the origins of contemporary france-4-第103章

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the3　large　towns　where　tens　of　millions　were　raised　in　three…quarters

of　the　districts；　Cambon；　three　months　after　Thermidor；　could　not　yet

obtain；　I　will　not　say　the　returns；　but　a　statement　of　the　sums

raised。　　The　national　agents　either　did　not　reply　to　him；　or　did　it

vaguely；　or　stated　that　in　their　districts　there　was　neither　civic

donation　nor　revolutionary　tax；　and　particularly　at　Marseilles；　where

a　forced　loan　had　been　made　of　four　millions。　　…　Cf。　　De　Martel；　〃

Fouché；〃　P。245。　　（Memorial　of　the　central　administration　of　Nièvre；

Prairial　19；　year　III。）　〃The　account　returned　by　the　city　of　Nevers

amounts　to　eighty　thousand　francs；　the　use　of　which　has　never　been

verified。　　。　　。　　。　　This　tax；　in　part　payment　of　the　war　subsidy；　was

simply　a　trap　laid　by　the　political　actors　in　order　to　levy　a

contribution　on　honest；　credulous　citizens。〃　…　Ibid。；　217。　　On

voluntary　gifts　and　forced　taxation　cf。　　at　Nantes；　the　use　made　of

revolutionary　taxes；　brought　out　on　the　trial　of　the　revolutionary

committee。



＇113＇　Ludovic　Sciout；　IV。；　19。　　Report　of　Representative　Becker。

（Journal　des　Débats　et　Décrets；　p。743；　Prairial；　year　III。）　He　returns

from　a　mission　to　Landau　and　renders　an　account　of　the　executions

committed　by　the　Jacobin　agents　in　the　Rhenish　provinces。　　They　levied

taxes；　sword　in　hand；　and　threatened　the　refractory　with　the

guillotine　at　Strasbourg。　　The　receipts　which　passed　under　the

reporter's　eyes　〃presented　the　sum　of　three　millions　three　hundred　and

forty…five　thousand　seven　hundred　and　eighty…five　livres；　two　deniers；

whilst　our　colleague；　Cambon；　reports　only　one　hundred　and　thirty…

eight　thousand　paid　in。〃



＇114＇　Moniteur；　XXII。；　754。　　（Report　of　Grégoire；　Frimaire　24；　year

III。）　〃Rascallery　…　this　word　recalls　the　old　revolutionary

committees；　most　of　which　formed　the　scum　of　society　and　which　showed

so　many　aptitudes　for　the　double　function　of　robber　and　persecutor。〃



＇115＇　Archives　Nationales；　AF。；　II。；　107。　　（Orders　of　Representatives

Ysabeau　and　Tallien；　Bordeaux；　Brumaire　11　and　17；　year　II。）　…　Third

order；　promulgated　by　the　same　parties；　Frimaire　2；　year　II。；

replacing　this　committee　by　another　of　twelve　members　and　six

deputies；　each　at　two　hundred　francs　a　month。　　Fourth　order；　Pluvi？se

16；　year　II。；　dismissing　the　members　of　the　foregoing　committee；　as

exagérés　and　disobedient。　　It　is　because　they　regard　their　local

royalty　in　quite　a　serious　light。…Ibid。；　AF。；　II。；　46。　　（〃Extracts

from　the　minutes　of　the　meetings　of　the　revolutionary　committee　of

Bordeaux；〃　Prairial；　year　II。）　This　extract；　consisting　of　eighteen

pages；　shows　in　detail　the　inside　workings　of　a　revolutionary

committee　the　number　of　arrested　goes　on　increasing；　on　the　27th　of

Prairial　there　are　1524。　　The　committee　is　essentially　a　police

office；　it　delivers　certificates　of　civism；　issues　warrants　of　arrest；

corresponds　with　other　committees；　even　very　remote；　at　Limoges；　and

Clermont…Ferrand；　delegates　any　of　its　members　to　make　investigations

or　domicialiary　searches；　to　affix　seals；　and　it　receives　and

transmits　denunciations；　summons　the　denounced　to　appear　before　it；

reads　interrogations；　writes　to　the　Committee　of　Public　Safety；　etc。

The　following　are　samples　of　its　warrants　of　arrest：　〃Muller；　a

riding…master；　will　be　confined　in　the　former　Petit　Seminaire；　under

suspicion　of　aristocracy；　according　to　public　opinion。〃　…　Another

example；　（Archives　Nationales；　F。7；　2475。　　Register　of　the　procès…

verbaux　of　the　revolutionary　committee　of　the　Piques　section；　Paris；

June　3；　1793。）　Warrant　of　arrest　against　Boucher；　grocer；　rue　Neuve　du

Luxembourg；　〃suspect〃　of　incivisme　and　〃having　cherished　wicked　and

perfidious　intentions　against　his　wife。〃　Boucher；　arrested；　declares

that；　〃what　he　said　and　did　in　his　own　house；　concerned　nobody　but

himself。〃　On　which　he　was　led　to　prison。



＇116＇　Archives　Nationales；　AF。；　II。；　30　（No。105）。　　Examination　of　Jean

