the commonwealth of oceana-第24章

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may　not　enter　into　the　ballot　of　the　tribe。　If　there　arises　any　dispute　in　an　order　of　electors；　one　of　the　censors　or　sub…censors　appointed　by　them　in　case　they　be　electors；　shall　enter　into　the　tent　of　that　order；　and　that　order　shall　stand　to　his　judgment　in　the　decision　of　the　controversy。　The　like　shall　be　done　exactly　by　each　other　order　of　electors；　being　sent　as　they　are　drawn；　each　with　another　copy　of　the　same　list；　into　a　distinct　tent；　till　there　be　returned　to　the　lord　high　sheriff　four　competitors　to　every　magistracy　in　the　list；　that　is　to　say；　one　competitor　elected　to　every　office　in　every　one　of　the　four　orders；　which　competitors　the　lord　high　sheriff　shall　cause　to　be　pronounced　or　read　by　a　crier　to　the　congregation；　and　the　congregation　having　heard　the　whole　lists　repeated；　the　names　shall　be　put　by　the　lord　high　sheriff　to　the　tribe；　one　by　one；　beginning　with　the　first　competitor　in　the　first　order；　thence　proceeding　to　the　first　competitor　in　the　second　order；　and　so　to　the　first　in　the　third　and　fourth　orders。　And　the　suffrages　being　taken　in　boxes　by　boys　（as　has　been　already　shown）　shall　be　poured　into　the　bowls　standing　before　the　censors；　who　shall　be　seated　at　each　end　of　the　table　in　the　pavilion；　the　one　numbering　the　affirmatives　and　the　other　the　negatives；　and　he　of　the　four　competitors　to　the　first　magistracy　that　has　most　above　half　the　suffrages　of　the　tribe　in　the　affirmative；　is　the　first　magistrate。　The　like　is　to　be　done　successively　by　the　rest　of　the　competitors　in　their　order。　But　because　soon　after　the　boxes　are　sent　out　for　the　first　name；　there　be　others　sent　out　for　the　second；　and　so　for　the　third；　etc。；　by　which　means　divers　names　are　successively　at　one　and　the　same　time　in　balloting；　the　boy　that　carries　a　box　shall　sing　or　repeat　continually　the　name　of　the　competitor　for　whom　that　box　is　carrying；　with　that　also　of　the　magistracy　to　which　he　is　proposed。　A　magistrate　of　the　tribe　happening　to　be　an　elector；　may　substitute　any　one　of　his　own　order　to　execute　his　other　function。　The　magistrates　of　the　prime　magnitude　being　thus

elected；　shall　receive　the　present　charge　of　the　tribe。〃　　　　　If　it　be　objected　against　this　order　that　the　magistrates　to　be　elected　by　it　will　be　men　of　more　inferior　rank　than　those　of　the　hundreds；　in　regard　that　those　are　chosen　first；　it　may　be　remembered　that　so　were　the　burgesses　in　the　former　government；　nevertheless　the　knights　of　the　shire　were　men　of　greater　quality；　and　the　election　at　the　hundred　is　made　by　a　council　of　electors；　of　whom　less　cannot　be　expected　than　the　discretion　of　naming　persons　fittest　for　those　capacities；　with　an　eye　upon　these　to　be　elected　at　the　tribe。　As　for　what　may　be　objected　in　point　of　difficulty；　it　is　demonstrable　by　the　foregoing　orders；　that　a　man　might　bring　10；000　men；　if　there　were　occasion；　with　as　much　ease；　and　as　suddenly　to　perform　the　ballot；　as　he　can　make　5；000　men；　drawing　them　out　by　double　files；　to　march　a　quarter　of　a　mile。　But　because　at　this　ballot；　to　go　up　and　down　the　field；　distributing　the　linen　pellets　to　every　man；　with　which　he　is　to　ballot　or　give　suffrage；　would　lose　a　great　deal　of　time；　therefore　a　man's　wife；　his　daughters；　or　others；　make　him　his　provision　of　pellets　before　the　ballot；　and　he　comes　into　the　field　with　a　matter　of　a　score　of　them　in　his　pocket。　And　now　I　have　as　good　as　done　with　the　sport。　The　next　is　　　　　　The　eleventh　order；　〃Explaining　the　duties　and　functions　of　the　magistrates　contained　in　the　list　of　the　prime　magnitude；　and　those　of　the　hundreds；　beginning　with　the　lord　high　sheriff；　who；　over　and　above　his　more　ancient　offices；　and　those　added　by　the　former　order；　is　the　first　magistrate　of　the　phylarch；　or　prerogative　troop。　The　lord　lieutenant；　over　and　above　his　duty　mentioned；　is　commander…in…chief　of　the　musters　of　the　youth；　and　second　magistrate　of　the　phylarch。　The　custos　rotulorum　is　to　return　the　yearly　muster…rolls　of　the　tribe；　as　well　that　of　the　youth　as　of　the　elders；　to　the　rolls　in　emporium；　and　is　the　third　magistrate　of　the　phylarch。　