贝壳电子书 > 英文原著电子书 > the ethics(part ii) >

第3章

the ethics(part ii)-第3章

小说: the ethics(part ii) 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!



so far as he is a thing thinking absolutely; only in so  far as



he is considered as affected by another mode of thinking; and he



is the cause of this  latter; as being affected by a third; and



so on to infinity。  Now; the order and connection  of ideas is



(by Prop。 vii。 of this book) the same as the order and connection



of causes。   Therefore of a given individual idea another



individual idea; or God; in so far as he is  considered as



modified by that idea; is the cause; and of this second idea God



is the  cause; in so far as he is affected by another idea; and



so on to infinity。  Q。E。D。







ProofWhatsoever takes place in the object of any idea; its



idea is in God (by  Prop。 iii。 of this part); not in so far as he



is infinite; but in so far as he is considered as  affected by



another idea of an individual thing (by the last Prop。); but (by



Prop。 vii。 of  this part) the order and connection of ideas is



the same as the order and connection of  things。  The knowledge;



therefore; of that which takes place in any individual object



will  be in God; in so far only as he has the idea of that



object。  Q。E。D。







X。  The being of substance does not appertain to the essence of



manin other words;  substance does not constitute the actual



being (forma) of man。







》》》》》ProofThe being of substance involves necessary existence



(Part i。; Prop。 vii。)。   If; therefore; the being of substance



appertains to the essence of man; substance being  granted; man



would necessarily be granted also (II。 Def。 ii。); and;



consequently; man would  necessarily exist; which is absurd (II。



Ax。 i。)。  Therefore &c。  Q。E。D。







*****NoteThis proposition may also be proved from I。v。; in



which it is shown that there  cannot be two substances of the



same nature; for as there may be many men; the being of 



substance is not that which constitutes the actual being of man。 



Again; the proposition is  evident from the other properties of



substancenamely; that substance is in its nature  infinite;



immutable; indivisible; &c。; as anyone may see for himself。








返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 0

你可能喜欢的