memoir of fleeming jenkin-第42章
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of this paper。' Jenkin had in fact made a determination at
Birkenhead of the specific inductive capacity of gutta…percha; or
of the gutta…percha and Chatterton's compound constituting the
insulation of the cable; on which he experimented。 This was the
very first true measurement of the specific inductive capacity of a
dielectric which had been made after the discovery by Faraday of
the existence of the property; and his primitive measurement of it
for the three substances; glass; shellac; and sulphur; and at the
time when Jenkin made his measurements the existence of specific
inductive capacity was either unknown; or ignored; or denied; by
almost all the scientific authorities of the day。
The original determination of the microfarad; brought out under the
auspices of the British Association Committee on Electrical
Standards; is due to experimental work by Jenkin; described in a
paper; 'Experiments on Capacity;' constituting No。 IV。 of the
appendix to the Report presented by the Committee to the Dundee
Meeting of 1867。 No other determination; so far as I know; of this
important element of electric measurement has hitherto been made;
and it is no small thing to be proud of in respect to Jenkin's fame
as a scientific and practical electrician that the microfarad which
we now all use is his。
The British Association unit of electrical resistance; on which was
founded the first practical approximation to absolute measurement
on the system of Gauss and Weber; was largely due to Jenkin's zeal
as one of the originators; and persevering energy as a working
member; of the first Electrical Standards Committee。 The
experimental work of first making practical standards; founded on
the absolute system; which led to the unit now known as the British
Association ohm; was chiefly performed by Clerk Maxwell and Jenkin。
The realisation of the great practical benefit which has resulted
from the experimental and scientific work of the Committee is
certainly in a large measure due to Jenkin's zeal and perseverance
as secretary; and as editor of the volume of Collected Reports of
the work of the Committee; which extended over eight years; from
1861 till 1869。 The volume of Reports included Jenkin's Cantor
Lectures of January; 1866; 'On Submarine Telegraphy;' through which
the practical applications of the scientific principles for which
he had worked so devotedly for eight years became part of general
knowledge in the engineering profession。
Jenkin's scientific activity continued without abatement to the
end。 For the last two years of his life he was much occupied with
a new mode of electric locomotion; a very remarkable invention of
his own; to which he gave the name of 'Telpherage。' He persevered
with endless ingenuity in carrying out the numerous and difficult
mechanical arrangements essential to the project; up to the very
last days of his work in life。 He had completed almost every
detail of the realisation of the system which was recently opened
for practical working at Glynde; in Sussex; four months after his
death。
His book on 'Magnetism and Electricity;' published as one of
Longman's elementary series in 1873; marked a new departure in the
exposition of electricity; as the first text…book containing a
systematic application of the quantitative methods inaugurated by
the British Association Committee on Electrical Standards。 In 1883
the seventh edition was published; after there had already appeared
two foreign editions; one in Italian and the other in German。
His papers on purely engineering subjects; though not numerous; are
interesting and valuable。 Amongst these may be mentioned the
article 'Bridges;' written by him for the ninth edition of the
'Encyclopaedia Britannica;' and afterwards republished as a
separate treatise in 1876; and a paper 'On the Practical
Application of Reciprocal Figures to the Calculation of Strains in
Framework;' read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and
published in the 'Transactions' of that Society in 1869。 But
perhaps the most important of all is his paper 'On the Application
of Graphic Methods to the Determination of the Efficiency of
Machinery;' read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh; and
published in the 'Transactions;' vol。 xxviii。 (1876…78); for which
he was awarded the Keith Gold Medal。 This paper was a continuation
of the subject treated in 'Reulaux's Mechanism;' and; recognising
the value of that work; supplied the elements required to
constitute from Reulaux's kinematic system a full machine receiving
energy and doing work。
End