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šԻȻģÿǹšķǹţ˶ίÿкηܣҪţԹҪãʱеߵͷлԻԸĹţŴȡȸҲͼԹ֣ȵ֮ңϦߡʱиԻϽҩ񣿡ԻÿҩΡʱеƣؼѡҩԻҽҲ޶֪ʱеƣԱʥΪأĹŭƽ飬ʥȻԥӡʱеƣȾòհա٣ۻ֮Ҳһһ£ϳϡ裬͢ʥ峣㣬಻ӡһ֮䣬ĴΣһٳοȺ֮հԻѴ䣬ҲҪСʥĸҲҪʱʡֻʹ߲㡣ʱеƣϵƣ綨Ի֪֮޵ӣж֣룬ɣٹ׳ʹŷġʱеƣʳѾ䣬ԥڽա顣ԻԲ֪֮ͬѧ֪֪֮֮ҲҪȻһһѵʱеȶԻ죬ѧʳˣ֮ʣδв̶ܳߣ뼰ʱԥ̣ܳɵ¡Ի֪֮ÿظȥաߴ;Ʒʱеߵͷлȥǧ䡣ϸ˾ڳ׷ֹ֮ƣٹÿһʱеȸڣáڳϵȡٳϲʱеڳƣҵȵüݣþơDzʤ֮ϲڳ࣬΢֮˾̫νʱеȣɻžÿѵʱеƣžҽϼѵ볼ȣ˾ࡣϸƣɲ񡣡žϹʱеȴƣϺ˾ͼطԳƣԶԵʱеƣ¾¸ӲɲТɲҡˡ˾ࡣԻDz֮˾̫ഫԣʳӡ鱣츴ңǰʳңЯ֮һĸӵʱеȼȼƣʳ˷ĿڷǷϲ֮ʣ֮ȻԻڵʥĸӣ޺θҵʱеࣺʳӴ・ѧԻжӡʱƣλʱ귽䣬Ѷ顣ʳӶӡԻ꼴ܶ顣ָӣǶвĸʱеǰӻʳӡʳӣʱеעáƣд񣬺βĥʹ֮Ը綨ƣߵͷлʱеԴ⳯أἫ񡣺٣룬أع¹ټδߣ׻ʥݺ͕Ȼ˸ӣ۳δҲ



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ʮ꡷ӢİΪ1587AYearofNoSignificanceİΪ1587LeDeclindeLaDynastiedesMing⣬еİ桢İ漰ķְ棬ﱸѾãڽ顣

1976ļڡ˰ִʱȻй档ʹӢİ棬Ҳۡ磬ҵԺѧԵķҰΪϸҵԵij棬ԵӼ·ȷ棬ԶڴѸٽΪԭ򣬷鼮ѻڿⷿʽͨͽҵѧij棬ɸѧij縺𣬶Ծ÷ĹDZȽϴۣҪѧУλ֮оѧҲǶĵطһעطעۺϡѧ̵ִģרңΪǷֹ꾡ѧߣ΢Ŀ⣬ԶĹ۵㣬ע⣻ҶѧĿʽdzءʮ꡷ڸ潲֮䡣ҵʵ˵ἰ͢ɼԹһȤǣΪޣᵽй˼룬ӦѧѧΪȲϴʷҲרģȱʣʵDzײ࣬ҲԸӡȺ1979Ү³ѧȻųɼӦ档лڡ˰䵹Ʋӵڼİ棬Ҫ൱ʶֵ

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HistoriansmayreexaminethemistakesofthepastinthehopeofprovidingwarningsforthefuturebutatthesametimecautiontheirreaderstopreservewhatisofvaluePresumablyforChinatheexperiencesofbothEastandWestmustbedrawnuponItisessentialthatthehistorianlayeverythingonthetableƣ

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