the americanization of edward bok-µÚ25ÕÂ
°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
¡¨Taine£»¡¡T¡a¡i¡n¡e£»¡¨¡¡replied¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Clemens¡£
Then¡¡did¡¡the¡¡youthfulness¡¡of¡¡the¡¡salesman¡¡assert¡¡itself¡£¡¡Assuming¡¡an¡¡air¡¡of¡¡superior¡¡knowledge£»¡¡and¡¡looking¡¡at¡¡the¡¡customer¡¡with¡¡an¡¡air¡¡of¡¡sympathy£»¡¡he¡¡corrected¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Clemens£º
¡¨Pardon¡¡me£»¡¡madam£»¡¡but¡¡you¡¡have¡¡the¡¡name¡¡a¡¡trifle¡¡wrong¡£¡¡You¡¡mean¡¡Twain¡not¡¡Taine¡£¡¨
With¡¡so¡¡many¡¡young¡¡men¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡age£»¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡natural¡¡sense¡¡of¡¡team¡work¡¡and¡¡a¡¡spirit¡¡of¡¡comradeship¡¡that¡¡made¡¡for¡¡successful¡¡co¡operation¡£¡¡This¡¡spirit¡¡extended¡¡outside¡¡of¡¡business¡¡hours¡£¡¡At¡¡luncheon¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡Scribner¡¡table¡¡in¡¡a¡¡neighboring¡¡restaurant£»¡¡and¡¡evenings¡¡saw¡¡the¡¡Scribner¡¡department¡¡heads¡¡mingling¡¡as¡¡friends¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡a¡¡group¡¡of¡¡young¡¡men¡¡who¡¡understood¡¡and¡¡liked¡¡each¡¡other£»¡¡with¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡result¡¡that¡¡business¡¡went¡¡easier¡¡and¡¡better¡¡because¡¡of¡¡it¡£
But¡¡Bok¡¡did¡¡not¡¡have¡¡much¡¡time¡¡for¡¡evening¡¡enjoyment£»¡¡since¡¡his¡¡outside¡¡interests¡¡had¡¡grown¡¡and¡¡prospered¡¡and¡¡they¡¡kept¡¡him¡¡busy¡£¡¡His¡¡syndicate¡¡was¡¡regularly¡¡supplying¡¡over¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡newspapers£º¡¡his¡¡literary¡¡letter¡¡had¡¡become¡¡an¡¡established¡¡feature¡¡in¡¡thirty¡¡different¡¡newspapers¡£
Of¡¡course£»¡¡his¡¡opportunities¡¡for¡¡making¡¡this¡¡letter¡¡interesting¡¡were¡¡unusual¡£¡¡Owing¡¡to¡¡his¡¡Scribner¡¡connection£»¡¡however£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡his¡¡name¡¡from¡¡the¡¡letter¡¡and¡¡signed¡¡that¡¡of¡¡his¡¡brother¡£¡¡He¡¡had£»¡¡also£»¡¡constantly¡¡to¡¡discriminate¡¡between¡¡the¡¡information¡¡that¡¡he¡¡could¡¡publish¡¡without¡¡violation¡¡of¡¡confidence¡¡and¡¡that¡¡which¡¡he¡¡felt¡¡he¡¡was¡¡not¡¡at¡¡liberty¡¡to¡¡print¡£¡¡This¡¡gave¡¡him¡¡excellent¡¡experience£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡most¡¡vital¡¡of¡¡all¡¡essentials¡¡in¡¡the¡¡journalist¡¡is¡¡the¡¡ability¡¡unerringly¡¡to¡¡decide¡¡what¡¡to¡¡print¡¡and¡¡what¡¡to¡¡regard¡¡as¡¡confidential¡£
