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                                     360 BC



                                    PHAEDRUS



                                    by Plato



                         translated by Benjamin Jowett



PHAEDRUS



  PERSONS OF THE DIALOGUE: SOCRATES; PHAEDRUS。 Scene: Under a



plane…tree; by the banks of the Ilissus。







  Socrates。 My dear Phaedrus; whence come you; and whither are you



going?



  Phaedrus。 I come from Lysias the son of Cephalus; and I am going



to take a walk outside the wall; for I have been sitting with him



the whole morning; and our common friend Acumenus tells me that it



is much more refreshing to walk in the open air than to be shut up



in a cloister。



  Soc。 There he is right。 Lysias then; I suppose; was in the town?



  Phaedr。 Yes; he was staying with Epicrates; here at the house of



Morychus; that house which is near the temple of Olympian Zeus。



  Soc。 And how did he entertain you? Can I be wrong in supposing



that Lysias gave you a feast of discourse?



  Phaedr。 You shall hear; if you can spare time to accompany me。



  Soc。 And should I not deem the conversation of you and Lysias 〃a



thing of higher import;〃 as I may say in the words of Pindar; 〃than



any business〃?



  Phaedr。 Will you go on?



  Soc。 And will you go on with the narration?



  Phaedr。 My tale; Socrates; is one of your sort; for love was the



theme which occupied us …love after a fashion: Lysias has been writing



about a fair youth who was being tempted; but not by a lover; and this



was the point: he ingeniously proved that the non…lover should be



accepted rather than the lover。



  Soc。 O that is noble of him! I wish that he would say the poor man



rather than the rich; and the old man rather than the young one;



then he would meet the case of me and of many a man; his words would



be quite refreshing; and he would be a public benefactor。 For my part;



I do so long to hear his speech; that if you walk all the way to



Megara; and when you have reached the wall come back; as Herodicus



recommends; without going in; I will keep you company。



  Phaedr。 What do you mean; my good Socrates? How can you imagine that



my unpractised memory can do justice to an elaborate work; which the



greatest rhetorician of the age spent a long time in composing。



Indeed; I cannot; I would give a great deal if I could。



  Soc。 I believe that I know Phaedrus about as well as I know



myself; and I am very sure that the speech of Lysias was repeated to



him; not once only; but again and again;…he insisted on hearing it



many times over and Lysias was very willing to gratify him; at last;



when nothing else would do; he got hold of the book; and looked at



what he most wanted to see;…this occupied him during the whole



morning; …and then when he was tired with sitting; he went out to take



a walk; not until; by the dog; as I believe; he had simply learned



by heart the entire discourse; unless it was unusually long; and he



went to a place outside the wall that he might practise his lesson。



There he saw a certain lover of discourse who had a similar



weakness;…he saw and rejoiced; now thought he; 〃I shall have a partner



in my revels。〃 And he invited him to come and walk with him。 But



when the lover of discourse begged that he would repeat the tale; he



gave himself airs and said; 〃No I cannot;〃 as if he were indisposed;



although; if the hearer had refused; he would sooner or later have



been compelled by him to listen whether he would or no。 Therefore;



Phaedrus; bid him do at once what he will soon do whether bidden or



not。



  Phaedr。 I see that you will not let me off until I speak in some



fashion or other; verily therefore my best plan is to speak as I



best can。



  Soc。 A very true remark; that of yours。



  Phaedr。 I will do as I say; but believe me; Socrates; I did not



learn the very words…O no; nevertheless I have a general notion of



what he said; and will give you a summary of the points in which the



lover differed from the non…lover。 Let me begin at the beginning。



  Soc。 Yes; my sweet one; but you must first of all show what you have



in your left hand under your cloak; for that roll; as I suspect; is



the actual discourse。 Now; much as I love you; I would not have you



suppose that I am going to have your memory exercised at my expense;



if you have Lysias himself here。



  Phaedr。 Enough; I see that I have no hope of practising my art



upon you。 But if I am to read; where would you please to sit?



  Soc。 Let us turn aside and go by the Ilissus; we will sit down at



some quiet spot。



  Phaedr。 I am fortunate in not having my sandals; and as you never



have any; I think that we may go along the brook and cool our feet



in the water; this will be the easiest way; and at midday and in the



summer is far from being unpleasant。



  Soc。 Lead on; and look out for a place in which we can sit down。



  Phaedr。 Do you see the tallest plane…tree in the distance?



  Soc。 Yes。



  Phaedr。 There are shade and gentle breezes; and grass on which we



may either sit or lie down。



  Soc。 Move forward。



  Phaedr。 I should like to know; Socrates; whether the place is not



somewhere here at which Boreas is said to have carried off Orithyia



from the banks of the Ilissus?



  Soc。 Such is the tradition。



  Phaedr。 And is this the exact spot? The little stream is



delightfully clear and bright; I can fancy that there might be maidens



playing near。



  Soc。 I believe that the spot is not exactly here; but about a



quarter of a mile lower down; where you cross to the temple of



Artemis; and there is; I think; some sort of an altar of Boreas at the



place。



  Phaedr。 I have never noticed it; but I beseech you to tell me;



Socrates; do you believe this tale?



  Soc。 The wise are doubtful; and I should not be singular if; like



them; I too doubted。 I might have a rational explanation that Orithyia



was playing with Pharmacia; when a northern gust carried her over



the neighbouring rocks; and this being the manner of her death; she



was said to have been carried away by Boreas。 There is a



discrepancy; however; about the locality; according to another version



of the story she was taken from Areopagus; and not from this place。



Now I quite acknowledge that these allegories are very nice; but he is



not to be envied who has to invent them; much labour and ingenuity



will be required of him; and when he has once begun; he must go on and



rehabilitate Hippocentaurs and chimeras dire。 Gorgons and winged



steeds flow in apace; and numberless other inconceivable and



portentous natures。 And if he is sceptical about them; and would



fain reduce them one after another to the rules of probability; this



sort of crude philosophy will take up a great deal of time。 Now I have



no leisure for such enquiries; shall I tell you why? I must first know



myself; as the Delphian inscription says; to be curious about that



which is not my concern; while I am still in ignorance of my own self;



would be ridiculous。 And therefore I bid farewell to all this; the



common opinion is enough for me。 For; as I was saying; I want to



know not about this; but about myself: am I a monster more complicated



and swollen with passion than the serpent Typho; or a creature of a



gentler and simpler sort; to whom Nature has given a diviner and



lowlier destiny? But let me ask you; friend: have we not reached the



plane…tree to which you were conducting us?



  Phaedr。 Yes; this is the tree。



  Soc。 By Here; a fair resting…place; full of summer sounds and



scent

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