ʮꡤtxt-40
Ϸ ɿ·ҳϵ Enter ɻصĿ¼ҳϷ ɻصҳ
δĶꣿǩѱ´μĶ
šԻȻģÿǹšķǹţ˶ίÿкηܣҪţԹҪãʱеߵͷлԻԸĹţŴȡȸҲͼԹ֣ȵ֮ңϦߡʱиԻϽҩԻÿҩΡʱеƣؼѡҩԻҽҲ֪ʱеƣԱʥΪأĹŭƽ飬ʥȻԥӡʱеƣȾòհա٣ۻ֮Ҳһһ£ϳϡ裬͢ʥ峣㣬ӡһ֮䣬ĴΣһٳοȺ֮հԻѴ䣬ҲҪСʥĸҲҪʱʡֻʹ߲㡣ʱеƣϵƣ綨Ի֪֮ӣж֣룬ɣٹ׳ʹŷġʱеƣʳѾ䣬ԥڽա顣ԻԲ֪֮ͬѧ֪֪֮֮ҲҪȻһһѵʱеȶԻ죬ѧʳˣ֮ʣδв̶ܳߣ뼰ʱԥ̣ܳɵ¡Ի֪֮ÿظȥաߴ;Ʒʱеߵͷлȥǧ䡣ϸ˾ڳֹ֮ƣٹÿһʱеȸڣáڳϵȡٳϲʱеڳƣҵȵüݣþơDzʤ֮ϲڳ֮࣬˾̫νʱеȣɻžÿѵʱеƣžҽϼѵ볼ȣ˾ࡣϸƣɲžϹʱеȴƣϺ˾ͼطԳƣԶԵʱеƣ¾¸ӲɲТɲҡˡ˾ࡣԻDz֮˾̫ഫԣʳӡ鱣츴ңǰʳңЯ֮һĸӵʱеȼȼƣʳ˷ĿڷǷϲ֮ʣ֮ȻԻڵʥĸӣθҵʱеࣺʳӴ・ѧԻжӡʱƣλʱ귽䣬Ѷ顣ʳӶӡԻ꼴ܶ顣ָӣǶвĸʱеǰӻʳӡʳӣʱеעáƣдβĥʹ֮Ը綨ƣߵͷлʱеԴ⳯أἫ٣룬أع¹ټδߣʥݺ͕Ȼ˸ӣ۳δҲ
ʮ꡷ҵġʷ
RayHuang
ʮ꡷ӢİΪ1587AYearofNoSignificanceİΪ1587LeDeclindeLaDynastiedesMing⣬еİ桢İ漰ķְ棬ﱸѾãڽ顣
1976ļڡ˰ִʱȻй档ʹӢİ棬Ҳۡ磬ҵԺѧԵķҰΪϸҵԵij棬ԵӼ·ȷ棬ԶڴѸٽΪԭ鼮ѻڿⷿʽͨͽҵѧij棬ɸѧij縺𣬶Ծ÷ĹDZȽϴۣҪѧУλ֮оѧҲǶĵطһעطעۺϡѧ̵ִģרңΪǷֹ꾡ѧߣĿ⣬ԶĹ۵㣬ע⣻ҶѧĿʽdzءʮ꡷ڸ潲֮䡣ҵʵ˵ἰ͢ɼԹһȤǣΪޣᵽй˼룬ӦѧѧΪȲϴʷҲרģȱʣʵDzײ࣬ҲԸӡȺ1979Ү³ѧȻųɼӦ档лڡ˰䵹Ʋӵڼİ棬Ҫ൱ʶֵ
ڡʮ꡷İ汾ӢıɴѧΪ̿飬ѳ棬Ҿ̳ŷ̨JohnUpdike־Ƽı3ᣬҲٰ棬ҳװⶼʹ߸зܵ¡
ⱾֻһȫʷĹ۵㡣İ桶ἰ顰˵16йĴͳʷҲδ糱ͻIJ̬һʷĴʧܣͿԱ֤ͻȿָ̬ܣ֮йһ츲ء״ʷĻԵȻʮ꡷ıʾдԱ¶йͳΪŷ̨ҲָйõĵطӦָõĵطᲢۡİĶߣӢİи·أDrLCarringtonGoodrich˹90꣬丸ĸй̣ͨݡԼйṤעᳫͯڵһδսʱ쵼йڷŦԼױǴѧν̶ꡣȥ˴ؽСǣҪΪĿǰ忣йΰĵطʮ꡷ӢıһΣ
HistoriansmayreexaminethemistakesofthepastinthehopeofprovidingwarningsforthefuturebutatthesametimecautiontheirreaderstopreservewhatisofvaluePresumablyforChinatheexperiencesofbothEastandWestmustbedrawnuponItisessentialthatthehistorianlayeverythingonthetableƣ
LeshistorienspeuventsoumettreleserreursdwpasseaunnouvelexamendanslespoirdytrouverdesavertissementspourlavenirmaisilspeuventenmemetempsremanderaleurslecteursdeconservercequiadelavaleurLaChineasansdoutebeaucoupatirerdesexperiencesdelOrientmedelOccidentIlestessentielquelhistoriennecacheriendecequilsait
ΪΪʷѧҼֹȥĴľ䡣ͬʱҲҪҸߣȫмֵݴ˲룬йȡľ顣֮ʷˣؽϣȫг
˵йĹƶȣǷйȫĻɼߡߡʾ̸вĵطӦպһ飬ҲķΧҡʮ꡷ij⣬ʮ꣬൱仯Ҳдʷʷʱ侳ʷҲ˸ʮǰвȫгϣܡֻԵ߲ܲ˼ɻ䣬ʽ̸
***
ʮ꡷ıǰһ֣ʾΪڱʵ֮࣬ҲܷĿǰҪ֮νʷmacrohistoryۣйԣҺϣĺΪҵľ˽⣬ɼⲻһ£ʹں⣬ҲһǷǵĿ
йԵ´淨ɣѾúкܶʿΪķɣǵµĸԴ⣬ҲָժνɡdzĹÿһҵĵʷϵأеͨӢ֮ձ֮ͬҲв۵Ǹ˼⣬ʱµּ⿴йҪؽɡһΰУֻ֮IJףܶἴ͡һй£Ҫǿ·ܡʷĹ۵㣬༴ǴӡϵĽǶȿʷtechnicalinterpretationofhistoryڽ·ʲôطҲһص⡣ҽۼ
ҪǴʷ۲ǵ鱾ϿԿġ䲻Ǹ˵Ĵǿõġҵľ飬ǼʮθأͬĽ˵ΪĥͼƣֳġСʱ飬̫ʷ˾ǨӰ죬ͷԳŴԵϣ뷨սڶ꣬ѧӾӵǹijɶУҵפϱ߾ĹʮʦųҲȥפӡ֣µı˹ǰȥϺ붫ҲĿָսΡԼûоսʵϵҡڶ¼½ıѧԺڶפմְ顣ڿսڹʱʶ˵պܶﺺٲΪﲮʱԿܶľijﺣУΪϵܣҲͬȥɶҲͬʮʦҲͬȥվռԽҲͬפӡҲйһȵľIJǵ⣬Ҳλ
ǵǰ۲ԱĻᡣ1944612졶ҲϲսһԶžװױڱѵʵ