Of¡¡course£»¡¡the¡¡best¡¡things¡¡that¡¡came¡¡to¡¡him¡¡he¡¡could¡¡not¡¡print¡£¡¡Whenever¡¡there¡¡was¡¡a¡¡question£»¡¡he¡¡gave¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡of¡¡the¡¡doubt¡¡to¡¡the¡¡confidential¡¡relation¡¡in¡¡which¡¡his¡¡position¡¡placed¡¡him¡¡with¡¡authors£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡Dutch¡¡caution£»¡¡although¡¡it¡¡deprived¡¡him¡¡of¡¡many¡¡a¡¡toothsome¡¡morsel¡¡for¡¡his¡¡letter£»¡¡soon¡¡became¡¡known¡¡to¡¡his¡¡confreres£»¡¡and¡¡was¡¡a¡¡large¡¡asset¡¡when£»¡¡as¡¡an¡¡editor£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡to¡¡follow¡¡the¡¡golden¡¡rule¡¡of¡¡editorship¡¡that¡¡teaches¡¡one¡¡to¡¡keep¡¡the¡¡ears¡¡open¡¡but¡¡the¡¡mouth¡¡shut¡£
This¡¡Alpha¡¡and¡¡Omega¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡commandments¡¡in¡¡the¡¡editorial¡¡creed¡¡some¡¡editors¡¡learn¡¡by¡¡sorrowful¡¡experience¡£¡¡Bok¡¡was£»¡¡again£»¡¡fortunate¡¡in¡¡learning¡¡it¡¡under¡¡the¡¡most¡¡friendly¡¡auspices¡£¡¡He¡¡continued¡¡to¡¡work¡¡without¡¡sparing¡¡himself£»¡¡but¡¡his¡¡star¡¡remained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡ascendency¡£¡¡Just¡¡how¡¡far¡¡a¡¡man's¡¡own¡¡efforts¡¡and¡¡standards¡¡keep¡¡a¡¡friendly¡¡star¡¡centred¡¡over¡¡his¡¡head¡¡is¡¡a¡¡question¡£¡¡But¡¡Edward¡¡Bok¡¡has¡¡always¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡materially¡¡helped¡¡by¡¡fortuitous¡¡conditions¡¡not¡¡of¡¡his¡¡own¡¡creation¡¡or¡¡choice¡£
He¡¡was¡¡now¡¡to¡¡receive¡¡his¡¡first¡¡public¡¡baptism¡¡of¡¡fire¡£¡¡He¡¡had¡¡published¡¡a¡¡symposium£»¡¡through¡¡his¡¡newspaper¡¡syndicate£»¡¡discussing¡¡the¡¡question£»¡¡¡¨Should¡¡Clergymen¡¡Smoke£¿¡¨¡¡He¡¡had¡¡induced¡¡all¡¡the¡¡prominent¡¡clergymen¡¡in¡¡the¡¡country¡¡to¡¡contribute¡¡their¡¡views£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡distinguished¡¡was¡¡the¡¡list¡¡that¡¡the¡¡article¡¡created¡¡widespread¡¡attention¡£
One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡contributors¡¡was¡¡the¡¡Reverend¡¡Richard¡¡S¡£¡¡Storrs£»¡¡D¡£D¡££»¡¡one¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡distinguished¡¡of¡¡Brooklyn's¡¡coterie¡¡of¡¡clergy¡¡of¡¡that¡¡day¡£¡¡A¡¡few¡¡days¡¡after¡¡the¡¡publication¡¡of¡¡the¡¡article£»¡¡Bok¡¡was¡¡astounded¡¡to¡¡read¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Brooklyn¡¡Eagle¡¡a¡¡sensational¡¡article£»¡¡with¡¡large¡¡headlines£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs¡¡repudiated¡¡his¡¡contribution¡¡to¡¡the¡¡symposium£»¡¡declared¡¡that¡¡he¡¡had¡¡never¡¡written¡¡or¡¡signed¡¡such¡¡a¡¡statement£»¡¡and¡¡accused¡¡Edward¡¡Bok¡¡of¡¡forgery¡£
