the americanization of edward bok-µÚ77ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
Will¡¡you¡¡do¡¡it£¿¡¨¡¡Bok¡¡stood¡¡transfixed¡£¡¡In¡¡sending¡¡men¡¡over¡¡in¡¡the¡¡service¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Y¡£¡¡M¡£¡¡C¡£¡¡A¡£¡¡he¡¡had¡¡several¡¡times¡¡told¡¡them¡¡to¡¡be¡¡ready¡¡for¡¡any¡¡act¡¡that¡¡they¡¡might¡¡be¡¡asked¡¡to¡¡render£»¡¡even¡¡the¡¡most¡¡sacred¡¡one¡£¡¡And¡¡here¡¡he¡¡stood¡¡himself¡¡before¡¡that¡¡duty¡£¡¡He¡¡felt¡¡as¡¡if¡¡he¡¡stood¡¡stripped¡¡before¡¡his¡¡Maker¡£¡¡Through¡¡the¡¡glassless¡¡window¡¡the¡¡sky¡¡lit¡¡up¡¡constantly¡¡with¡¡the¡¡flashes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡guns£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡followed¡¡the¡¡booming¡¡of¡¡a¡¡shell¡¡as¡¡it¡¡landed¡£
¡¨Yes£»¡¡won't¡¡you£»¡¡sir£¿¡¨¡¡asked¡¡the¡¡boy¡¡on¡¡the¡¡right¡¡cot¡¡as¡¡he¡¡held¡¡out¡¡his¡¡hand¡£¡¡Bok¡¡took¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡the¡¡hand¡¡of¡¡the¡¡other¡¡boy¡¡reached¡¡out¡£
What¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡he¡¡did¡¡not¡¡know¡£¡¡Then£»¡¡to¡¡his¡¡surprise£»¡¡he¡¡heard¡¡himself¡¡repeating¡¡extract¡¡after¡¡extract¡¡from¡¡a¡¡book¡¡by¡¡Lyman¡¡Abbott¡¡called¡¡The¡¡Other¡¡Room£»¡¡a¡¡message¡¡to¡¡the¡¡bereaved¡¡declaring¡¡the¡¡non¡existence¡¡of¡¡death£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡we¡¡merely¡¡move¡¡from¡¡this¡¡earth¡¡to¡¡another£º¡¡from¡¡one¡¡room¡¡to¡¡another£»¡¡as¡¡it¡¡were¡£¡¡Bok¡¡had¡¡not¡¡read¡¡the¡¡book¡¡for¡¡years£»¡¡but¡¡here¡¡was¡¡the¡¡subconscious¡¡self¡¡supplying¡¡the¡¡material¡¡for¡¡him¡¡in¡¡his¡¡moment¡¡of¡¡greatest¡¡need¡£¡¡Then¡¡he¡¡remembered¡¡that¡¡just¡¡before¡¡leaving¡¡home¡¡he¡¡had¡¡heard¡¡sung¡¡at¡¡matins£»¡¡after¡¡the¡¡prayer¡¡for¡¡the¡¡President£»¡¡a¡¡beautiful¡¡song¡¡called¡¡¡¨Passing¡¡Souls¡£¡¨¡¡He¡¡had¡¡asked¡¡the¡¡rector¡¡for¡¡a¡¡copy¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡and£»¡¡wondering¡¡why£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡put¡¡it¡¡in¡¡his¡¡wallet¡¡that¡¡he¡¡carried¡¡with¡¡him¡£¡¡He¡¡took¡¡it¡¡out¡¡now¡¡and¡¡holding¡¡the¡¡hand¡¡of¡¡the¡¡boy¡¡at¡¡his¡¡right£»¡¡he¡¡read¡¡to¡¡them£º
¡¡¡¡For¡¡the¡¡passing¡¡souls¡¡we¡¡pray£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Saviour£»¡¡meet¡¡them¡¡on¡¡their¡¡way£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡their¡¡trust¡¡lay¡¡hold¡¡on¡¡Thee¡¡¡¡¡¡Ere¡¡they¡¡touch¡¡eternity¡£
¡¡¡¡Holy¡¡counsels¡¡long¡¡forgot¡¡¡¡¡¡Breathe¡¡again¡¡'mid¡¡shell¡¡and¡¡shot£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Through¡¡the¡¡mist¡¡of¡¡life's¡¡last¡¡pain¡¡¡¡¡¡None¡¡shall¡¡look¡¡to¡¡Thee¡¡in¡¡vain¡£
