the commonwealth of oceana-第68章

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　of　the　Senate。　And　if　the　Senate　add　a　juncta　of　nine　knights　more；　elected　out　of　their　own　number；　for　the　term　of　three　months；　the　Council　of　War；　by　virtue　of　that　addition；　is　Dictator　of　Oceana　for　the　said　term。　　　　　〃The　signory　jointly　or　severally　has　right　of　session　and　suffrage　in　every　senatorial　council；　and　to　propose　either　to　the　Senate；　or　any　of　them。　And　every　region　in　a　council　electing　one　weekly　provost；　any　two　of　those　provosts　have　power　also　to　propose　to　their　respective　council；　as　the　proper　and　peculiar　proposers　of　the　same；　for　which　cause　they　hold　an　academy；　where　any　man；　either　by　word　of　mouth　or　writing；　may　propose　to　the　proposers。　　　　　〃Next　to　the　elections　of　the　tropic　is　the　biennial　election　of　one　ambassador…in…ordinary；　by　the　ballot　of　the　house；　to　the　residence　of　France；　at　which　time　the　resident　of　France　removes　to　Spain；　he　of　Spain　to　Venice；　he　of　Venice　to　Constantinople；　and　he　of　Constantinople　returns。　So　the　orb　of　the　residents　is　wheeled　about　in　eight　years；　by　the　biennial　election　of　one　ambassador…in…ordinary。　　　　　〃The　last　kind　of　election　is　emergent。　Emergent　elections　are　made　by　the　scrutiny。　Election　by　scrutiny　is　when　a　competitor；　being　made　by　a　council；　and　brought　into　the　Senate；　the　Senate　chooses　four　more　competitors　to　him；　and　putting　all　five　to　the　ballot；　he　who　has　most　above　half　the　suffrages　is　the　magistrate。　The　polemarchs　or　field　officers　are　chosen　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　Council　of　War；　an　ambassador…extraordinary　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　Council　of　State；　the　judges　and　sergeants…at…law　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　seal；　and　the　barons　and　prime　officers　of　the　Exchequer；　by　the　scrutiny　of　the　Treasury。。　　　　　〃The　opinion　or　opinions　that　are　legitimately　proposed　to　any　council　must　be　debated　by　the　same；　and　so　many　as　are　resolved　upon　the　debate　are　introduced　into　the　Senate；　where　they　are　debated　and　resolved；　or　rejected　by　the　whole　house；　that　which　is　resolved　by　the　Senate　is　a　decree　which　is　good　in　matters　of　state；　but　no　law；　except　it　be　proposed　to　and　resolved　by　the　prerogative。　　　　　〃The　deputies　of　the　galaxy　being　three　horse　and　four　foot　in　a　tribe；　amount　in　all　the　tribes　to　150　horse　and　200　foot；　which；　having　entered　the　prerogative；　and　chosen　their　captains；　cornet；　and　ensign　（triennial　officers）；　make　the　third　class；　consisting　of　one　troop　and　one　company；　and　so；　joining　with　the　whole　prerogative；　elect　four　annual　magistrates；　called　tribunes；　whereof　two　are　of　the　horse　and　two　of　the　foot。　These　have　the　command　of　the　prerogative　sessions；　and　suffrage　in　the　Council　of　War；　and　sessions　without　suffrage　in　the　Senate。　　　　　〃The　Senate　having　passed　a　decree　which　they　would　propose　to　the　people；　cause　it　to　be　printed　and　published；　or　promulgated　for　the　space　of　six　weeks；　which；　being　ordered；　they　choose　their　proposers。　The　proposers　must　be　magistrates；　that　is；　the　commissioners　of　the　seal；　those　of　the　Treasury；　or　the　censors。　These　being　chosen；　desire　the　muster　of　the　tribunes；　and　appoint　the　day。　The　people　being　assembled　at　the　day　appointed；　and　the　decree　proposed；　that　which　is　proposed　by　authority　of　the　Senate；　and　commanded　by　the　people；　is　the　law　of　Oceana；　or　an　act　of　Parliament。　　　　　〃So　the　Parliament　of　Oceana　consists　of　the　Senate　proposing；　and　the　people　resolving。　　　　　〃The　people　or　prerogative　are　also　the　supreme　judicatory　of　this　nation；　having　power　of　hearing　and　determining　all　causes　of　appeal　from　all　magistrates；　or　courts　provincial　or　domestic；　as　also　to　question　any　magistrate；　the　term　of　his　magistracy　being　expired；　if　the　case　be　introduced　by　the　tribunes；　or　any　one　of　them。　　　　　〃The　military　orbs　consist　of　the　youth；　that　is；　such　as　are　from　eighteen　to　thirty　years　of　age；　and　are　created　in　the　following　manner：　　　　　〃Every　Wednesday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　December；　the　youth　of　every　parish；　assembling；　elect　the　fifth　of　their　number　to　be　their　deputies；　the　deputies　of　the　youth　are　called　stratiots；　and　this　is　the　first　essay。　　　　　