the moravians in georgia-第17章

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　6：　3　Advanced　in　London　for　necessaries。　　　　　　　　　　　　33：　12：　6　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　…　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Pounds　226：　13：　9

This　was　to　be　repaid　in　five　years；　drawing　eight　per　cent。　interest　after　three　years；　further　security　to　be　given　within　twelve　months　if　requested　by　the　Trustees　or　their　Agent；　and　any　provisions　not　used　to　be　credited　on　their　account。

In　the　matter　of　forming　new　acquaintances　in　London；　the　second　company　was　far　less　active　than　the　first　had　been；　Spangenberg's　standing　and　education　having　given　him　access　to　many　people；　attracting　their　attention　to　his　companions。　　The　second　company　profited　by　the　friends　he　had　made；　Mr。　Wynantz　especially　devoting　himself　to　their　service；　and　while　Nitschmann　and　his　associates　did　not　reach　many　new　people；　they　inspired　the　respect　and　confidence　of　those　whom　Spangenberg　had　introduced　to　the　Moravian　Church；　and　so　strengthened　its　cause。　　A　carpenter　from　Wittenberg；　Vollmar　by　name；　who　was　attracted　to　them；　requested　permission　to　go　to　Georgia　with　them；　although　not　at　their　expense；　and　to　this　they　agreed。　A　number　of　Salzburgers　who　were　to　go　to　Georgia　with　General　Oglethorpe；　though　not　on　the　same　ship；　were　under　the　leadership　of　the　young　Baron　von　Reck　with　whom　Zinzendorf　had　corresponded　during　the　early　stages　of　the　Moravian　negotiations；　and　the　Baron　called　on　the　second　company　several　times；　offered　to　assist　them　in　any　way　in　his　power；　and　expressed　the　wish　that　the　Moravians　and　Salzburgers　could　live　together　in　Georgia。　Nitschmann　doubted　the　wisdom　of　the　plan；　but　courteously　agreed　to　refer　it　to　Zinzendorf；　who；　however；　refused　his　sanction。

On　the　12th　of　October；　the　Moravians　went　aboard　Gen。　Oglethorpe's　ship；　the　‘Simmonds'；　Capt。　Cornish；　where　they　were　told　to　select　the　cabins　they　preferred；　being　given　preference　over　the　English　colonists　who　were　going。　　The　cabins　contained　bare　bunks；　which　could　be　closed　when　not　in　use；　arranged　in　groups　of　five；　　three　below　and　two　above；　　the　five　persons　occupying　them　also　eating　together。　The　Moravians　chose　their　places　in　the　center　of　the　ship；　on　either　side　of　the　main　mast；　where　the　ventilation　was　best；　and　there　would　be　most　fresh　air　when　they　reached　warmer　latitudes。　〃The　number　of　people　on　the　ship　is　rather　large；　for　we　are　altogether　one　hundred　and　fifty　who　are　going　to　Georgia；　but　besides　ourselves　they　are　all　Englishmen。〃　　〃Many　of　them　are　like　wild　animals；　but　we　have　resolved　in　all　things　to　act　as　the　children　of　God；　giving　offence　to　no　one；　that　our　purpose　be　not　misconstrued。〃

After　seeing　his　companions　comfortably　settled　on　the　vessel；　Nitschmann　returned　to　his　numerous　tasks　in　London。　　On　the　24th；　he　came　back　to　the　ship；　accompanied　by　Korte；　who　bade　them　an　affectionate　farewell。　　By　the　27th　all　of　the　passengers；　including　Gen。　Oglethorpe；　were　on　board；　but　it　was　not　until　the　afternoon　of　October　31st；　that　the　‘Simmonds'　sailed　from　Gravesend。


　　Four　Journals。

On　the　‘Simmonds'；　as　she　sailed　slowly　down　the　Thames　on　her　way　to　Georgia；　there　were　four　Englishmen；　with　whom　the　Moravians　were　to　become　well　acquainted；　who　were　to　influence　and　be　influenced　by　them；　and　through　whom　a　great　change　was　to　come　into　the　religious　history　of　England。　These　were　John　and　Charles　Wesley；　Benjamin　Ingham　and　Charles　Delamotte。　The　Wesleys　were　sons　of　Samuel　Wesley；　a　clergyman　of　the　Church　of　England；　and　while　at　the　University　of　Oxford　they；　with　two　companions；　had　formed　a　little　society　for　religious　improvement；　and　by　their　strict　and　methodical　habits　gained　the　name　of　〃Methodists〃；　both　brothers　had　taken　orders　in　the　English　Church；　and　were　on　their　way　to　Georgia；　John　to　serve　as　rector　at　Savannah；　and　Charles　as　Gen。　Oglethorpe's　private　secretary。　Benjamin　Ingham　was　born　in　Yorkshire；　and　met　the　Wesleys　at　Oxford；　where　he　joined　their　Methodist　society。　　He；　too；　had　been　ordained　in　the　English　Church；　and　now；　at　the　age　of　twenty…three；　had　yielded　to　John　Wesley's　persuasions；　and　agreed　to　go　with　him　〃to　the　Indians〃。　Charles　Delamotte；　the　son　of　a　London　merchant；　met　the　Wesleys　at　the　home　of　James　Hutton；　shortly　before　they　sailed　for　Georgia；　and　was　so　much　impressed　by　them；　and　by　their　object　in　seeking　the　New　World；　that　he　decided　〃to　leave　the　world；　and　give　himself　up　entirely　to　God；〃　and　go　with　them。

For　the　greater　part　of　his　life　John　Wesley　kept　a　Journal；　extracts　from　which　were　given　to　the　public　from　time　to　time；　and　Benjamin　Ingham's　account　of　the　voyage　to　Georgia　was　also　printed；　so　that　the　story　of　those　weeks　is　quite　well　known。　　Nevertheless；　something　of　interest　may　be　gained　by　comparing　these　two　Journals　with　the　Diaries　kept　by　David　Nitschmann；　Bishop　of　the　Moravians；　and　John　Andrew　Dober；　one　of　the　second　company。

To　avoid　confusion　it　should　be　noted　that　the　difference　of　eleven　days　in　the　dates　is　only　apparent；　not　real；　for　the　Englishmen　used　the　old　style　calendar；　the　Germans　employed　the　modern　one。　In　46　B。　C。　the　Roman　Calendar　had　gained　two　months　on　the　actual　seasons；　and　a　more　accurate　calculation　resulted　in　the　adoption　of　the　so…called　〃Julian　Calendar〃　（prepared　at　the　request　of　Julius　Caesar）；　the　two　missing　months　being　inserted　between　November　and　December　in　that　〃year　of　confusion〃。　　By　1582；　however；　the　Julian　Calendar　had　fallen　ten　days　behind　the　seasons；　so　another　calculation　was　made；　and　Pope　Gregory　XIII　abolished　the　Julian　Calendar　in　all　Catholic　countries；　dropped　the　dates　of　ten　days　from　that　year；　and　established　the　〃reformed〃；　or　〃Gregorian　Calendar〃。　　This　was　adopted　in　Catholic　Germany；　in　1583；　in　Protestant　Germany　and　Holland；　in　1700；　but　in　England　not　until　1752；　by　which　time　the　difference　had　increased　to　eleven　days。　Following　the　ancient　Jewish　custom　the　Year；　for　many　centuries；　began　with　the　25th　of　March；　but　public　sentiment　came　to　favor　the　1st　of　January　as　the　more　appropriate　date；　and　it　was　gradually　adopted。　In　England；　however；　the　legal　year　continued　to　begin　with　March　25th；　until　1752；　although　many　people　were　either　using　the　newer　fashion；　or　indicating　both；　and　a　date　might　be　correctly　written　in　four　ways；　e。g。　January　10th；　1734；　old　style；　legal；　January　10th；　1734…5；　or　January　10th；　1735；　old　style；　popular；　and　January　21st；　1735；　new　style；　the　last　agreeing　with　the　calendar　now　in　general　use。

Bishop　Nitschmann　gives　the　outline　of　their　religious　services　on　almost　every　day；　and　in　the　translation　which　follows　these　are　generally　omitted；　in　the　same　way　some　paragraphs　are　left　out　of　the　Wesley　Journal。　　Extracts　from　Dober's　and　Ingham's　Journals　are　inserted　when　they　give　facts　not　otherwise　noted。

　24　Oct。　1735。

Nitschmann's　Diary。　　Oct。　24th；　1735。

I　went　to　the　ship；　（the　‘Simmonds'；　Captain　Cornish）。　My　heart　rejoiced　to　be　once　more　with　the　Brethren。　In　the　evening　we　held　our　song　service。

（We　have　all　given　ourselves　to　the　Lord；　and　pray　that　the　Saviour　may　comfort　our　hearts　with　joy；　and　that　we　may　attain　our　object；　namely；　to　call　the　heathen；　to　become　acquainted　with　those　whom　we　have　not　known　and　who　know　us　not；　and　to　worship　the　name　of　the　Lord。　　　Letter　of　Oct。　28。）

　25　Oct。　1735。

John　Wesley's　Journal。　　Oct。　14th；　1735；　（O。　S。）　Tuesday。

Mr。　Benjamin　Ingham；　of　Queen's　College；　Oxford；　Mr。　Charles　Delamotte；　son　of　a　merchant　in　London；　who　had　offered　himself　some　days　before；　my　brother　Charles　Wesley；　and　myself；　took　boat　for　Gravesend；　in　order　to　embark　for　Georgia。　　Our　end　in　leaving　our　native　country　was　not　to　avoid　want；　（God　having　given　us　plenty　of　temporal　blessings；）　nor　to　gain　the　dung　or　dross　of　riches　or　honor；　but　singly　this；　　to　save　our　souls；　to　live　wholly　to　the　glory　of　God。　In　the　afternoon　we　found　the　‘Simmonds'　off　Gravesend；　and　immediately　went　on　board。

（We　had　two　cabins　allotted　us　in　the　forecastle；　I　and　Mr。　Delamotte　having　the　first；　and　Messrs。　Wesley　the　other。　　Theirs　was　made　pretty　large；　so　that　we　could　all　meet　together　to　read　or　pray　in　it。　This　part　of　the　ship　wa