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memoir of fleeming jenkin-第42章

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of this paper。'  Jenkin had in fact made a determination at 

Birkenhead of the specific inductive capacity of gutta…percha; or 

of the gutta…percha and Chatterton's compound constituting the 

insulation of the cable; on which he experimented。  This was the 

very first true measurement of the specific inductive capacity of a 

dielectric which had been made after the discovery by Faraday of 

the existence of the property; and his primitive measurement of it 

for the three substances; glass; shellac; and sulphur; and at the 

time when Jenkin made his measurements the existence of specific 

inductive capacity was either unknown; or ignored; or denied; by 

almost all the scientific authorities of the day。



The original determination of the microfarad; brought out under the 

auspices of the British Association Committee on Electrical 

Standards; is due to experimental work by Jenkin; described in a 

paper; 'Experiments on Capacity;' constituting No。 IV。 of the 

appendix to the Report presented by the Committee to the Dundee 

Meeting of 1867。  No other determination; so far as I know; of this 

important element of electric measurement has hitherto been made; 

and it is no small thing to be proud of in respect to Jenkin's fame 

as a scientific and practical electrician that the microfarad which 

we now all use is his。



The British Association unit of electrical resistance; on which was 

founded the first practical approximation to absolute measurement 

on the system of Gauss and Weber; was largely due to Jenkin's zeal 

as one of the originators; and persevering energy as a working 

member; of the first Electrical Standards Committee。  The 

experimental work of first making practical standards; founded on 

the absolute system; which led to the unit now known as the British 

Association ohm; was chiefly performed by Clerk Maxwell and Jenkin。  

The realisation of the great practical benefit which has resulted 

from the experimental and scientific work of the Committee is 

certainly in a large measure due to Jenkin's zeal and perseverance 

as secretary; and as editor of the volume of Collected Reports of 

the work of the Committee; which extended over eight years; from 

1861 till 1869。  The volume of Reports included Jenkin's Cantor 

Lectures of January; 1866; 'On Submarine Telegraphy;' through which 

the practical applications of the scientific principles for which 

he had worked so devotedly for eight years became part of general 

knowledge in the engineering profession。



Jenkin's scientific activity continued without abatement to the 

end。  For the last two years of his life he was much occupied with 

a new mode of electric locomotion; a very remarkable invention of 

his own; to which he gave the name of 'Telpherage。'  He persevered 

with endless ingenuity in carrying out the numerous and difficult 

mechanical arrangements essential to the project; up to the very 

last days of his work in life。  He had completed almost every 

detail of the realisation of the system which was recently opened 

for practical working at Glynde; in Sussex; four months after his 

death。



His book on 'Magnetism and Electricity;' published as one of 

Longman's elementary series in 1873; marked a new departure in the 

exposition of electricity; as the first text…book containing a 

systematic application of the quantitative methods inaugurated by 

the British Association Committee on Electrical Standards。  In 1883 

the seventh edition was published; after there had already appeared 

two foreign editions; one in Italian and the other in German。



His papers on purely engineering subjects; though not numerous; are 

interesting and valuable。  Amongst these may be mentioned the 

article 'Bridges;' written by him for the ninth edition of the 

'Encyclopaedia Britannica;' and afterwards republished as a 

separate treatise in 1876; and a paper 'On the Practical 

Application of Reciprocal Figures to the Calculation of Strains in 

Framework;' read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and 

published in the 'Transactions' of that Society in 1869。  But 

perhaps the most important of all is his paper 'On the Application 

of Graphic Methods to the Determination of the Efficiency of 

Machinery;' read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and 

published in the 'Transactions;' vol。 xxviii。 (1876…78); for which 

he was awarded the Keith Gold Medal。  This paper was a continuation 

of the subject treated in 'Reulaux's Mechanism;' and; recognising 

the value of that work; supplied the elements required to 

constitute from Reulaux's kinematic system a full machine receiving 

energy and doing work。











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