the complete writings-3-第47章

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upon　Cratchets；　covered　with　rafts；　sedge　and　earth；　so　was　also　the　walls：　the　best　of　our　houses　of　the　like　curiosity；　but　the　most　part　farre　much　worse　workmanship；　that　could　neither　well　defend　wind　nor　raine；　yet　we　had　daily　Common　Prayer　morning　and　evening；　every　day　two　Sermons；　and　every　three　moneths　the　holy　Communion；　till　our　Minister　died；　＇Robert　Hunt＇　but　our　Prayers　daily；　with　an　Homily　on　Sundaies。〃

It　is　due　to　Mr。　Wingfield；　who　is　about　to　disappear　from　Virginia；　that　something　more　in　his　defense　against　the　charges　of　Smith　and　the　others　should　be　given。　　It　is　not　possible　now　to　say　how　the　suspicion　of　his　religious　soundness　arose；　but　there　seems　to　have　been　a　notion　that　he　had　papal　tendencies。　　His　grandfather；　Sir　Richard　Wingfield；　was　buried　in　Toledo；　Spain。　　His　father；　Thomas　Maria　Wingfield；　was　christened　by　Queen　Mary　and　Cardinal　Pole。　These　facts　perhaps　gave　rise　to　the　suspicion。　　He　answers　them　with　some　dignity　and　simplicity；　and　with　a　little　querulousness　：

〃It　is　noised　that　I　combyned　with　the　Spanniards　to　the　distruccion　of　the　Collony；　that　I　ame　an　atheist；　because　I　carryed　not　a　Bible　with　me；　and　because　I　did　forbid　the　preacher　to　preache；　that　I　affected　a　kingdome；　that　I　did　hide　of　the　comon　provision　in　the　ground。

〃I　confesse　I　have　alwayes　admyred　any　noble　vertue　and　prowesse；　as　well　in　the　Spanniards　（as　in　other　nations）：　but　naturally　I　have　alwayes　distrusted　and　disliked　their　neighborhoode。　　I　sorted　many　bookes　in　my　house；　to　be　sent　up　to　me　at　my　goeing　to　Virginia；　amongst　them　a　Bible。　　They　were　sent　up　in　a　trunk　to　London；　with　divers　fruite；　conserves；　and　preserves；　which　I　did　sett　in　Mr。　Crofts　his　house　in　Ratcliff。　　In　my　beeing　at　Virginia；　I　did　understand　my　trunk　was　thear　broken　up；　much　lost；　my　sweetmeates　eaten　at　his　table；　some　of　my　bookes　which　I　missed　to　be　seene　in　his　hands：　and　whether　amongst　them　my　Bible　was　so　ymbeasiled　or　mislayed　by　my　servants；　and　not　sent　me；　I　knowe　not　as　yet。

〃Two　or　three　Sunday　mornings；　the　Indians　gave　us　allarums　at　our　towne。　　By　that　tymes　they　weare　answered；　the　place　about　us　well　discovered；　and　our　devyne　service　ended；　the　daie　was　farr　spent。　The　preacher　did　aske　me　if　it　were　my　pleasure　to　have　a　sermon：　hee　said　hee　was　prepared　for　it。　　I　made　answere；　that　our　men　were　weary　and　hungry；　and　that　he　did　see　the　time　of　the　daie　farr　past　（for　at　other　tymes　bee　never　made　such　question；　but；　the　service　finished　he　began　his　sermon）；　and　that；　if　it　pleased　him；　wee　would　spare　him　till　some　other　tyme。　　I　never　failed　to　take　such　noates　by　wrighting　out　of　his　doctrine　as　my　capacity　could　comprehend；　unless　some　raynie　day　hindred　my　endeavor。　　My　mynde　never　swelled　with　such　ympossible　mountebank　humors　as　could　make　me　affect　any　other　kingdome　than　the　kingdom　of　heaven。

〃As　truly　as　God　liveth；　I　gave　an　ould　man；　then　the　keeper　of　the　private　store；　2　glasses　with　sallet　oyle　which　I　brought　with　me　out　of　England　for　my　private　stoare；　and　willed　him　to　bury　it　in　the　ground；　for　that　I　feared　the　great　heate　would　spoile　it。　Whatsoever　was　more；　I　did　never　consent　unto　or　know　of　it；　and　as　truly　was　it　protested　unto　me；　that　all　the　remaynder　before　mencioned　of　the　oyle；　wyne；　&c。；　which　the　President　receyved　of　me　when　I　was　deposed　they　themselves　poored　into　their　owne　bellyes。

〃To　the　President's　and　Counsell's　objections　I　saie　that　I　doe　knowe　curtesey　and　civility　became　a　governor。　　No　penny　whittle　was　asked　me；　but　a　knife；　whereof　I　have　none　to　spare　The　Indyans　had　long　before　stoallen　my　knife。　　Of　chickins　I　never　did　eat　but　one；　and　that　in　my　sicknes。　　Mr。　Ratcliff　had　before　that　time　tasted　Of　4　or　5。　　I　had　by　my　owne　huswiferie　bred　above　37；　and　the　most　part　of　them　my　owne　poultrye；　of　all　which；　at　my　comyng　awaie；　I　did　not　see　three　living。　　I　never　denyed　him　（or　any　other）　beare；　when　I　had　it。　　The　corne　was　of　the　same　which　we　all　lived　upon。