¡¡¡¡To¡¡the¡¡hearts¡¡that¡¡know¡¡Thee£»¡¡Lord£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Thou¡¡wilt¡¡speak¡¡through¡¡flood¡¡or¡¡sword£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Just¡¡beyond¡¡the¡¡cannon's¡¡roar£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Thou¡¡art¡¡on¡¡the¡¡farther¡¡shore¡£
¡¡¡¡For¡¡the¡¡passing¡¡souls¡¡we¡¡pray£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Saviour£»¡¡meet¡¡them¡¡on¡¡the¡¡way£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Thou¡¡wilt¡¡hear¡¡our¡¡yearning¡¡call£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Who¡¡hast¡¡loved¡¡and¡¡died¡¡for¡¡all¡£
Absolute¡¡stillness¡¡reigned¡¡in¡¡the¡¡room¡¡save¡¡for¡¡the¡¡half¡suppressed¡¡sob¡¡from¡¡the¡¡nurse¡¡and¡¡the¡¡distant¡¡booming¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cannon¡£¡¡As¡¡Bok¡¡finished£»¡¡he¡¡heard¡¡the¡¡boy¡¡at¡¡his¡¡right¡¡say¡¡slowly£º¡¡¡¨Saviour¡meet¡me¡on¡my¡way¡¨£º¡¡with¡¡a¡¡little¡¡emphasis¡¡on¡¡the¡¡word¡¡¡¨my¡£¡¨¡¡The¡¡hand¡¡in¡¡his¡¡relaxed¡¡slowly£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡fell¡¡on¡¡the¡¡cot£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡saw¡¡that¡¡the¡¡soul¡¡of¡¡another¡¡brave¡¡American¡¡boy¡¡had¡¡¡¨gone¡¡West¡£¡¨
Bok¡¡glanced¡¡at¡¡the¡¡other¡¡boy£»¡¡reached¡¡for¡¡his¡¡hand£»¡¡shook¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡looking¡¡deep¡¡into¡¡his¡¡eyes£»¡¡he¡¡left¡¡the¡¡little¡¡hut¡£
He¡¡little¡¡knew¡¡where¡¡and¡¡how¡¡he¡¡was¡¡to¡¡look¡¡into¡¡those¡¡eyes¡¡again£¡
Feeling¡¡the¡¡need¡¡of¡¡air¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡get¡¡hold¡¡of¡¡himself¡¡after¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡solemn¡¡moments¡¡of¡¡his¡¡visit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡front£»¡¡Bok¡¡strolled¡¡out£»¡¡and¡¡soon¡¡found¡¡himself¡¡on¡¡what¡¡only¡¡a¡¡few¡¡days¡¡before¡¡had¡¡been¡¡a¡¡field¡¡of¡¡carnage¡¡where¡¡the¡¡American¡¡boys¡¡had¡¡driven¡¡back¡¡the¡¡Germans¡£¡¡Walking¡¡in¡¡the¡¡trenches¡¡and¡¡looking¡¡out£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡clear¡¡moonlight£»¡¡over¡¡the¡¡field¡¡of¡¡desolation¡¡and¡¡ruin£»¡¡and¡¡thinking¡¡of¡¡the¡¡inferno¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡enacted¡¡there¡¡only¡¡so¡¡recently£»¡¡he¡¡suddenly¡¡felt¡¡his¡¡foot¡¡rest¡¡on¡¡what¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡soft¡¡object¡£¡¡Taking¡¡his¡¡¡¨ever¡ready¡¨¡¡flash¡¡from¡¡his¡¡pocket£»¡¡he¡¡shot¡¡a¡¡ray¡¡at¡¡his¡¡feet£»¡¡only¡¡to¡¡realize¡¡that¡¡his¡¡foot¡¡was¡¡resting¡¡on¡¡the¡¡face¡¡of¡¡a¡¡dead¡¡German£¡
