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Port…Libre。) … On prison management cf。; for the provinces; 〃Tableaux

des Prisons de Toulouse;〃 by Pescayre; 〃Un Sejour en France;〃 and 〃Les

Horreurs des Prisons d'Arras;〃 for Arras and Amiens; Alexandrines des

Echerolles; 〃Une Famille noble sous la Terreur;〃 for Lyons; the trial

of Carrier for Nantes; for Paris; 〃Histoire des Prisons〃 by Nougaret;

4 vols。; and the 〃Mémoires sur les Prisons;〃 2 vols。



'17' Testimony of Representative Blanqui; imprisoned at La Force; and

of Representative Beaulieu; imprisoned in the Luxembourg and at the

Madelonettes。  … Beaulieu; 〃Essais;〃 V。; 290: 〃The conciergerie was

still full of wretches held for robbery and assassination; poverty…

stricken and repulsive。  … It was with these that counts; marquises;

voluptuous financiers; elegant dandies; and more than one wretched

philosopher; were shut up; pell…mell; in the foulest cells; waiting

until the guillotine could make room in the chambers filled with camp…

bedsteads。  They were generally put with those on the straw; on

entering; where they sometimes remained a fortnight。。。  It was

necessary to drink brandy with these persons; in the evening; after

having dropped their excrement near their straw; they went to sleep in

their filth。  。  。  。  I passed those three nights half…sitting; half…

stretched out on a bench; one leg on the ground and leaning against

the wall。〃 … Wallon; 〃La Terreur;〃 II。; 87。  (Report of Grandpré on

the Conciergerie; March 17; 1793。  〃Twenty…six men collected into one

room; sleeping on twenty…one mattresses; breathing the foulest air and

covered with half…rotten rags。〃 In another room forty…five men and ten

straw…beds; in a third; thirty…nine poor creatures dying in nine

bunks; in three other rooms; eighty miserable creatures on sixteen

mattresses filled with vermin; and; as to the women; fifty…four having

nine mattresses and standing up alternately。  … The worst prisons in

Paris were the Conciergerie; La Force; Le Plessis and Bicêtre。  …

〃Tableau des Prisons de Toulouse;〃 p。  316。  〃Dying with hunger; we

contended with the dogs for the bones intended for them; and we

pounded them up to make soup with。〃



'18' 〃Recueil de Pièces; etc。;〃 i。; p。3。  (Letter of Frédéric Burger;

Prairial 2; year II。)



'19' Alfred Lallier; 〃Les Noyades de Nantes;〃 p。  90。  … Campardon;

〃Histoire de Tribunal Révolutionnaire de Paris;〃 (trial of Carrier);

II。; 55。  (Deposition of the health…officer; Thomas。) 〃 I saw perish

in the revolutionary hospital (at Nantes) seventy…five prisoners in

two days。  None but rotten mattresses were found there; on each of

which the epidemic had consumed more than fifty persons。  At the

Entrepot; I found a number of corpses scattered about here and there。

I saw children; still breathing; drowned in tubs full of human

excrement。〃



'20' Narrative of the sufferings of unsworn priests; deported in 1794;

in the roadstead of Aix; passim。



'21' 〃Histoire des Prisons;〃 I。; 10。  〃Go and visit;〃 says a

contemporary; (at the Conciergerie); the dungeons called 'the great

C?sar;' 'Bombie;' 'St。  Vincent。' ' Bel Air;' etc。; and say whether

death is not preferable to such an abode。〃 Some persons; indeed; the

sooner to end the matter; wrote to the public prosecutor; accusing

themselves; demanding a king and priests; and are at once guillotined;

as they hoped to be。  … Cf。  the narrative of 〃La Translation des 132

à Nantois Paris;〃 and Riouffe; 〃Mémoires;〃 on the sufferings of

prisoners on their way to their last prison。



'22' Berryat Saint…Prix; p。  IX。; passim。



'23' Campardon; II。; 224。



'24' Berryat Saint…Prix; 445。  … Paris; 〃Histoire de Joseph Lebon;〃

II。; 352。  … Alfred Lallier; p。  90。  … Buchez et Roux; XXXII。; 394。



'25' Berryat Saint…Prix; pp。23; 24。



'26' Berryat Saint…Prix; p。458。  〃At Orange; Madame de Latour…Vidan;

