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through life。  Immersed as she was in the day's movements and 

buzzed about by leading Liberals; she handed on to him her creed in 

politics:  an enduring kindness for Italy; and a loyalty; like that 

of many clever women; to the Liberal party with but small regard to 

men or measures。  This attitude of mind used often to disappoint me 

in a man so fond of logic; but I see now how it was learned from 

the bright eyes of his mother and to the sound of the cannonades of 

1848。  To some of her defects; besides; she made him heir。  Kind as 

was the bond that united her to her son; kind and even pretty; she 

was scarce a woman to adorn a home; loving as she did to shine; 

careless as she was of domestic; studious of public graces。  She 

probably rejoiced to see the boy grow up in somewhat of the image 

of herself; generous; excessive; enthusiastic; external; catching 

at ideas; brandishing them when caught; fiery for the right; but 

always fiery; ready at fifteen to correct a consul; ready at fifty 

to explain to any artist his own art。



The defects and advantages of such a training were obvious in 

Fleeming throughout life。  His thoroughness was not that of the 

patient scholar; but of an untrained woman with fits of passionate 

study; he had learned too much from dogma; given indeed by 

cherished lips; and precocious as he was in the use of the tools of 

the mind; he was truly backward in knowledge of life and of 

himself。  Such as it was at least; his home and school training was 

now complete; and you are to conceive the lad as being formed in a 

household of meagre revenue; among foreign surroundings; and under 

the influence of an imperious drawing…room queen; from whom he 

learned a great refinement of morals; a strong sense of duty; much 

forwardness of bearing; all manner of studious and artistic 

interests; and many ready…made opinions which he embraced with a 

son's and a disciple's loyalty。







CHAPTER III。  1851…1858。







Return to England … Fleeming at Fairbairn's … Experience in a 

Strike … Dr。 Bell and Greek Architecture … The Gaskells … Fleeming 

at Greenwich … The Austins … Fleeming and the Austins … His 

Engagement … Fleeming and Sir W。 Thomson。





IN 1851; the year of Aunt Anna's death; the family left Genoa and 

came to Manchester; where Fleeming was entered in Fairbairn's works 

as an apprentice。  From the palaces and Alps; the Mole; the blue 

Mediterranean; the humming lanes and the bright theatres of Genoa; 

he fell … and he was sharply conscious of the fall … to the dim 

skies and the foul ways of Manchester。  England he found on his 

return 'a horrid place;' and there is no doubt the family found it 

a dear one。  The story of the Jenkin finances is not easy to 

follow。  The family; I am told; did not practice frugality; only 

lamented that it should be needful; and Mrs。 Jenkin; who was always 

complaining of 'those dreadful bills;' was 'always a good deal 

dressed。'  But at this time of the return to England; things must 

have gone further。  A holiday tour of a fortnight; Fleeming feared 

would be beyond what he could afford; and he only projected it 'to 

have a castle in the air。'  And there were actual pinches。  Fresh 

from a warmer sun; he was obliged to go without a greatcoat; and 

learned on railway journeys to supply the place of one with 

wrappings of old newspaper。



From half…past eight till six; he must 'file and chip vigorously in 

a moleskin suit and infernally dirty。'  The work was not new to 

him; for he had already passed some time in a Genoese shop; and to 

Fleeming no work was without interest。  Whatever a man can do or 

know; he longed to know and do also。  'I never learned anything;' 

he wrote; 'not even standing on my head; but I found a use for it。'  

In the spare hours of his first telegraph voyage; to give an 

instance of his greed of knowledge; he meant 'to learn the whole 

art of navigation; every rope in the ship and how to handle her on 

any occasion'; and once when he was shown a young lady's holiday 

collection of seaweeds; he must cry out; 'It showed me my eyes had 

been idle。'  Nor was his the case of the mere literary smatterer; 

content if he but learn the names of things。  In him; to do and to 

do well; was even a dearer ambition than to know。  Anything done 

well; any craft; despatch; or finish; delighted and inspired him。  

I remember him with a twopenny Japanese box of three drawers; so 

exactly fitted that; when one was driven home; the others started 

from their places; the whole spirit of Japan; he told me; was 

pictured in that box; that plain piece of carpentry was as much 

inspired by the spirit of perfection as the happiest drawing or the 

finest bronze; and he who could not enjoy it in the one was not 

fully able to enjoy it in the others。  Thus; too; he found in 

Leonardo's engineering and anatomical drawings a perpetual feast; 

and of the former he spoke even with emotion。  Nothing indeed 

annoyed Fleeming more than the attempt to separate the fine arts 

from the arts of handicraft; any definition or theory that failed 

to bring these two together; according to him; had missed the 

point; and the essence of the pleasure received lay in seeing 

things well done。  Other qualities must be added; he was the last 

to deny that; but this; of perfect craft; was at the bottom of all。  

And on the other hand; a nail ill…driven; a joint ill…fitted; a 

tracing clumsily done; anything to which a man had set his hand and 

not set it aptly; moved him to shame and anger。  With such a 

character; he would feel but little drudgery at Fairbairn's。  There 

would be something daily to be done; slovenliness to be avoided; 

and a higher mark of skill to be attained; he would chip and file; 

as he had practiced scales; impatient of his own imperfection; but 

resolute to learn。



And there was another spring of delight。  For he was now moving 

daily among those strange creations of man's brain; to some so 

abhorrent; to him of an interest so inexhaustible:  in which iron; 

water; and fire are made to serve as slaves; now with a tread more 

powerful than an elephant's; and now with a touch more precise and 

dainty than a pianist's。  The taste for machinery was one that I 

could never share with him; and he had a certain bitter pity for my 

weakness。  Once when I had proved; for the hundredth time; the 

depth of this defect; he looked at me askance。  'And the best of 

the joke;' said he; 'is that he thinks himself quite a poet。'  For 

to him the struggle of the engineer against brute forces and with 

inert allies; was nobly poetic。  Habit never dulled in him the 

sense of the greatness of the aims and obstacles of his profession。  

Habit only sharpened his inventor's gusto in contrivance; in 

triumphant artifice; in the Odyssean subtleties; by which wires are 

taught to speak; and iron hands to weave; and the slender ship to 

brave and to outstrip the tempest。  To the ignorant the great 

results alone are admirable; to the knowing; and to Fleeming in 

particular; rather the infinite device and sleight of hand that 

made them possible。



A notion was current at the time that; in such a shop as 

Fairbairn's; a pupil would never be popular unless he drank with 

the workmen and imitated them in speech and manner。  Fleeming; who 

would do none of these things; they accepted as a friend and 

companion; and this was the subject of remark in Manchester; where 

some memory of it lingers till to…day。  He thought it one of the 

advantages of his profession to be brought into a close relation 

with the working classes; and for the skilled artisan he had a 

great esteem; liking his company; his virtues; and his taste in 

some of the arts。  But he knew the classes too well to regard them; 

like a platform speaker; in a lump。  He drew; on the other hand; 

broad distinctions; and it was his profound sense of the differ

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