the moravians in georgia-第35章
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the resolute man； and found their own salvation therein； while on the other hand the will which would never bend clashed hopelessly with those who wished sometimes to take their turn in leading。 So he became an outcast from the Church of England； alienated from Ingham； Whitefield； and other friends of his youth； estranged from the Moravians； even while he was one of the greatest religious leaders England has ever produced。
At the time of Toeltschig's sojourn in London； however； he was in the early； troubled stage of his experience； rejoicing in what he had attained through Boehler's influence； but beset with doubts and fears。 And so； as he records in his Journal； he determined 〃to retire for a short time into Germany； where he hoped the conversing with those holy men who were themselves living witnesses of the full power of faith； and yet able to bear with those that are weak； would be a means； under God； of so establishing his soul； that he might go on from faith to faith； and from strength to strength。〃
Ingham； meanwhile； informed of Toeltschig's arrival in London； had hastened 〃over one hundred and forty miles〃 to see his friend； a fact that seems to have touched Toeltschig deeply； and arranged to go with him to Herrnhut； as they had often planned while still in Georgia。 John Wesley joined them； and the three young men sailed on June 24th； landing at Rotterdam two days later。 Wesley's Journal does not mention Toeltschig by name； but on leaving Rotterdam he says； 〃we were eight in all； five English and three Germans；〃 and there is no doubt that Toeltschig went with them to Marienborn to report to Count Zinzendorf； who was living there during his temporary exile from Herrnhut。
In Rotterdam； Dr。 Koker showed the party much kindness； while at Baron von Watteville's in Ysselstein； they were received 〃as at home〃。 At Amsterdam； they joined in the meeting of the 〃societies〃 established under Moravian influences； and from there proceeded to Cologne； and up the Rhine to Frankfort。 Having neglected to supply themselves with passports； they experienced much difficulty whenever they reached a walled city； sometimes being refused admittance altogether； and at other times being allowed to enter only after much delay； which caused Wesley to 〃greatly wonder that common sense and common humanity do not put an end to this senseless； inhuman usage of strangers。〃 When any of their number had an acquaintance in the city to which they had come they sent in a note to him； and he would arrange for their entrance； and at Frankfort they applied to Peter Boehler's father； who entertained them 〃in the most friendly manner。〃
On Tuesday； July 15th； they reached Marienborn； where Wesley remained for fifteen days； and Ingham for about seven weeks。
From Marienborn； Wesley went to Herrnhut； stopping at Erfurt； Weimar； Jena； Halle； Leipsig and Dresden on the way。 He remained at Herrnhut twelve days； and then returned by the same route to Marienborn； and to England。
This trip to Germany has been given as the beginning of the breach between Wesley and the Moravians； but it is doubtful whether such was really the case。 In the 〃Memoirs of James Hutton〃 it is stated that Wesley was offended because Ingham was admitted to the Communion at Marienborn； while permission was refused him； and that he secretly brooded over the injury； but Wesley himself does not mention the occurrence； and refers to Marienborn as a place where he met what he 〃sought for； viz。： living proofs of the power of faith；〃 and where he stayed twelve days longer than he at first intended。 The tone of his account of Herrnhut is also distinctly friendly； though he did not unreservedly accept two or three theological statements made to him； but the long conversations he records prove his joy at finding sympathy； and confirmation of what he wanted to believe concerning justification by faith； and the fact that a weak faith was still a real faith； and as such should be cherished and strengthened； not despised。 He could not have been greatly influenced against the Moravians by his visit to Halle； for each time he stayed but one night； and on the first occasion Professor Francke was not at home； nor were their arguments new to him； that they should have impressed him deeply。
It frequently happens that when a controversy has arisen between friends； both parties look backward and read into former words and deeds a meaning they did not have at the time they transpired； and most probably this is what has happened in regard to the trip to Germany and its effect on Wesley。
Immediately on his return to England； Wesley began an active religious campaign； drawing such crowds of all kinds of people that the various churches in turn closed their doors upon him； and eight months later he followed Whitefield into open air preaching； after consultation with the Fetter Lane Society。 This Society had been organized at the time of Boehler's visit to London； and was composed of members of the earlier Methodist societies； Germans residing in London； and English who had been interested in salvation by Zinzendorf and the Moravian companies bound for Georgia。 It had met in the home of James Hutton until it outgrew the rooms； and was then transferred to the Chapel at 32 Fetter Lane。 It was an independent Society； with no organic connection with the Moravian Church； and the religious work was carried on under the leadership of John Wesley； and； in his frequent absences； by James Hutton and others who leaned strongly toward the Moravians； some of whose customs had been adopted by the Society。 The Hutton 〃Memoirs〃 state that Wesley made an effort to break off intercourse between the Society and the Moravians soon after his return from Germany； but failed； and matters continued to move smoothly until about the time that Wesley began his field preaching。 During the subsequent months disputes arose among the members； largely on account of views introduced by Philip Henry Molther； who at that time had a tendency toward 〃Quietism〃。 Molther was detained for some time in England； waiting for a ship to take him to Pennsylvania； he having received a call to labor in the Moravian Churches there； and being a fluent speaker he learned English rapidly and made a deep impression on many hearers。
Wesley was much hurt by the dissensions in his Society； and entirely opposed to Molther's views； and after several efforts to bring all the members back to his own position； he； on Sunday； July 31st； 1740； solemnly and definitely condemned the 〃errors〃 and withdrew from the Fetter Lane Society； adding 〃You that are of the same judgment； follow me。〃 About twenty…five of the men and 〃seven or eight and forty likewise of the fifty women that were in the band〃 accepted his invitation； and with them he organized the 〃Foundry Society〃。 Into the Foundry Society and the many others organized among his converts； Wesley introduced lovefeasts and 〃bands〃 （or 〃classes〃；） both familiar to him from the Fetter Lane Society； which had copied them from the Moravians。 When his societies grew so numerous that he could not personally serve them all he selected lay assistants； and then 〃became convinced that presbyter and bishop are of the same order； and that he had as good a right to ordain as to administer the Sacraments。〃 He； therefore； ordained bishops for America； and Scotland； and registered his chapels in order to protect them； according to the Act of Toleration。 This gave the Methodist body a separate legal status； but Wesley always claimed that he was still a member of the Church of England； and would not allow the preachers of his English societies to administer the Sacraments； a right which was finally granted them by the Methodist Conference after his death。
When Benjamin Ingham returned from Georgia he commenced to preach the Gospel in Yorkshire； his native place； and at the time of his journey to Germany a promising work was begun there。 From Herrnhut he wrote to Count Zinzendorf asking that Toeltschig be permitted to visit him in England； and the request was granted a few months later。 Meanwhile Ingham's work prospered mightily； so that in June； 1739； he was forbidden the use of the churches； and forced to imitate Wes
