glaucus-or the wonders of the shore(格劳高斯)-第10章
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till they fret themselves in a chronic fever of the brain； which too often
urge them on to plunge； as it were； to cool the inward fire； into the
ever…restless seas of doubt or of superstition。 It is a sad picture。 There
are many who may read these pages whose hearts will tell them that it is
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a true one。 What is wanted in these cases is a methodic and scientific
habit of mind； and a class of objects on which to exercise that habit；
which will fever neither the speculative intellect nor the moral sense；
and those physical science will give； as nothing else can give it。
Moreover； to revert to another point which we touched just now； man
has a body as well as a mind； and with the vast majority there will be no
MENS SANA unless there be a CORPUS SANUM for it to inhabit。
And what outdoor training to give our youths is； as we have already said；
more than ever puzzling。 This difficulty is felt； perhaps； less in
Scotland than in England。 The Scotch climate compels hardiness； the
Scotch bodily strength makes it easy； and Scotland； with her mountain…
tours in summer； and her frozen lochs in winter； her labyrinth of sea…
shore； and； above all； that priceless boon which Providence has
bestowed on her； in the contiguity of her great cities to the loveliest
scenery； and the hills where every breeze is health； affords facilities for
healthy physical life unknown to the Englishman； who has no Arthur's
Seat towering above his London； no Western Islands sporting the ocean
firths beside his Manchester。 Field sports； with the invaluable training
which they give； if not
〃The reason firm；〃
yet still
〃The temperate will； Endurance； foresight； strength； and skill；〃
have become impossible for the greater number： and athletic
exercises are now； in England at least； becoming more and more
artificialized and expensive； and are confined more and more … with the
honourable exception of the football games in Battersea Park … to our
Public Schools and the two elder Universities。 All honour； meanwhile；
to the Volunteer movement； and its moral as well as its physical effects。
But it is only a comparatively few of the very sturdiest who are likely to
become effective Volunteers； and so really gain the benefits of learning
to be soldiers。 And yet the young man who has had no substitute for
such occupations will cut but a sorry figure in Australia； Canada； or
India； and if he stays at home； will spend many a pound in doctors' bills；
which could have been better employed elsewhere。 〃Taking a walk〃 …
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as one would take a pill or a draught … seems likely soon to become the
only form of outdoor existence possible for too many inhabitants of the
British Isles。 But a walk without an object； unless in the most lovely
and novel of scenery； is a poor exercise； and as a recreation； utterly nil。
I never knew two young lads go out for a 〃constitutional；〃 who did not；
if they were commonplace youths； gossip the whole way about things
better left unspoken； or； if they were clever ones； fall on arguing and
brainsbeating on politics or metaphysics from the moment they left the
door； and return with their wits even more heated and tired than they
were when they set out。 I cannot help fancying that Milton made a
mistake in a certain celebrated passage； and that it was not 〃sitting on a
hill apart；〃 but tramping four miles out and four miles in along a
turnpike…road； that his hapless spirits discoursed
〃Of fate； free…will； foreknowledge absolute； And found no end； in
wandering mazes lost。〃
Seriously； if we wish rural walks to do our children any good； we
must give them a love for rural sights； an object in every walk； we must
teach them … and we can teach them … to find wonder in every insect；
sublimity in every hedgerow； the records of past worlds in every pebble；
and boundless fertility upon the barren shore； and so； by teaching them
to make full use of that limited sphere in which they now are； make them
faithful in a few things； that they may be fit hereafter to be rulers over
much。
I may seem to exaggerate the advantages of such studies； but the
question after all is one of experience： and I have had experience
enough and to spare that what I say is true。 I have seen the young man
of fierce passions； and uncontrollable daring； expend healthily that
energy which threatened daily to plunge him into recklessness； if not
into sin； upon hunting out and collecting； through rock and bog； snow
and tempest； every bird and egg of the neighbouring forest。 I have seen
the cultivated man； craving for travel and for success in life； pent up in
the drudgery of London work； and yet keeping his spirit calm； and
perhaps his morals all the more righteous； by spending over his
microscope evenings which would too probably have gradually been
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wasted at the theatre。 I have seen the young London beauty； amid all
the excitement and temptation of luxury and flattery； with her heart pure
and her mind occupied in a boudoir full of shells and fossils； flowers and
sea…weeds； keeping herself unspotted from the world； by considering the
lilies of the field； how they grow。 And therefore it is that I hail with
thankfulness every fresh book of Natural History； as a fresh boon to the
young； a fresh help to those who have to educate them。
The greatest difficulty in the way of beginners is （as in most things）
how 〃to learn the art of learning。〃 They go out； search； find less than
they expected； and give the subject up in disappointment。 It is good to
begin； therefore； if possible； by playing the part of 〃jackal〃 to some
practised naturalist； who will show the tyro where to look； what to look
for； and； moreover； what it is that he has found； often no easy matter to
discover。 Forty years ago； during an autumn's work of dead…leaf…
searching in the Devon woods for poor old Dr。 Turton； while he was
writing his book on British land…shells； the present writer learnt more of
