part3-第9章

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and　said；　'Who　are　you？'　The　fellow　answered；　'I　am　the　poor　piper。

Where　am　I？'　'Where　are　you？'　says　Hayward。　　'Why；　you　are　in　the

dead…cart；　and　we　are　going　to　bury　you。'　'But　I　an't　dead　though；　am

I？'　says　the　piper；　which　made　them　laugh　a　little　though；　as　John　said；

they　were　heartily　frighted　at　first；　so　they　helped　the　poor　fellow

down；　and　he　went　about　his　business。



I　know　the　story　goes　he　set　up　his　pipes　in　the　cart　and　frighted　the

bearers　and　others　so　that　they　ran　away；　but　John　Hayward　did　not

tell　the　story　so；　nor　say　anything　of　his　piping　at　all；　but　that　he　was　a

poor　piper；　and　that　he　was　carried　away　as　above　I　am　fully　satisfied

of　the　truth　of。



It　is　to　be　noted　here　that　the　dead…carts　in　the　city　were　not

confined　to　particular　parishes；　but　one　cart　went　through　several

parishes；　according　as　the　number　of　dead　presented；　nor　were　they

tied　to　carry　the　dead　to　their　respective　parishes；　but　many　of　the

dead　taken　up　in　the　city　were　carried　to　the　burying…ground　in　the

out…parts　for　want　of　room。



I　have　already　mentioned　the　surprise　that　this　judgement　was　at

first　among　the　people。　　I　must　be　allowed　to　give　some　of　my

observations　on　the　more　serious　and　religious　part。　　Surely　never　city；

at　least　of　this　bulk　and　magnitude；　was　taken　in　a　condition　so

perfectly　unprepared　for　such　a　dreadful　visitation；　whether　I　am　to

speak　of　the　civil　preparations　or　religious。　　They　were；　indeed；　as　if

they　had　had　no　warning；　no　expectation；　no　apprehensions；　and

consequently　the　least　provision　imaginable　was　made　for　it　in　a

public　way。　　For　example；　the　Lord　Mayor　and　sheriffs　had　made　no

provision　as　magistrates　for　the　regulations　which　were　to　be

observed。　　They　had　gone　into　no　measures　for　relief　of　the　poor。　　The

citizens　had　no　public　magazines　or　storehouses　for　corn　or　meal　for

the　subsistence　of　the　poor；　which　if　they　had　provided　themselves；　as

in　such　cases　is　done　abroad；　many　miserable　families　who　were　now

reduced　to　the　utmost　distress　would　have　been　relieved；　and　that　in　a

better　manner　than　now　could　be　done。



The　stock　of　the　city's　money　I　can　say　but　little　to。　　The　Chamber　of

London　was　said　to　be　exceedingly　rich；　and　it　may　be　concluded　that

they　were　so；　by　the　vast　of　money　issued　from　thence　in　the

rebuilding　the　public　edifices　after　the　fire　of　London；　and　in　building

new　works；　such　as；　for　the　first　part；　the　Guildhall；　Blackwell　Hall；

part　of　Leadenhall；　half　the　Exchange；　the　Session　House；　the

Compter；　the　prisons　of　Ludgate；　Newgate；　&c。；　several　of　the　wharfs

and　stairs　and　landing…places　on　the　river；　all　which　were　either

burned　down　or　damaged　by　the　great　fire　of　London；　the　next　year

after　the　plague；　and　of　the　second　sort；　the　Monument；　Fleet　Ditch

with　its　bridges；　and　the　Hospital　of　Bethlem　or　Bedlam；　&c。　　But

possibly　the　managers　of　the　city's　credit　at　that　time　made　more

conscience　of　breaking　in　upon　the　orphan's　money　to　show　charity　to

the　distressed　citizens　than　the　managers　in　the　following　years　did　to

beautify　the　city　and　re…edify　the　buildings；　though；　in　the　first　case；

the　losers　would　have　thought　their　fortunes　better　bestowed；　and　the

public　faith　of　the　city　have　been　less　subjected　to　scandal　and　reproach。



It　must　be　acknowledged　that　the　absent　citizens；　who；　though　they

were　fled　for　safety　into　the　country；　were　yet　greatly　interested　in　the

welfare　of　those　whom　they　left　behind；　forgot　not　to　contribute

liberally　to　the　relief　of　the　poor；　and　large　sums　were　also　collected

among　trading　towns　in　the　remotest　parts　of　England；　and；　as　I　have

heard　also；　the　nobility　and　the　gentry　in　all　parts　of　England　took　the

deplorable　condition　of　the　city　into　their　consideration；　and　sent　up

large　sums　of　money　in　charity　to　the　Lord　Mayor　and　magistrates　for

the　relief　of　the　poor。　　The　king　also；　as　I　was　told；　ordered　a　thousand