Bok¡¡had¡¡had¡¡enough¡¡for¡¡one¡¡evening£¡¡¡In¡¡fact£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡had¡¡enough¡¡of¡¡war¡¡in¡¡all¡¡its¡¡aspects£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡felt¡¡a¡¡sigh¡¡of¡¡relief¡¡when£»¡¡a¡¡few¡¡days¡¡thereafter£»¡¡he¡¡boarded¡¡The¡¡Empress¡¡of¡¡Asia¡¡for¡¡home£»¡¡after¡¡a¡¡ten¡weeks¡¡absence¡£
He¡¡hoped¡¡never¡¡again¡¡to¡¡see£»¡¡at¡¡first¡¡hand£»¡¡what¡¡war¡¡meant£¡
XXXVI¡£¡¡The¡¡End¡¡of¡¡Thirty¡¡Years'¡¡Editorship
On¡¡the¡¡voyage¡¡home£»¡¡Edward¡¡Bok¡¡decided¡¡that£»¡¡now¡¡the¡¡war¡¡was¡¡over£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡ask¡¡his¡¡company¡¡to¡¡release¡¡him¡¡from¡¡the¡¡editorship¡¡of¡¡The¡¡Ladies'¡¡Home¡¡Journal¡£¡¡His¡¡original¡¡plan¡¡had¡¡been¡¡to¡¡retire¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡a¡¡quarter¡¡of¡¡a¡¡century¡¡of¡¡editorship£»¡¡when¡¡in¡¡his¡¡fiftieth¡¡year¡£¡¡He¡¡was£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡six¡¡years¡¡behind¡¡his¡¡schedule¡£¡¡In¡¡October£»¡¡1919£»¡¡he¡¡would¡¡reach¡¡his¡¡thirtieth¡¡anniversary¡¡as¡¡editor£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡fixed¡¡upon¡¡this¡¡as¡¡an¡¡appropriate¡¡time¡¡for¡¡the¡¡relinquishment¡¡of¡¡his¡¡duties¡£
He¡¡felt¡¡he¡¡had¡¡carried¡¡out¡¡the¡¡conditions¡¡under¡¡which¡¡the¡¡editorship¡¡of¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡had¡¡been¡¡transferred¡¡to¡¡him¡¡by¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Curtis£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡had¡¡brought¡¡them¡¡to¡¡fruition£»¡¡and¡¡that¡¡any¡¡further¡¡carrying¡¡on¡¡of¡¡the¡¡periodical¡¡by¡¡him¡¡would¡¡be¡¡of¡¡a¡¡supplementary¡¡character¡£¡¡He¡¡had£»¡¡too£»¡¡realized¡¡his¡¡hope¡¡of¡¡helping¡¡to¡¡create¡¡a¡¡national¡¡institution¡¡of¡¡service¡¡to¡¡the¡¡American¡¡woman£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡his¡¡part¡¡in¡¡the¡¡work¡¡was¡¡done¡£
He¡¡considered¡¡carefully¡¡where¡¡he¡¡would¡¡leave¡¡an¡¡institution¡¡which¡¡the¡¡public¡¡had¡¡so¡¡thoroughly¡¡associated¡¡with¡¡his¡¡personality£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡at¡¡no¡¡point¡¡in¡¡its¡¡history¡¡could¡¡he¡¡so¡¡safely¡¡transfer¡¡it¡¡to¡¡other¡¡hands¡£¡¡The¡¡position¡¡of¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡in¡¡the¡¡public¡¡estimation¡¡was¡¡unquestioned£»¡¡it¡¡had¡¡never¡¡been¡¡so¡¡strong¡£¡¡Its¡¡circulation¡¡not¡¡only¡¡had¡¡outstripped¡¡that