〃Every　Wednesday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　January；　the　stratiots；　assembling　at　the　hundred；　elect　their　captain　and　their　ensign；　and　fall　to　their　games　and　sports。　　　　　〃Every　Wednesday　next　ensuing　the　last　of　February　the　stratiots　are　received　by　the　lord　lieutenant；　their　commander…in…chief；　with　the　conductors　and　the　censors；　and；　having　been　disciplined　and　entertained　with　other　games；　are　called　to　the　urns；　where　they　elect　the　second　essay；　consisting　of　200　horse　and　600　foot　in　a　tribe；　that　is；　of　10；000　horse　and　30；000　foot　in　all　the　tribes；　which　is　the　standing　army　of　this　nation；　to　march　at　any　warning。　They　also　elect　at　the　same　time　a　part　of　the　third　essay；　by　the　mixture　of　balls　marked　with　the　letter　M　and　the　letter　P；　for　Marpesia　and　Panopea；　they　of　either　mark　being　ten　horse　and　fifty　foot　in　a　tribe；　that　is；　500　horse　and　2；500　foot　in　all　the　tribes；　which　are　forthwith　to　march　to　their　respective　provinces。　　　　　〃But　the　third　essay　of　this　nation　more　properly　so　called；　is　when　the　strategus　with　the　polemarchs　（the　Senate　and　the　people　or　the　Dictator　having　decreed　a　war）　receive　in　return　of　his　warrants　the　second　essay　from　the　hands　of　the　conductors　at　the　rendezvous　of　Oceana；　which　army；　marching　with　all　accommodations　provided　by　the　Council　of　War；　the　Senate　elects　a　new　strategus；　and　the　lords…lieutenant　a　new　second　essay。　　　　　〃A　youth；　except　he　be　an　only　son；　refusing　any　one　of　his　three　essays；　without　sufficient　cause　shown　to　the　phylarch　or　the　censors；　is　incapable　of　magistracy；　and　is　fined　a　fifth　part　of　his　yearly　rent；　or　of　his　estate；　for　protection。　In　case　of　invasion　the　elders　are　obliged　to　like　duty　with　the　youth；　and　upon　their　own　charge。　　　　　〃The　provincial　orb　consisting　in　part　of　the　elders；　and　in　part　of　the　youth；　is　thus　created：　　　　　〃Four　knights　out　of　the　first　region　falling；　are　elected　in　the　Senate　to　be　the　first　region　of　the　provincial　orb　of　Marpesia；　these；　being　triennial　magistrates；　take　their　places　in　the　provincial　council；　consisting　of　twelve　knights；　four　in　every　region；　each　region　choosing　their　weekly　provosts　of　the　council　thus　constituted。　One　knight　more；　chosen　out　of　the　same　region　in　the　Senate；　being　an　annual　magistrate；　is　president；　with　power　to　propose；　and　the　opinions　proposed　by　the　president；　or　any　two　of　the　provosts；　are　debated　by　the　council；　and；　if　there　be　occasion　of　further　power　or　instruction　than　they　yet　have；　transmitted　to　the　Council　of　State；　with　which　the　provincial　is　to　hold　intelligence。　　　　　〃The　president　of　this　council　is　also　strategus　or　general　of　the　provincial　army；　wherefore　the　conductors；　upon　notice　of　his　election；　and　appointment　of　his　rendezvous；　deliver　to　him　the　stratiots　of　his　letter；　which　he　takes　with　him　into　his　province；　and　the　provincial　army　having　received　the　new　strategus　with　the　third　class；　the　council　dismisses　the　old　strategus　with　the　first　class。　The　like　is　done　for　Panopea；　or　any　other　province。　　　　　〃But　whereas　the　term　of　every　other　magistracy　or　election　in　this　commonwealth；　whether　annual　or　triennial；　requires　an　equal　vacation；　the　term　of　a　provincial　councillor　or　magistrate　requires　no　vacation　at　all。　The　quorum　of　a　provincial；　as　also　that　of　every　other　council　and　assembly；　requires　two…thirds　in　a　time　of　health；　and　one…third　in　a　time　of　sickness。

　　　　〃I　think　I　have　omitted　nothing　but　the　props　and　scaffolds；　which　are　not　of　use　but　in　building。　And　how　much　is　here？　Show　me　another　commonwealth　in　this　compass？　how　many　things？　Show　me　another　entire　government　consisting　but　of　thirty　orders。　If　you　now　go　to　law　with　anybody；　there　lie　to　some　of　our　courts　200　original　writs：　if　you　stir　your　hand；　there　go　more　nerves　and　bones　to　that　motion；　if　you　play；　you　have　more　cards　in　the　pack；　nay；　you　could　not　sit　with　your　ease　in　that　chair；　if　it　consisted　not　of　more　parts。　Will　you　not　then　allow　to　your　legislator；　what　you　can　afford　your　upholsterer。　or　to　the　throne；　what　is　necessary　to　a　chair？　　　　　〃My　lords；　if　you　will　have　fewer　orders　in　a　commonwealth；　you　wil