pounds　a　week　to　be　distributed　in　four　parts：　one　quarter　to　the　city

and　liberty　of　Westminster；　one　quarter　or　part　among　the　inhabitants

of　the　Southwark　side　of　the　water；　one　quarter　to　the　liberty　and　parts

within　of　the　city；　exclusive　of　the　city　within　the　walls；　and　one…

fourth　part　to　the　suburbs　in　the　county　of　Middlesex；　and　the　east　and

north　parts　of　the　city。　　But　this　latter　I　only　speak　of　as　a　report。



Certain　it　is；　the　greatest　part　of　the　poor　or　families　who　formerly

lived　by　their　labour；　or　by　retail　trade；　lived　now　on　charity；　and　had

there　not　been　prodigious　sums　of　money　given　by　charitable；　well…

minded　Christians　for　the　support　of　such；　the　city　could　never　have

subsisted。　　There　were；　no　question；　accounts　kept　of　their　charity；　and

of　the　just　distribution　of　it　by　the　magistrates。　　But　as　such　multitudes

of　those　very　officers　died　through　whose　hands　it　was　distributed；

and　also　that；　as　I　have　been　told；　most　of　the　accounts　of　those　things

were　lost　in　the　great　fire　which　happened　in　the　very　next　year；　and

which　burnt　even　the　chamberlain's　office　and　many　of　their　papers；

so　I　could　never　come　at　the　particular　account；　which　I　used　great

endeavours　to　have　seen。



It　may；　however；　be　a　direction　in　case　of　the　approach　of　a　like

visitation；　which　God　keep　the　city　from；　…　I　say；　it　may　be　of　use　to

observe　that　by　the　care　of　the　Lord　Mayor　and　aldermen　at　that　time

in　distributing　weekly　great　sums　of　money　for　relief　of　the　poor；　a

multitude　of　people　who　would　otherwise　have　perished；　were

relieved；　and　their　lives　preserved。　　And　here　let　me　enter　into　a　brief

state　of　the　case　of　the　poor　at　that　time；　and　what　way　apprehended

from　them；　from　whence　may　be　judged　hereafter　what　may　be

expected　if　the　like　distress　should　come　upon　the　city。



At　the　beginning　of　the　plague；　when　there　was　now　no　more　hope

but　that　the　whole　city　would　be　visited；　when；　as　I　have　said；　all　that

had　friends　or　estates　in　the　country　retired　with　their　families；

and　when；　indeed；　one　would　have　thought　the　very　city　itself　was

running　out　of　the　gates；　and　that　there　would　be　nobody　left　behind；

you　may　be　sure　from　that　hour　all　trade；　except　such　as　related　to

immediate　subsistence；　was；　as　it　were；　at　a　full　stop。



This　is　so　lively　a　case；　and　contains　in　it　so　much　of　the　real

condition　of　the　people；　that　I　think　I　cannot　be　too　particular　in　it；

and　therefore　I　descend　to　the　several　arrangements　or　classes　of

people　who　fell　into　immediate　distress　upon　this　occasion。　　For　example：



1。　　All　master…workmen　in　manufactures；　especially　such　as　belonged

to　ornament　and　the　less　necessary　parts　of　the　people's　dress；　clothes；

and　furniture　for　houses；　such　as　riband…weavers　and　other　weavers；

gold　and　silver　lace　makers；　and　gold　and　silver　wire　drawers；

sempstresses；　milliners；　shoemakers；　hatmakers；　and　glovemakers；

also　upholsterers；　joiners；　cabinet…makers；　looking…glass　makers；　and

innumerable　trades　which　depend　upon　such　as　these；　…　I　say；　the

master…workmen　in　such　stopped　their　work；　dismissed　their

journeymen　and　workmen；　and　all　their　dependents。



2。　　As　merchandising　was　at　a　full　stop；　for　very　few　ships　ventured　to

come　up　the　river　and　none　at　all　went　out；　so　all　the　extraordinary

officers　of　the　customs；　likewise　the　watermen；　carmen；　porters；　and

all　the　poor　whose　labour　depended　upon　the　merchants；　were　at　once

dismissed　and　put　out　of　business。



3。　　All　the　tradesmen　usually　employed　in　building　or　repairing　of

houses　were　at　a　full　stop；　for　the　people　were　far　from　wanting　to

build　houses　when　so　many　thousand　houses　were　at　once　stripped　of

their　inhabitants；　so　that　this　one　article　turned　all　the　ordinary

workmen　of　that　kind　out　of　business；　such　as　bricklayers；　masons；

carpenters；　joiners；　plasterers；　painters；　glaziers；　smiths；　plumbers；　and

all　the　labourers　depending　on　such。



4。　　As　navigation　was　at　a　stop；　our　ships　neither　coming　in　or　going

out　as　bef