Coming¡¡from¡¡a¡¡man¡¡of¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs's¡¡prominence£»¡¡the¡¡accusation¡¡was£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡a¡¡serious¡¡one¡£¡¡Bok¡¡realized¡¡this¡¡at¡¡once¡£¡¡He¡¡foresaw¡¡the¡¡damage¡¡it¡¡might¡¡work¡¡to¡¡the¡¡reputation¡¡of¡¡a¡¡young¡¡man¡¡trying¡¡to¡¡climb¡¡the¡¡ladder¡¡of¡¡success£»¡¡and¡¡wondered¡¡why¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs¡¡had¡¡seen¡¡fit¡¡to¡¡accuse¡¡him¡¡in¡¡this¡¡public¡¡manner¡¡instead¡¡of¡¡calling¡¡upon¡¡him¡¡for¡¡a¡¡personal¡¡explanation¡£¡¡He¡¡thought¡¡perhaps¡¡he¡¡might¡¡find¡¡such¡¡a¡¡letter¡¡from¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs¡¡when¡¡he¡¡reached¡¡home£»¡¡but¡¡instead¡¡he¡¡met¡¡a¡¡small¡¡corps¡¡of¡¡reporters¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Brooklyn¡¡and¡¡New¡¡York¡¡newspapers¡£¡¡He¡¡told¡¡them¡¡frankly¡¡that¡¡no¡¡one¡¡was¡¡more¡¡surprised¡¡at¡¡the¡¡accusation¡¡than¡¡he£»¡¡but¡¡that¡¡the¡¡original¡¡contributions¡¡were¡¡in¡¡the¡¡New¡¡York¡¡office¡¡of¡¡the¡¡syndicate£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡could¡¡not¡¡corroborate¡¡his¡¡word¡¡until¡¡he¡¡had¡¡looked¡¡into¡¡the¡¡papers¡¡and¡¡found¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs's¡¡contribution¡£
That¡¡evening¡¡Bok¡¡got¡¡at¡¡the¡¡papers¡¡in¡¡the¡¡case£»¡¡and¡¡found¡¡out¡¡that£»¡¡technically£»¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs¡¡was¡¡right£º¡¡he¡¡had¡¡not¡¡written¡¡or¡¡signed¡¡such¡¡a¡¡statement¡£¡¡The¡¡compiler¡¡of¡¡the¡¡symposium£»¡¡the¡¡editor¡¡of¡¡one¡¡of¡¡New¡¡York's¡¡leading¡¡evening¡¡papers¡¡whom¡¡Bok¡¡had¡¡employed£»¡¡had¡¡found¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs's¡¡declaration¡¡in¡¡favor¡¡of¡¡a¡¡clergyman's¡¡use¡¡of¡¡tobacco¡¡in¡¡an¡¡address¡¡made¡¡some¡¡time¡¡before£»¡¡had¡¡extracted¡¡it¡¡and¡¡incorporated¡¡it¡¡into¡¡the¡¡symposium¡£¡¡It¡¡was£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs's¡¡opinion¡¡on¡¡the¡¡subject£»¡¡but¡¡not¡¡written¡¡for¡¡the¡¡occasion¡¡for¡¡which¡¡it¡¡was¡¡used¡£¡¡Bok¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡his¡¡editor¡¡had¡¡led¡¡him¡¡into¡¡an¡¡indiscretion¡£¡¡Yet¡¡the¡¡sentiments¡¡were¡¡those¡¡of¡¡the¡¡writer¡¡whose¡¡name¡¡was¡¡attached¡¡to¡¡them£»¡¡so¡¡that¡¡the¡¡act¡¡was¡¡not¡¡one¡¡of¡¡forgery¡£¡¡The¡¡editor¡¡explained¡¡that¡¡he¡¡had¡¡sent¡¡the¡¡extract¡¡to¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡not¡¡returned¡¡it£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡had¡¡taken¡¡silence¡¡to¡¡mean¡¡consent¡¡to¡¡the¡¡use¡¡of¡¡the¡¡material¡£