aged eighty and idiotic for many years; was executed with her son。  It

is stated that; on being led to the scaffold; she thought she was

entering a carriage to pay visits and so told her son。〃 … Ibid。; 471。

After Thermidor; the judges of the Orange commission having been put

on trial; the jury declared that 〃 they refused to hear testimony for

the defense and did not allow the accused even informal lawyers to

defend them。〃



'27' Camille Boursier;〃 La Terreur en Anjou;〃 p。228。  (Deposition of

Widow Edin。) 〃La Persac; a nun ill and infirm; was ready to take the

oath。  Nicolas; Vacheron's agent; assisted by several other persons;

dragged her out of bed and put her on a cart; from ninety to ninety…

four others were shot along with her。〃



'28' Berryat Saint…Prix; p。  161。  The following are samples of these

warrants: 〃S。  (shot); Germinal 13; Widow Menard; seventy…two years

old; an old aristocrat; liking nobody; habitually living by herself。〃

… Warrant of the Marseilles committee; Germinal 28; year II。;

condemning one Cousinéri for having continually strayed off as if to

escape popular vengeance; to which he was liable on account of his

conduct and for having detested the Revolution。〃 … Camille Boursier;

p。72; Floréal 15; year II。; execution of 〃Gerard; guilty of having

scorned to assist at the planting of a Liberty…pole; in the commune of

Vouille; Sep。; 1792; and inducing several municipal officers to join

him in his insolent and liberticide contempt。〃



'29' Wallon; 〃Histoire du Tribunal Révolutionnaire de Paris; V。; 145。



'30' Ibid。; v。; 109。  (Deposition of Madame de Maillé。) … V。; 189。

(Deposition of Lhullier。) … Cf。  Campardon; in the same affairs。



'31' Campardon; II。; 189; 190; 193; 197。  (Depositions of Beaulieu;

Duclos; Tirard; Ducray; etc。)



'32' Berryat Saint…Prix; 395。  (Letter of Representative Moyse Bayle;)

… Ibid。; 216。  (Words of Representative Lecarpentier at Saint…Malo。)

〃Why such delays? Of what use are these eternal examinations? What

need is there of going so deep into this matter? The name; profession

and the upshot; and the trial is over。〃 … He publicly stated to the

informers: You don't know what facts you require to denounce the

Moderates? Well; a gesture; one single gesture; suffices。〃



'33' Letter of Payan to Roman Formosa; judge at Orange: 〃In the

commissions charged with punishing the conspirators; no formalities

should exist; the conscience of the judge is there as a substitute for

these。  。  。  The commissions must serve as political courts; they

must remember that all the men who have not been on the side of the

Revolution are against it; since they have done nothing for the

country。  。  。  I say to all judges; in the name of the country; do

not risk saving a guilty man。〃 … Robespierre made the same declaration

in the Jacobin Club。  Frimaire 19; year II。: 〃We judge; in politics;

with the suspicions of an enlightened patriotism。〃



'34' 〃Mémoires de Fréron〃 and on Fréron; (collection Barrière et

Berville;) p。364。  Letter of Fréron; Toulon; Niv?se 16。  〃More than

eight hundred Toulonese have already been shot。〃



'35' Lallier; p。90。  (The eleven distinct drownings ascertained by M。

Lallier extend up to Pluvi?se 12; year II。)



'36' Moniteur; XXII。; 227。  (Official documents read in the

Convention; Vent?se 21; year III。) These documents authenticate an

ulterior drowning。  Vent?se 9; year II。; by order of Lefévre; adjutant

general; forty…one persons were drowned; among whom were two men

seventy…eight years of age and blind; twelve women; twelve young

girls; fifteen children; of which ten were between six and ten years

old; and five at the breast。  The drowning took place in the Bourgneuf

bay。…Carrier says in the Convention; (Moniteur; XXII。; p。578); in

relation to the drowning of pregnant women: 〃At Laval; Angers; Saumur;

Chaban…Gontier; everywhere the same things took place as at Nantes。〃



'37' Camille Boursier; p。159。



'38' Ibid。; 203。  Representative Francastel announces 〃the firm

determination to purge; to bleed freely this Vendean question。〃 This

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