¡¡of¡¡any¡¡other¡¡monthly¡¡periodical£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡was¡¡still¡¡growing¡¡so¡¡rapidly¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡only¡¡a¡¡question¡¡of¡¡a¡¡few¡¡months¡¡when¡¡it¡¡would¡¡reach¡¡the¡¡almost¡¡incredible¡¡mark¡¡of¡¡two¡¡million¡¡copies¡¡per¡¡month¡£¡¡With¡¡its¡¡advertising¡¡patronage¡¡exceeding¡¡that¡¡of¡¡any¡¡other¡¡monthly£»¡¡the¡¡periodical¡¡had¡¡become£»¡¡probably£»¡¡the¡¡most¡¡valuable¡¡and¡¡profitable¡¡piece¡¡of¡¡magazine¡¡property¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡£
The¡¡time¡¡might¡¡never¡¡come¡¡again¡¡when¡¡all¡¡conditions¡¡would¡¡be¡¡equally¡¡favorable¡¡to¡¡a¡¡change¡¡of¡¡editorship¡£¡¡The¡¡position¡¡of¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡was¡¡so¡¡thoroughly¡¡assured¡¡that¡¡its¡¡progress¡¡could¡¡hardly¡¡be¡¡affected¡¡by¡¡the¡¡retirement¡¡of¡¡one¡¡editor£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡accession¡¡of¡¡another¡£¡¡There¡¡was¡¡a¡¡competent¡¡editorial¡¡staff£»¡¡the¡¡members¡¡of¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡with¡¡the¡¡periodical¡¡from¡¡ten¡¡to¡¡thirty¡¡years¡¡each¡£¡¡This¡¡staff¡¡had¡¡been¡¡a¡¡very¡¡large¡¡factor¡¡in¡¡the¡¡success¡¡of¡¡the¡¡magazine¡£¡¡While¡¡Bok¡¡had¡¡furnished¡¡the¡¡initiative¡¡and¡¡supplied¡¡the¡¡directing¡¡power£»¡¡a¡¡large¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡editorial¡¡success¡¡of¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡was¡¡due¡¡to¡¡the¡¡staff¡£¡¡It¡¡could¡¡carry¡¡on¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡without¡¡his¡¡guidance¡£
Moreover£»¡¡Bok¡¡wished¡¡to¡¡say¡¡good¡bye¡¡to¡¡his¡¡public¡¡before¡¡it¡¡decided£»¡¡for¡¡some¡¡reason¡¡or¡¡other£»¡¡to¡¡say¡¡good¡bye¡¡to¡¡him¡£¡¡He¡¡had¡¡no¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡outstay¡¡his¡¡welcome¡£¡¡That¡¡public¡¡had¡¡been¡¡wonderfully¡¡indulgent¡¡toward¡¡his¡¡shortcomings£»¡¡lenient¡¡with¡¡his¡¡errors£»¡¡and¡¡tremendously¡¡inspiring¡¡to¡¡his¡¡best¡¡endeavor¡£¡¡He¡¡would¡¡not¡¡ask¡¡too¡¡much¡¡of¡¡it¡£¡¡Thirty¡¡years¡¡was¡¡a¡¡long¡¡tenure¡¡of¡¡office£»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡longest£»¡¡in¡¡point¡¡of¡¡consecutively¡¡active¡¡editorship£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡American¡¡magazines¡£