Davilliers；　and　other　ransomed　parties。



＇117＇　Berryat　Saint…Prix；　313。　　（Trial　of　Lacombe　and　his　accomplices

after　Thermidor。）



＇118＇　Archives　Nationales；　AF。；　II。；　46。　　（Letter　of　Julien　to　the

Committee　of　Public　Safety；　Bordeaux；　Messidor　12；　year　II。）　…

Moniteur；　XXII。；　713。　　（Report　by　Cambon；　Frimaire　6；　year　III。）　At

Verins；　citizens　were　imprisoned　and　then　set　at　liberty　〃on

consideration　of　a　fee。〃　…　Albert　Babeau；　II。；　164；　165；　206。　　（Report

by　Cambon；　Frimaire　6；　year　II。）　〃Citoyenne　（madame）　Deguerrois；

having　come　to　procure　the　release　of　her　husband；　a　public

functionary　demanded　of　her　ten　thousand　livres；　which　he　reduced　to

six　thousand　for　doing　what　she　desired。〃　…　〃One　document　attests　that

Massey　paid　two　thousand　livres；　and　widow　Delaporte　six　hundred

livres；　to　get　out　of　prison。〃



＇119＇　Mallet…Dupan；　〃First　letter　to　a　Genoa　merchant；〃　（March　I；

1796）；　pp。33…35。　　〃One　of　the　wonders　of　the　reign　of　Terror　is　the

slight　attention　given　to　the　trafficking　in　life　and　death；

characteristic　of　terrorism。　　。　　。　　。　　We　scarcely　find　a　word　on　the

countless　bargains　through　which　'suspect'　citizens　bought　themselves

out　of　captivity；　and　imprisoned　citizens　bought　off　the　guillotine。

。　　。　　。　　Dungeons　and　executions　were　as　much　matters　of　trade　as　the

purchase　of　cattle　at　a　fair。〃　This　traffic　〃was　carried　on　in　all　the

towns；　bourgs　and　departments　surrendered　to　the　Convention　and

Revolutionary　Committees。〃　。　　。　　。　　。　　〃It　has　been　established　since

the　10th　of　August。〃　〃I　will　only　cite　among　a　multitude　of　instances

the　unfortunate　Duc　du　Chatelet：　never　did　anybody　pay　more　for　his

execution！〃　…　Wallon；　〃Histoire　du　Tribunal　Revolutionnaire　de　Paris；〃

VI。；　88。　　（Denunciation　of　Fouquier…Tinville；　signed　Saulnie。）

According　to　Saulnie　he　dined　regularly　twice　a　week　at　No　6　rue

Serpente；　with　one　Demay；　calling　himself　a　lawyer　and　living　with　a

woman　named　Martin。　　In　this　death…trap；　in　the　middle　of　orgies；　the

freedom　or　death　of　those　in　prison　was　bargained　for　in　money　with

impunity。　　One　head　alone；　belonging　to　the　house　of　Boufflers；

escaping　the　scaffold　through　the　intrigues　of　these　vampires；　was

worth　to　them　thirty　thousand　livres；　of　which　one　thousand　were　paid

down　and　a　bond　given　for　the　rest；　payable　on　being　set　at　liberty。

…　Morellet；　〃Memoires；〃　II。；　32。　　The　agent　of　Mesdames　de　Bouffiers

was　Abbé　Chevalier；　who　had　formerly　known　Fouquier…Tinville　in　the

office　of　a　procureur　an　Parliament　and　who；　renewing　the

acquaintance；　came　and　drank　with　Fouquier。　　〃He　succeeded　in　having

the　papers　of　the　ladies　Bouffiers；　which　were　ready　to　be　sent　to　the

Tribunal；　placed　at　the　bottom　of　the　file。〃　…　Mallet…Dupan；　〃

Memoires；〃　II。；　495。　　〃Fouquier…Tinville　received　a　pension　of　one

thousand　crowns　a　month　from　Mesdames　de　Bouffiers；　the　ransom

increased　one　quarter　each　month　on　account　of　the　atrocity　of　the

circumstances。　　This　method　saved　these　ladies；　whilst　those　who　paid

a　sum　in　gross　lost　their　lives。　　。　　。　　It　was　Du　Vaucel；　fermier…

general；　who　saved　the　Princess　of　Tarente　。　　。　　。　　。for　five　hundred

louis；　after　having　saved　two　other　ladies　for　three　hundred　louis；

given　to　one　of　the　Jacobin　leaders。〃



＇120＇　〃Tableau　des　Prisons　de　Toulouse；〃　324。　　Coudert；　of　the

Municipal　Council；　shoemaker；　charged　with　the　duty　of　taking　silver…

plate　from　the　accused；　did　not　know　how；　or　was　unwilling；　to　draw　up

any　other　than　an　irregular　and　valueless　procès…verbal。　　On　this；　an

accused　party　objected　and　refused　to　sign。　　〃Take　care；　you；〃

exclaims　Coudert　in　a　rage；　〃with　your　damned　cleverness；　you　are

playing　the　stubborn。　　You　are　nothing　but　a　bloody　fool！　You　are

getting　into　a　bad　box！　If　you　don't　sign；　I'll　have　you　guillotined。〃

Frequently；　there　are　no　papers　at　all。　　（De　Martel；　〃Fouché；〃　p。236。

Memorial　by　the　authorities　of　Allier；　addressed　to　the　Convention；

document　9。）　October　30；　1793。　　Order　of　the　revolutionary　committee

enjoin