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第15章

beacon lights of history-iii-2-第15章

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be reached by sailing west。  And he believed the thing to be

practicable; for the magnetic needle had been discovered; or

brought from the East by Polo; which always pointed to the North

Star; so that mariners could sail in the darkest nights; and also

another instrument had been made; essentially the modern quadrant;

by which latitude could be measured。  He supposed that after

sailing west; about eight hundred leagues; by the aid of compass

and quadrant; and such charts as he had collected and collated; he

should find the land of gold and spices by which he would become

rich and famous。



This was not an absurd speculation to a man of the intellect and

knowledge of Columbus。  To his mind there were but few physical

difficulties if he only had the ships; and the men bold enough to

embark with him; and the patronage which was necessary for so novel

and daring an enterprise。  The difficulties to be surmounted were

not so much physical as moral。  It was the surmounting of moral

difficulties which gives to Columbus his true greatness as a man of

genius and resources。  These moral obstacles were so vast as to be

all but insurmountable; since he had to contend with all the

established ideas of his age;the superstitions of sailors; the

prejudices of learned men; and general geographical ignorance。  He

himself had neither money; nor ships; nor powerful friends。  Nobody

believed in him; all ridiculed him; some insulted him。  Who would

furnish money to a man who was supposed to be half crazy;

certainly visionary and wild; a rash adventurer who would not only

absorb money but imperil life?  Learned men would not listen to

him; and powerful people derided him; and princes were too absorbed

in wars and pleasure to give him a helping hand。  Aid could come

only from some great state or wealthy prince; but both states and

princes were deaf and dumb to him。  It was a most extraordinary

inspiration of genius in the fifteenth century which created; not

an opinion; but a conviction that Asia could be reached by sailing

west; and how were common minds to comprehend such a novel idea?

If a century later; with all the blaze of reviving art and science

and learning; the most learned people ridiculed the idea that the

earth revolved around the sun; even when it was proved by all the

certitudes of mathematical demonstration and unerring observations;

how could the prejudiced and narrow…minded priests of the time of

Columbus; who controlled the most important affairs of state; be

made to comprehend that an unknown ocean; full of terrors; could be

crossed by frail ships; and that even a successful voyage would

open marts of inexhaustible wealth?  All was clear enough to this

scientific and enterprising mariner; and the inward assurance that

he was right in his calculation gave to his character a blended

boldness; arrogance; and dignity which was offensive to men of

exalted station; and ill became a stranger and adventurer with a

thread…bare coat; and everything which indicated poverty; neglect;

and hardship; and without any visible means of living but by the

making and selling of charts。



Hence we cannot wonder at the seventeen years of poverty; neglect;

ridicule; disappointment; and deferred hopes; such as make the

heart sick; which elapsed after Columbus was persuaded of the truth

of his theory; before he could find anybody enlightened enough to

believe in him; or powerful enough to assist him。



Wrapped up in those glorious visions which come only to a man of

superlative genius; and which make him insensible to heat and cold

and scanty fare; even to reproach and scorn; this intrepid soul;

inspired by a great and original idea; wandered from city to city;

and country to country; and court to court; to present the certain

greatness and wealth of any state that would embark in his

enterprise。  But all were alike cynical; cold; unbelieving; and

even insulting。  He opposes overwhelming; universal; and

overpowering ideas。  To have surmounted these amid such protracted

opposition and discouragement constitutes his greatness; and

finally to prove his position by absolute experiment and hazardous

enterprise makes him one of the greatest of human benefactors;

whose fame will last through all the generations of men。  And as I

survey that lonely; abstracted; disappointed; and derided man;

poor and unimportant; so harassed by debt that his creditors seized

even his maps and charts; obliged to fly from one country to

another to escape imprisonment; without even listeners and still

less friends; and yet with ever…increasing faith in his cause;

utterly unconquerable; alone in opposition to all the world;I

think I see the most persistent man of enterprise that I have read

of in history。  Critics ambitious to say something new may rake out

slanders from the archives of enemies; and discover faults which

derogate from the character we have been taught to admire and

venerate; they may even point out spots; which we cannot disprove;

in that sun of glorious brightness; which shed its beneficent rays

over a century of darkness;but this we know; that; whatever may

be the force of detraction; his fame has been steadily increasing;

even on the admission of his slanderers; for three centuries; and

that he now shines as a fixed star in the constellation of the

great lights of modern times; not alone because he succeeded in

crossing the ocean; when once embarked on it; but for surmounting

the moral difficulties which lay in his way before he could embark

upon it; and for being finally instrumental in conferring the

greatest boon that our world has received from any mortal man;

since Noah entered into the ark。



I think it is Lamartine who has said that truly immortal

benefactors have seldom been able to accomplish their mission

without the encouragement of either saints or women。  This is

emphatically true in the case of Columbus。  The door to success was

at last opened to him by a friendly and sympathetic friar of a

Franciscan convent near the little port of Palos; in Andalusia。

The sun…burned and disappointed adventurer (for that is what he

was); wearied and hungry; and nearly discouraged; stopped at the

convent…door to get a morsel of bread for his famished son; who

attended him in his pilgrimage。  The prior of that obscure convent

was the first who comprehended the man of genius; not so much

because he was an enlightened scholar; but because his pious soul

was full of kindly sympathy; showing that the instincts of love are

kindred to the inspirations of genius。  It was the voice of Ali and

Cadijeh that strengthened Mohammed。  It was Catherine von Bora who

sustained Luther in his gigantic task。  The worthy friar; struck by

the noble bearing of a man so poor and wearied; became delighted

with the conversation of his guest; who opened to him both his

heart and his schemes。  He forwarded his plans by a letter to a

powerful ecclesiastic; who introduced him to the Spanish Court;

then one of the most powerful; and certainly the proudest and most

punctilious; in Europe。  Ferdinand of Aragon was polite; yet wary

and incredulous; but Isabella of Castile listened more kindly to

the stranger; whom the greatness of his mission inspired with

eloquence。  Like the saint of the convent; she and she alone of her

splendid court; divined that there was something to be heeded in

the words of Columbus; and gave her womanly and royal

encouragement; although too much engrossed with the conquest of

Grenada and the cares of her kingdom to pay that immediate

attention which Columbus entreated。



I may not dwell on the vexatious delays and the protracted

discouragements of Columbus after the Queen had given her ear to

his enthusiastic prophecies of the future glories of the kingdom。

To the court and to the universities and to the great ecclesiastics

he was still a visionary and a needy adventurer; and they quoted;

in refutation of hi

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