Bok¡¡decided¡¡to¡¡say¡¡nothing¡¡until¡¡he¡¡heard¡¡from¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs¡¡personally£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡told¡¡the¡¡newspapers¡£¡¡But¡¡the¡¡clergyman¡¡did¡¡not¡¡stop¡¡his¡¡attack¡£¡¡Of¡¡course£»¡¡the¡¡newspapers¡¡egged¡¡him¡¡on¡¡and¡¡extracted¡¡from¡¡him¡¡the¡¡further¡¡accusation¡¡that¡¡Bok's¡¡silence¡¡proved¡¡his¡¡guilt¡£¡¡Bok¡¡now¡¡took¡¡the¡¡case¡¡to¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Beecher£»¡¡and¡¡asked¡¡his¡¡advice¡£
¡¨Well£»¡¡Edward£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡right¡¡and¡¡you¡¡are¡¡wrong£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Beecher¡£¡¡¡¨And¡¡so¡¡is¡¡Storrs£»¡¡of¡¡course¡£¡¡It¡¡is¡¡beneath¡¡him¡¡to¡¡do¡¡what¡¡he¡¡has¡¡done¡£¡¡Storrs¡¡and¡¡I¡¡are¡¡not¡¡good¡¡friends£»¡¡as¡¡you¡¡know£»¡¡and¡¡so¡¡I¡¡cannot¡¡go¡¡to¡¡him¡¡and¡¡ask¡¡him¡¡the¡¡reason¡¡of¡¡his¡¡disclaimer¡£¡¡Otherwise¡¡I¡¡would¡£¡¡Of¡¡course£»¡¡he¡¡may¡¡have¡¡forgotten¡¡his¡¡remarks£º¡¡that¡¡is¡¡always¡¡possible¡¡in¡¡a¡¡busy¡¡man's¡¡life¡£¡¡He¡¡may¡¡not¡¡have¡¡received¡¡the¡¡letter¡¡enclosing¡¡them¡£¡¡That¡¡is¡¡likewise¡¡possible¡£¡¡But¡¡I¡¡have¡¡a¡¡feeling¡¡that¡¡Storrs¡¡has¡¡some¡¡reason¡¡for¡¡wishing¡¡to¡¡repudiate¡¡his¡¡views¡¡on¡¡this¡¡subject¡¡just¡¡at¡¡this¡¡time¡£¡¡What¡¡it¡¡is¡¡I¡¡do¡¡not£»¡¡of¡¡course£»¡¡know£»¡¡but¡¡his¡¡vehemence¡¡makes¡¡me¡¡think¡¡so¡£¡¡I¡¡think¡¡I¡¡should¡¡let¡¡him¡¡have¡¡his¡¡rein¡£¡¡Keep¡¡you¡¡quiet¡£¡¡It¡¡may¡¡damage¡¡you¡¡a¡¡little¡¡here¡¡and¡¡there£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡end¡¡it¡¡won't¡¡harm¡¡you¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡main¡¡point£»¡¡you¡¡are¡¡right¡£¡¡You¡¡are¡¡not¡¡a¡¡forger¡£¡¡The¡¡sentiments¡¡are¡¡his¡¡and¡¡he¡¡uttered¡¡them£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡should¡¡stand¡¡by¡¡them¡£¡¡He¡¡threatens¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡you¡¡into¡¡court£»¡¡I¡¡see¡¡from¡¡to¡day's¡¡paper¡£¡¡Wait¡¡until¡¡he¡¡does¡¡so¡£¡¨
