Collot
d'Herbois; Brumaire 17 and 19; year II。 … De Martel; 〃Fouché;〃 340;
341。 Letters of Collot d'Herbois; November 7 and 9; 1793。
'46' De Martel; ibid。; 462。 (Proclamation by Javogues; Pluviose 13;
year II。)
'47' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。 330。 (Letter of Brutus;
political agent; Niv?se 6。)
'48' Archives Nationales; AF。; II。; 116。 (Orders of Taillefer and
Marat…Valette; and Deliberations of the Directory of Lot; Brumaire 20;
year II。)
'49' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vol。 331。 (Letter of the
agent Bertrand; Frimaire 3。)
'50' Ibid。; vol。 1332。 (Letter of the agent Chépy; Brumaire 2。)
'51' Ibid。; vol。1411。 (Letter of Blessmann and Hauser; Brumaire 30。)
… Ibid。 (Letter of Haupt; Belfort; Brumaire 29。) 〃I believe that
Marat's advice should be followed here and a hundred scaffolds be
erected; there are not guillotines enough to cut off the heads of the
monopolists。 I shall do what I can to have the pleasure of seeing one
of these damned bastards play hot cockles。〃
'52' Ibid。; vol。333。 (Letter of Garrigues; Pluvi?se 16。)
'53' 〃Souvenirs et Journal d'un Bourgeois d'Evreux;〃 pp。83…85。 (June
and July; 1794。) … Ibid。; at Nantes。 … Dauban; 〃Paris en 1794;〃
p。194; March 4。
'54' Archives des Affaires étrangères; vols。 331 and 332。 (Letters
of Désgranges; Frimaire 3 and