He¡¡had¡¡helped¡¡to¡¡create¡¡and¡¡to¡¡put¡¡into¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡American¡¡home¡¡a¡¡magazine¡¡of¡¡peculiar¡¡distinction¡£¡¡From¡¡its¡¡beginning¡¡it¡¡had¡¡been¡¡unlike¡¡any¡¡other¡¡periodical£»¡¡it¡¡had¡¡always¡¡retained¡¡its¡¡individuality¡¡as¡¡a¡¡magazine¡¡apart¡¡from¡¡the¡¡others¡£¡¡It¡¡had¡¡sought¡¡to¡¡be¡¡something¡¡more¡¡than¡¡a¡¡mere¡¡assemblage¡¡of¡¡stories¡¡and¡¡articles¡£¡¡It¡¡had¡¡consistently¡¡stood¡¡for¡¡ideals£»¡¡and£»¡¡save¡¡in¡¡one¡¡or¡¡two¡¡instances£»¡¡it¡¡had¡¡carried¡¡through¡¡what¡¡it¡¡undertook¡¡to¡¡achieve¡£¡¡It¡¡had¡¡a¡¡record¡¡of¡¡worthy¡¡accomplishment£»¡¡a¡¡more¡¡fruitful¡¡record¡¡than¡¡many¡¡imagined¡£¡¡It¡¡had¡¡become¡¡a¡¡national¡¡institution¡¡such¡¡as¡¡no¡¡other¡¡magazine¡¡had¡¡ever¡¡been¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡indisputably¡¡accepted¡¡by¡¡the¡¡public¡¡and¡¡by¡¡business¡¡interests¡¡alike¡¡as¡¡the¡¡recognized¡¡avenue¡¡of¡¡approach¡¡to¡¡the¡¡intelligent¡¡homes¡¡of¡¡America¡£
Edward¡¡Bok¡¡was¡¡content¡¡to¡¡leave¡¡it¡¡at¡¡this¡¡point¡£
He¡¡explained¡¡all¡¡this¡¡in¡¡December£»¡¡1918£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Board¡¡of¡¡Directors£»¡¡and¡¡asked¡¡that¡¡his¡¡resignation¡¡be¡¡considered¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡understood¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡to¡¡serve¡¡out¡¡his¡¡thirty¡¡years£»¡¡thus¡¡remaining¡¡with¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡for¡¡the¡¡best¡¡part¡¡of¡¡another¡¡year¡£
In¡¡the¡¡material¡¡which¡¡The¡¡Journal¡¡now¡¡included¡¡in¡¡its¡¡contents£»¡¡it¡¡began¡¡to¡¡point¡¡the¡¡way¡¡to¡¡the¡¡problems¡¡which¡¡would¡¡face¡¡women¡¡during¡¡the¡¡reconstruction¡¡period¡£¡¡Bok¡¡scanned¡¡the¡¡rather¡¡crowded¡¡field¡¡of¡¡thought¡¡very¡¡carefully£»¡¡and¡¡selected¡¡for¡¡discussion¡¡in¡¡the¡¡magazine¡¡such¡¡questions¡¡as¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡him¡¡most¡¡important¡¡for¡¡the¡¡public¡¡to¡¡understand¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡face¡¡and¡¡solve¡¡its¡¡impending¡¡problems¡£¡¡The¡¡outstanding¡¡question¡¡he¡¡saw¡¡which¡¡would¡¡immediately¡¡face¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women¡¡of¡¡the¡¡country¡¡was¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡of¡¡Americanization¡£¡¡The¡¡war¡¡and¡¡its¡¡after¡effects¡¡had¡¡clearly¡¡demonstrated¡¡this¡¡to¡¡be¡¡the¡¡most¡¡vital¡¡need¡¡in¡¡the¡¡life¡¡of¡¡the¡¡nation£»¡¡not¡¡only¡¡for¡¡the¡¡foreign¡born¡¡but¡¡for¡¡the¡¡American¡¡as¡¡well¡£
The¡¡more¡¡one¡¡studied¡¡the¡¡problem¡¡the¡¡clearer¡¡it¡¡became¡¡that¡¡the¡¡vast¡¡majority¡¡of¡¡American¡born¡¡needed¡¡a¡¡refreshing£»¡¡and£»¡¡in¡¡many¡¡cases£»¡¡a¡¡new¡¡conception¡¡of¡¡American¡¡ideals¡¡as¡¡much¡¡as¡¡did¡¡the¡¡foreign¡born