〃Mr。　Smyth；　in　the　time　of　our　hungar；　had　spread　a　rumor　in　the　Collony；　that　I　did　feast　myself　and　my　servants　out　of　the　comon　stoare；　with　entent　（as　I　gathered）　to　have　stirred　the　discontented　company　against　me。　　I　told　him　privately；　in　Mr。　Gosnold's　tent；　that　indeede　I　had　caused　half　a　pint　of　pease　to　be　sodden　with　a　peese　of　pork；　of　my　own　provision；　for　a　poore　old　man；　which　in　a　sicknes　（whereof　he　died）　he　much　desired；　and　said；　that　if　out　of　his　malice　he　had　given　it　out　otherwise；　that　hee　did　tell　a　leye。　It　was　proved　to　his　face；　that　he　begged　in　Ireland　like　a　rogue；　without　a　lycence。　　To　such　I　would　not　my　nam　should　be　a　companyon。〃

The　explanation　about　the　Bible　as　a　part　of　his　baggage　is　a　little　far…fetched；　and　it　is　evident　that　that　book　was　not　his　daily　companion。　　Whether　John　Smith　habitually　carried　one　about　with　him　we　are　not　informed。　　The　whole　passage　quoted　gives　us　a　curious　picture　of　the　mind　and　of　the　habits　of　the　time。　　This　allusion　to　John　Smith's　begging　is　the　only　reference　we　can　find　to　his　having　been　in　Ireland。　　If　he　was　there　it　must　have　been　in　that　interim　in　his　own　narrative　between　his　return　from　Morocco　and　his　going　to　Virginia。　　He　was　likely　enough　to　seek　adventure　there；　as　the　hangers…on　of　the　court　in　Raleigh's　day　occasionally　did；　and　perhaps　nothing　occurred　during　his　visit　there　that　he　cared　to　celebrate。　　If　he　went　to　Ireland　he　probably　got　in　straits　there；　for　that　was　his　usual　luck。

Whatever　is　the　truth　about　Mr。　Wingfield's　inefficiency　and　embezzlement　of　corn　meal；　Communion　sack；　and　penny　whittles；　his　enemies　had　no　respect　for　each　other　or　concord　among　themselves。　It　is　Wingfield's　testimony　that　Ratcliffe　said　he　would　not　have　been　deposed　if　he　had　visited　Ratcliffe　during　his　sickness。　　Smith　said　that　Wingfield　would　not　have　been　deposed　except　for　Archer；　that　the　charges　against　him　were　frivolous。　　Yet；　says　Wingfield；　〃I　do　believe　him　the　first　and　only　practiser　in　these　practices；〃　and　he　attributed　Smith's　hostility　to　the　fact　that　〃his　name　was　mentioned　in　the　intended　and　confessed　mutiny　by　Galthrop。〃　　Noother　reference　is　made　to　this　mutiny。　　Galthrop　was　one　of　those　who　died　in　the　previous　August。

One　of　the　best　re…enforcements　of　the　first　supply　was　Matthew　Scrivener；　who　was　appointed　one　of　the　Council。　　He　was　a　sensible　man；　and　he　and　Smith　worked　together　in　harmony　for　some　time。　　They　were　intent　upon　building　up　the　colony。　　Everybody　else　in　the　camp　was　crazy　about　the　prospect　of　gold：　there　was；　says　Smith；　〃no　talk；　no　hope；　no　work；　but　dig　gold；　wash　gold；　refine　gold；　load　gold；　such　a　bruit　of　gold　that　one　mad　fellow　desired　to　be　buried　in　the　sands；　lest　they　should　by　their　art　make　gold　of　his　bones。〃　He　charges　that　Newport　delayed　his　return　to　England　on　account　of　this　gold　fever；　in　order　to　load　his　vessel　（which　remained　fourteen　weeks　when　it　might　have　sailed　in　fourteen　days）　with　gold…dust。　Captain　Martin　seconded　Newport　in　this；　Smith　protested　against　it；　he　thought　Newport　was　no　refiner；　and　it　did　torment　him　〃to　see　all　necessary　business　neglected；　to　fraught　such　a　drunken　ship　with　so　much　gilded　durt。〃　　This　was　the　famous　load　of　gold　that　proved　to　be　iron　pyrites。

In　speaking　of　the　exploration　of　the　James　River　as　far　as　the　Falls　by　Newport；　Smith；　and　Percy；　we　have　followed　the　statements　of　Percy　and　the　writer　of　Newport's　discovery　that　they　saw　the　great　Powhatan。　　There　is　much　doubt　of　this。　　Smith　in　his　〃True　Relation　〃does　not　say　so；　in　his　voyage　up　the　Chickahominy　he　seems　to　have　seen　Powhatan　for　the　first　time；　and　Wingfield　speaks　of　Powhatan；　on　Smith's　return　from　that　voyage；　as　one　〃of　whom　before　we　had　no　knowledge。〃　　It　is　conjectured　that　the　one　seen　at　Powhatan's　seat　near　the　Falls　was　a　son　of　the　〃Emperor。〃　　It　was　partly　the　exaggeration　of　the　times　to　magnify　discoveries；　and　partly　English　love　of　high　titles；　that　attributed　such　titles　as　princes；　emperors；　and　kings　to　the　half…naked　barbarians　and　petty　chiefs　of　Virginia。

In　all　the　accounts　of　the　colony　at　this　period；　no　mention　is　made　of　women；　and　it　is　not　probable　t