Bok£»¡¡chancing¡¡to¡¡meet¡¡Doctor¡¡Talmage£»¡¡told¡¡him¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Beecher's¡¡advice£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡endorsed¡¡it¡£¡¡¡¨Remember£»¡¡boy£»¡¨¡¡said¡¡Doctor¡¡Talmage£»¡¡¡¨silence¡¡is¡¡never¡¡so¡¡golden¡¡as¡¡when¡¡you¡¡are¡¡under¡¡fire¡£¡¡I¡¡know£»¡¡for¡¡I¡¡have¡¡been¡¡there£»¡¡as¡¡you¡¡know£»¡¡more¡¡than¡¡once¡£¡¡Keep¡¡quiet£»¡¡and¡¡always¡¡believe¡¡this£º¡¡that¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡common¡¡sense¡¡abroad¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and¡¡a¡¡man¡¡is¡¡always¡¡safe¡¡in¡¡trusting¡¡it¡¡to¡¡do¡¡him¡¡justice¡£¡¨
They¡¡were¡¡not¡¡pleasant¡¡and¡¡easy¡¡days¡¡for¡¡Bok£»¡¡for¡¡Doctor¡¡Storrs¡¡kept¡¡up¡¡the¡¡din¡¡for¡¡several¡¡days¡£¡¡Bok¡¡waited¡¡for¡¡the¡¡word¡¡to¡¡appear¡¡in¡¡court¡£¡¡But¡¡this¡¡never¡¡came£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡matter¡¡soon¡¡died¡¡down¡¡and¡¡out¡£¡¡And£»¡¡although¡¡Bok¡¡met¡¡the¡¡clergyman¡¡several¡¡times¡¡afterward¡¡in¡¡the¡¡years¡¡that¡¡followed£»¡¡no¡¡reference¡¡was¡¡ever¡¡made¡¡by¡¡him¡¡to¡¡the¡¡incident¡£
But¡¡Edward¡¡Bok¡¡had¡¡learned¡¡a¡¡valuable¡¡lesson¡¡of¡¡silence¡¡under¡¡firean¡¡experience¡¡that¡¡was¡¡to¡¡stand¡¡him¡¡in¡¡good¡¡stead¡¡when¡¡he¡¡was¡¡again¡¡publicly¡¡attacked¡¡not¡¡long¡¡afterward¡£
This¡¡occurred¡¡in¡¡connection¡¡with¡¡a¡¡notable¡¡anniversary¡¡celebration¡¡in¡¡honor¡¡of¡¡Henry¡¡Ward¡¡Beecher£»¡¡in¡¡which¡¡the¡¡entire¡¡city¡¡of¡¡Brooklyn¡¡was¡¡to¡¡participate¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡to¡¡mark¡¡a¡¡mile¡stone¡¡in¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Beecher's¡¡ministry¡¡and¡¡in¡¡his¡¡pastorate¡¡of¡¡Plymouth¡¡Church¡£¡¡Bok¡¡planned¡¡a¡¡worldwide¡¡tribute¡¡to¡¡the¡¡famed¡¡clergyman£º¡¡he¡¡would¡¡get¡¡the¡¡most¡¡distinguished¡¡men¡¡and¡¡women¡¡of¡¡this¡¡and¡¡other¡¡countries¡¡to¡¡express¡¡their¡¡esteem¡¡for¡¡the¡¡Plymouth¡¡pastor¡¡in¡¡written¡¡congratulations£»¡¡and¡¡he¡¡would¡¡bind¡¡these¡¡into¡¡a¡¡volume¡¡for¡¡presentation¡¡to¡¡Mr¡£¡¡Beecher¡¡on¡¡the¡¡occasion¡£¡¡He¡¡consulted¡¡members¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Beecher¡¡family£»¡¡and£»¡¡with¡¡their¡¡acquiescence£»¡¡began¡¡to¡¡assemble¡¡the¡¡material¡£¡¡He¡¡was¡¡in¡¡the¡¡midst¡¡of¡¡the¡¡work¡¡when¡¡Henry¡¡Ward¡¡Beecher¡¡passed¡¡away¡£¡¡Bok¡¡felt¡¡that¡¡the¡¡tributes¡¡already¡¡received¡¡were¡¡too¡¡wonderful¡¡to¡¡be¡¡lost¡¡to¡¡the¡¡world£»¡¡and£»¡¡after¡¡again¡¡consulting¡¡Mrs¡£¡¡Beecher¡¡and¡¡her¡¡children£»¡¡he¡¡determined¡¡to¡¡finish¡¡the¡¡collection¡¡and¡¡publish¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡memorial¡¡f