beacon lights of history-iii-2-第40章
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aggressions; until he attacks those venerable institutions which he
once respected;all the dexterous inventions of Mediaeval
despotism; all the machinery by which Europe had been governed for
one thousand years; yea; the very throne of the Pope himself; whom
he defies; whom he insults; and against whom he urges Christendom
to rebel。 As a combatant; a warrior; a reformer; his person and
character somewhat change。 He is coarser; he is more sensual…
looking; he drinks more beer; he tells more stories; he uses harder
names; he becomes arrogant; dogmatic; he dictates and commands; he
quarrels with his friends; he is imperious; he fears nobody; and is
scornful of old usages; he marries a nun; he feels that he is a
great leader and general; and wields new powers; he is an executive
and administrative man; for which his courage and insight and will
and Herculean physical strength wonderfully fit him;the man for
the times; the man to head a new movement; the forces of an age of
protest and rebellion and conquest。
How can I compress into a few sentences the demolitions and
destructions which this indignant and irritated reformer now makes
in Germany; where he is protected by the Elector from Papal
vengeance? Before the reconstruction; the old rubbish must be
cleared away; and Augean stables must be cleansed。 He is now at
issue with the whole Catholic regime; and the whole Catholic world
abuse him。 They call him a glutton; a wine…bibber; an adulterer; a
scoffer; an atheist; an imp of Satan; and he calls the Pope the
scarlet mother of abominations; Antichrist; Babylon。 That age is
prodigal in offensive epithets; kings and prelates and doctors
alike use hard words。 They are like angry children and women and
pugilists; their vocabulary of abuse is amusing and inexhaustible。
See how prodigal Shakspeare and Ben Jonson are in the language of
vituperation。 But they were all defiant and fierce; for the age
was rough and earnest。 The Pope; in wrath; hurls the old weapons
of the Gregorys and the Clements。 But they are impotent as the
darts of Priam; Luther laughs at them; and burns the Papal bull
before a huge concourse of excited students and shopkeepers and
enthusiastic women。 He severs himself completely from Rome; and
declares an unextinguishable warfare。 He destroys and breaks up
the ceremonies of the Mass; he pulls down the consecrated altars;
with their candles and smoking incense and vessels of silver and
gold; since they are the emblems of Jewish and Pagan worship; he
tears off the vestments of priests; with their embroideries and
their gildings and their millineries and their laces; since these
are made to impose on the imagination and appeal to the sense; he
breaks up monasteries and convents; since they are dens of infamy;
cages of unclean birds; nurseries of idleness and pleasure; abodes
at the best of narrow…minded; ascetic Asiatic recluses; who rejoice
in penance and self…expiation and other modes of propitiating the
Deity; like soofists and fakirs and Braminical devotees。 In
defiance of the most sacred of the institutions of the Middle Ages;
he openly marries Catherine Bora and sets up a hilarious household;
and yet a household of prayer and singing。 He abolishes the old
Gregorian service; and for Mediaeval chants; monotonous and gloomy;
he prepares hymns and songs;not for boys and priests to intone in
the distant choir; but for the whole congregation to sing; inspired
by the melodies of David and the exulting praises of a Saviour who
redeems from darkness into light。 How grand that hymn of his;
〃A mighty fortress is our God;
A bulwark never failing。〃
He makes worship more heartfelt; and revives apostolic usages:
preaching and exhortation and instruction from the pulpit;a
forgotten power。 He appeals to reason rather than sense; denounces
superstitions; while he rebukes sins; and kindles a profound
fervor; based on the recognition of new truths。 He is not fully
emancipated from the traditions of the past; for he retains the
doctrine of transubstantiation; and keeps up the holidays of the
Church; and allows recreation on the Sabbath。 But what he thinks
the most of is the circulation of the Scriptures among plain
people。 So he translates them into German。 And this; not the
first but the best translation; is done so well that it becomes the
standard of the German language; as the Bible of Tindale helped to
form the English tongue; and not only so; but it has remained the
common version in use throughout Germany; even as the authorized
King James version; made nearly a century later by the labor of
many scholars and divines; has remained the standard English Bible。
Moreover; he finds time to make liturgies and creeds and hymns; and
to write letters to all parts of Christendom;a Jerome; a
Chrysostom; and an Augustine united; a kind of Protestant pope; to
whom everybody looks for advice and consolation。 What a wonderful
man! No wonder the Germans are so fond of him and so proud of
him;a Briareus with a hundred arms; a marvel; a wonder; a prodigy
of nature; the most gifted; versatile; hard…working man of his
century or nation!
At last; this great theologian; this daring innovator; is summoned
by imperial; not papal; authority before the Diet of the empire at
Worms; where the Emperor; the great Charles V。; presides; amid
bishops; princes; cardinals; legates; generals; and dignitaries。
Thither Luther must go;yet under imperial safe conduct;and
consummate his protests; and perhaps offer up his life。 Painters;
poets; historians; have made that scene familiar;the most
memorable in the life of Luther; as well as one of the grandest
spectacles of the age。 I need not dwell on that exciting scene;
where; in the presence of all that was illustrious and powerful in
Germany; this defenceless doctor dares to say to supremest temporal
and spiritual authority; 〃Unless you confute me by arguments drawn
from Scripture; I cannot and will not recant anything 。 。 。 Here I
stand; I cannot otherwise: God help me! Amen。〃 How superior to
Galileo and other scientific martyrs! He is not afraid of those
who can kill only the body; he is afraid only of Him who hath power
to cast both soul and body into hell。 So he stands as firm as the
eternal pillars of justice; and his cause is gained。 What if he
did not live long enough to accomplish all he designed! What if he
made mistakes; and showed in his career many of the infirmities of
human nature! What if he cared very little for pictures and
statues;the revived arts of Greece and Rome; the Pagan
Renaissance in which he only sees infidelity; levities; and
luxuries; and other abominations which excited his disgust and
abhorrence when he visited Italy! HE seeks; not to amuse and adorn
the Papal empire; but to reform it; as Paul before him sought to
plant new sentiments and ideas in the Roman world; indifferent to
the arts of Greece; and even the beauties of nature; in his
absorbing desire to convert men to Christ。 And who; since Paul;
has rendered greater service to humanity than Luther? The whole
race should be proud that such a man has lived。
We will not follow the great reformer to the decline of his years;
we will not dwell on his subsequent struggles and dangers; his
marvellous preservation; his personal habits; his friendships and
his hatreds; his joys and sorrows; his bitter alienations; his
vexatious; his disappointments; his gloomy anticipations of
approaching strife; his sickened yet exultant soul; his last days
of honor and of victory; his final illness; and his triumphant
death in the town where he was born。 It is his legacy that we are
concerned in; the inheritance he left to succeeding generations;
the perpetuated ideas of the Reformation; which he worked out in
anguish and in study; and which we will not let die; but will
cherish in our memories and our hearts; as among the most