The　censors　by　themselves　and　their　sub…censors；　that　is；　the　overseers　of　the　parishes；　are　to　see　that　the　respective　laws　of　the　ballot　be　observed　in　all　the　popular　assemblies　of　the　tribe。　They　have　power　also　to　put　such　national　ministers；　as　in　preaching　shall　intermeddle　with　matters　of　government；　out　of　their　livings；　except　the　party　appeals　to　the　phylarch；　or　to　the　Council　of　Religion；　where　in　that　case　the　censors　shall　prosecute。　All　and　every　one　of　these　magistrates；　together　with　the　justices　of　peace；　and　the　jurymen　of　the　hundreds；　amounting　in　the　whole　number　to　threescore　and　six；　are　the　prerogative　troop　or　phylarch　of　the　tribe。　　　　　〃The　function　of　the　phylarch　or　prerogative　troop　is　fivefold：　　　　　〃First；　they　are　the　council　of　the　tribe；　and　as　such　to　govern　the　musters　of　the　same　according　to　the　foregoing　orders；　having　cognizance　of　what　has　passed　in　the　congregation　or　elections　made　in　the　parishes　or　the　hundreds；　with　power　to　punish　any　undue　practices；　or　variation　from　their　respective　rules　and　orders；　under　an　appeal　to　the　Parliament。　A　marriage　legitimately　is　to　be　pronounced　by　the　parochial　congregation；　the　muster　of　the　hundred；　or　the　phylarch。　And　if　a　tribe　have　a　desire　（which　they　are　to　express　at　the　muster　by　their　captains；　every　troop　by　his　own）　to　petition　the　Parliament　the　phylarch；　as　the　council；　shall　frame　the　petition　in　the　pavilion；　and　propose　it　by　clauses　to　the　ballot　of　the　whole　tribe；　and　the　clauses　that　shall　be　affirmed　by　the　ballot　of　the　tribe；　and　signed　by　the　hands　of　the　six　magistrates　of　the　prime　magnitude；　shall　be　received　and　esteemed　by　the　Parliament　as　the　petition　of　the　tribe；　and　no　other。　　　　　〃Secondly；　the　phylarch　has　power　to　call　to　their　assistance　what　other　troops　of　the　tribe　they　please　（he　they　elders　or　youth；　whose　discipline　will　be　hereafter　directed）；　and　with　these　to　receive　the　judges　itinerant　in　their　circuits；　whom　the　magistrates　of　the　phylarch　shall　assist　upon　the　bench；　and　the　juries　elsewhere　in　their　proper　functions　according　to　the　more　ancient　laws　and　customs　of　this　nation。　　　　　〃Thirdly；　the　phylarch　shall　hold　the　court　called　the　quartersessions　according　to　the　ancient　custom；　and　therein　shall　also　hear　causes　in　order　to　the　protection　of　liberty　of　conscience；　by　such　rules　as　are　or　shall　hereafter　be　appointed　by　the　Parliament。　　　　　〃Fourthly；　all　commissions　issued　into　the　tribes　by　the　Parliament；　or　by　the　chancery；　are　to　be　directed　to　the　phylarch；　or　some　of　that　troop；　and　executed　by　the　same　respectively。　　　　　〃Fifthly；　in　the　case　of　levies　of　money　the　Parliament　shall　tax　the　phylarchs；　the　phylarchs　shall　tax　the　hundreds；　the　hundreds　the　parishes；　and　the　parishes　shall　levy　it　upon　themselves。　The　parishes　having　levied　the　tax…money　accordingly；　shall　return　it　to　the　officers　of　the　hundreds；　the　hundred　to　the　phylarchs；　and　the　phylarchs　to　the　Exchequer。　But　if　a　man　has　ten　children　living；　he　shall　pay　no　taxes；　if　he　has　five　living；　he　shall　pay　but　half　taxes；　if　he　has　been　married　three　years；　or　be　above　twenty…five　years　of　age；　and　has　no　child　or　children　lawfully　begotten；　he　shall　pay　double　taxes。　And　if　there　happen　to　grow　any　dispute　upon　these　or　such　other　orders　as　shall　or　may　hereto　be　added　hereafter；　the　phylarchs　shall　judge　the　tribes；　and　the　Parliament　shall　judge　the　phylarchs。　For　the　rest；　if　any　man　shall　go　about　to　introduce　the　right　or　power　of　debate　into　any　popular　council　or　congregation　of　this　nation；　the　phylarch　or　any　magistrate　of　the　hundred；　or　of　the　tribe；　shall　cause　him　presently　to　be　sent　in　custody　to　the　Council　of　War。　　　　　The　part　of　the　order　relating　to　the　rolls　in　Emporium　being　of　singular　use；　is　not　unworthy　to　be　somewhat　better　opened。　In　what　manner　the　lists　of　the　parishes；　hundreds；　and　tribes　are　made；　has　been　shown　in　their　respective　orders；　where；　after　the　parties　are　elected；　they　give　an　account　of　the　whole　number　of　the　elders　or　deputies　in　their　respective　assemblies　or　musters；　the　like　for　this　part　exactly　is　done　by　the　youth　in　their　discipline　（to