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demoralized。



On America itself the demoralization was even more marked。  There

never was such a state of moral degradation in any Christian

country as in South America。  Three centuries have passed; and the

low state of morals continues。  Contrast Mexico and Peru with the

United States; morally and intellectually。  What seeds of vice did

not the Spaniards plant!  How the old natives melted away!



And then; to add to the moral evils attending colonization; was the

introduction of African slaves; especially in the West Indies and

the Southern States of North America。  Christendom seems to have

lost the sense of morality。  Slavery more than counterbalances all

other advantages together。  It was the stain of the seventeenth and

eighteenth centuries。  Not merely slaves; but the slave…trade;

increase the horrors of the frightful picture。  America became

associated; in the minds of Europeans; with gold…hunting; slavery;

and cruelty to Indians。  Better that the country had remained

undiscovered than that such vices and miseries should be introduced

into the most fertile parts of the New World。



I cannot see that civilization gained anything; morally; by the

discovery of America; until the new settlers were animated by other

motives than a desire for sudden wealth。  When the country became

colonized by men who sought liberty to worship God;men of lofty

purposes; willing to undergo sufferings and danger in order to

plant the seeds of a higher civilization;then there arose new

forms of social and political life。  Such men were those who

colonized New England。  And; say what you will; in spite of all the

disagreeable sides of the Puritan character; it was the Puritans

who gave a new impulse to civilization in the New World。  They

founded schools and colleges and churches。  They introduced a new

form of political life by their town…meetings; in which liberty was

nurtured; and all local improvements were regulated。  It was the

autonomy of towns on which the political structure of new England

rested。  In them was born that true representative government which

has gradually spread towards the West。  The colonies were embryo

States;States afterwards to be bound together by a stronger tie

than that of a league。  The New England States; after the war of

independence; were the defenders and advocates of a federal and

central power。  An entirely new political organization was

gradually formed; resting equally on such pillars as independent

townships and independent States; and these represented by

delegates in a national centre。



So we believe America was discovered; not so much to furnish a

field for indefinite material expansion; with European arts and

fashions;which would simply assimilate America to the Old World;

with all its dangers and vices and follies;but to introduce new

forms of government; new social institutions; new customs and

manners; new experiments in liberty; new religious organizations;

new modes to ameliorate the necessary evils of life。  It was

discovered that men might labor and enjoy the fruits of industry in

a new mode; unfettered by the restraints which the institutions of

Europe imposed。  America is a new field in which to try experiments

in government and social life; which cannot be tried in the older

nations without sweeping and dangerous revolutions; and new

institutions have arisen which are our pride and boast; and which

are the wonder and admiration of Europe。  America is the only

country under the sun in which there is self…government;a

government which purely represents the wishes of the people; where

universal suffrage is not a mockery。  And if America has a destiny

to fulfil for other nations; she must give them something more

valuable than reaping machines; palace cars; and horse railroads。

She must give; not only machinery to abridge labor; but

institutions and ideas to expand the mind and elevate the soul;

something by which the poor can rise and assert their rights。

Unless something is developed here which cannot be developed in

other countries; in the way of new spiritual and intellectual

forces; which have a conservative influence; then I cannot see how

America can long continue to be the home and refuge of the poor and

miserable of other lands。  A new and better spirit must vivify

schools and colleges and philanthropic enterprises than that which

has prevailed in older nations。  Unless something new is born here

which has a peculiar power to save; wherein will America ultimately

differ from other parts of Christendom?  We must have schools in

which the heart as well as the brain is educated; and newspapers

which aspire to something higher than to fan prejudices and appeal

to perverted tastes。  Our hope is not in books which teach

infidelity under the name of science; nor in pulpits which cannot

be sustained without sensational oratory; nor in journals which

trade on the religious sentiments of the people; nor in Sabbath…

school books which are an insult to the human understanding; nor in

colleges which fit youth merely for making money; nor in schools of

technology to give an impulse to material interests; nor in

legislatures controlled by monopolists; nor in judges elected by

demagogues; nor in philanthropic societies to ventilate unpractical

theories。  These will neither renovate nor conserve what is most

precious in life。  Unless a nation grows morally as well as

materially; there is something wrong at the core of society。  As I

have said; no material expansion will avail; if society becomes

rotten at the core。  America is a glorious boon to civilization;

but only as she fulfils a new mission in history;not to become

more potent in material forces; but in those spiritual agencies

which prevent corruption and decay。  An infidel professor; calling

himself a savant; may tell you that there is nothing certain or

great but in the direction of science to utilities; even as he may

glory in a philosophy which ignores a creator and takes cognizance

only of a creation。



As I survey the growing and enormous moral evils which degrade

society; here as everywhere; in spite of Bunker Hills and Plymouth

Rocks; and all the windy declamations of politicians and

philanthropists; and all the advance in useful mechanisms; I am

sometimes tempted to propound inquiries which suggest the old;

mournful story of the decline and ruin of States and Empires。  I

ask myself; Why should America be an exception to the uniform fate

of nations; as history has demonstrated?  Why should not good

institutions be perverted here; as in all other countries and ages

of the world?  Where has civilization shown any striking triumphs;

except in inventions to abridge the labors of mankind and make men

comfortable and rich?  Is there nothing before us; then; but the

triumphs of material life; to end as mournfully as the materialism

of antiquity?  If so; then Christianity is a most dismal failure;

is a defeated power; like all other forms of religion which failed

to save。  But is it a failure?  Are we really swinging back to

Paganism?  Is the time to be hailed when all religions will be

considered by the philosopher as equally false and equally useful?

Is there nothing more cheerful for us to contemplate than what the

old Pagan philosophy holds out;man destined to live like brutes

or butterflies; and pass away into the infinity of time and space;

like inert matter; decomposed; absorbed; and entering into new and

everlasting combinations?  Is America to become like Europe and

Asia in all essential elements of life?  Has she no other mission

than to add to perishable glories?  Is she to teach the world

nothing new in education and philanthropy and government?  Are all

her struggles in behalf of liberty in vain?



We all know that Christianity is the only hope of the world。  The

question is; whether America is or is not more favorable for its

healthy developments and applica

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