electra-第1章
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410 BC
ELECTRA
by Sophocles
translated by R。 C。 Jebb
CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY
ORESTES; son of Agamemnon and CLYTEMNESTRA
ELECTRA } sister of ORESTES
CHRYSOTHEMIS} 〃 〃 〃
AN OLD MAN; formerly the PAEDAGOGUS or Attendant Of ORESTES
CLYTEMNESTRA
AEGISTHUS
CHORUS OF WOMEN OF MYCENAE
Mute Persons
PYLADES; son of Strophius; King of Crisa; the friend Of ORESTES。
A handmaid of CLYTEMNESTRA。 Two attendants of ORESTES
ELECTRA
ELECTRA
(SCENE:… At Mycenae; before the palace of the Pelopidae。 It is morning
and the new…risen sun is bright。 The PAEDAGOGUS enters on the left
of the spectators; accompanied by the two youths; ORESTES and
PYLADES。)
PAEDAGOGUS
SON of him who led our hosts at Troy of old; son of Agamemnon!… now
thou mayest behold with thine eyes all that thy soul hath desired so
long。 There is the ancient Argos of thy yearning;… that hallowed scene
whence the gadfly drove the daughter of Inachus; and there; Orestes;
is the Lycean Agora; named from the wolf…slaying god; there; on the
left; Hera's famous temple; and in this place to which we have come;
deem that thou seest Mycenae rich in gold; with the house of the
Pelopidae there; so often stained with bloodshed; whence I carried
thee of yore; from the slaying of thy father; as thy kinswoman; thy
sister; charged me; and saved thee; and reared thee up to manhood;
to be the avenger of thy murdered sire。
Now; therefore; Orestes; and thou; best of friends; Pylades; our
plans must be laid quickly; for lo; already the sun's bright ray is
waking the songs of the birds into clearness; and the dark night of
stars is spent。 Before; then; anyone comes forth from the house;
take counsel; seeing that the time allows not of delay; but is full
ripe for deeds。
ORESTES
True friend and follower; how well dost thou prove thy loyalty
to our house! As a steed of generous race; though old; loses not
courage in danger; but pricks his ear; even so thou urgest us forward;
and art foremost in our support。 I will tell thee; then; what I have
determined; listen closely to my words; and correct me; if I miss
the mark in aught。
When I went to the Pythian oracle; to learn how I might avenge
my father on his murderers; Phoebus gave me the response which thou
art now to hear:… that alone; and by stealth; without aid of arms or
numbers; I should snatch the righteous vengeance of my hand。 Since;
then; the god spake to us on this wise; thou must go into yonder
house; when opportunity gives thee entrance; and learn all that is
passing there; so that thou mayest report to us from sure knowledge。
Thine age; and the lapse of time; will prevent them from recognising
thee; they will never suspect who thou art; with that silvered hair。
Let thy tale be that thou art a Phocian stranger; sent by Phanoteus;
for he is the greatest of their allies。 Tell them; and confirm it with
thine oath; that Orestes hath perished by a fatal chance;… hurled at
the Pythian games from his rapid chariot; be that the substance of thy
story。
We; meanwhile; will first crown my father's tomb; as the god
enjoined; with drink…offerings and the luxuriant tribute of severed
hair; then come back; bearing in our hands an urn of shapely
bronze;…now hidden in the brushwood; as I think thou knowest;… so to
gladden them with the false tidings that this my body is no more;
but has been consumed with fire and turned to ashes。 Why should the
omen trouble me; when by a feigned death I find life indeed; and win
renown? I trow; no word is ill…omened; if fraught with gain。 Often ere
now have I seen wise men die in vain report; then; when they return
home; they are held in more abiding honour: as I trust that from
this rumour I also shall emerge in radiant life; and yet shine like
a star upon my foes。
O my fatherland; and ye gods of the land; receive me with good
fortune in this journey;… and ye also; halls of my fathers; for I come
with divine mandate to cleanse you righteously; send me not
dishonoured from the land; but grant that I may rule over my
possessions; and restore my house!
Enough;… be it now thy care; old man; to go and heed thy task;
and we twain will go forth; for so occasion bids; chief ruler of every
enterprise for men。
ELECTRA (within)
Ah me; ah me!
PAEDAGOGUS
Hark; my son;… from the doors; methought; came the sound of some
handmaid moaning within。
ORESTES
Can it be the hapless Electra? Shall we stay here; and listen to
her laments?
PAEDAGOGUS
No; no: before all else; let us seek to obey the command of
Loxias; and thence make a fair beginning; by pouring libations to
thy sire; that brings victory within our grasp; and gives us the
mastery in all that we do。
(Exeunt PAEDAGOGUS on the spectators' left; ORESTES and PYLADES
the right。… Enter ELECTRA; from the house。 She is meanly clad。)
ELECTRA (chanting)
systema
O thou pure sunlight; and thou air; earth's canopy; how often have
ye heard the strains of my lament; the wild blows dealt against this
bleeding breast; when dark night fails! And my wretched couch in
yonder house of woe knows well; ere now; how I keep the watches of the
night;… how often I bewail my hapless sire; to whom deadly Ares gave
not of his gifts in a strange land; but my mother; and her mate
Aegisthus; cleft his head with murderous axe; as woodmen fell an
oak。 And for this no plaint bursts from any lip save mine; when
thou; my father; hath died a death so cruel and so piteous!
antisystema
But never will I cease from dirge and sore lament; while I look on
the trembling rays of the bright stars; or on this light of day; but
like the nightingale; slayer of her offspring; I will wail without
ceasing; and cry aloud to all; here; at the doors of my father。
O home of Hades and Persephone! O Hermes of the shades! potent
Curse; and ye; dread daughters of the gods; Erinyes;… Ye who behold
when a life is reft by violence; when a bed is dishonoured by
stealth;… come; help me; avenge the murder of my sire;… and send to me
my brother; for I have no more the strength to bear up alone against
the load of grief that weighs me down。
(As ELECTRA finishes her lament;
the CHORUS OF WOMEN OF MYCENAE enter。 The following
lines between ELECTRA and the CHORUS are chanted responsively。)
CHORUS
strophe 1
Ah; Electra; child of a wretched mother; why art thou ever
pining thus in ceaseless lament for Agamemnon; who long ago was
wickedly ensnared by thy false mother's wiles; and betrayed to death
by dastardly hand? Perish the author of that deed; if I may utter such
prayer!
ELECTRA
Ah; noble…hearted maidens; ye have come to soothe my woes。 I
know and feel it; it escapes me not; but I cannot leave this task
undone; or cease from mourning for my hapless sire。 Ah; friends
whose love responds to mine in every mood; leave me to rave thus;…
Oh leave me; I entreat you!
CHORUS
antistrophe 1
But never by laments or prayers shalt thou recall thy sire from
that lake of Hades to which all must pass。 Nay; thine is a fatal
course of grief; passing ever from due bounds into a cureless
sorrow; wherein there is no deliverance from evils。 Say; wherefore art
thou enamoured of misery?
ELECTRA
Foolish is the child who forgets a parent's piteous death。 No;
dearer to my soul is the