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第17章

the evolution of theology-第17章

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those respecting the Deity and that concerning the Sabbath; and

the penalties for infringing it were of the same character。

In China; a corresponding reverence for parents is part and

parcel of ancestor…worship; so in ancient Rome and in Greece

(where parents were even called 'secondary and earthly')。 The

fifth commandment; as it stands; would be an excellent

compromise between ancestor…worship and monotheism。 The larger

hereditary share allotted by Israelitic law to the eldest son

reminds one of the privileges attached to primogeniture in

ancient Rome; which were closely connected with ancestor…

worship。 There is a good deal to be said in favour of the

speculation that the ark of the covenant may have been a relic

of ancestor…worship; but that topic is too large to be dealt

with incidentally in this place



(13) 〃The Scientific Aspects of Positivism;〃 Fortnightly

Review; 1869; republished in Lay Sermons。



(14) OEuvres de Bossuet; ed。 1808; t。 xxxv。 p。 282。



(15) I should like further to add the expression of my

indebtedness to two works by Herr Julius Lippert; Der

Seelencult in seinen Beziehungen zur alt…hebraischen

Religion and Die Religionen der europaischen

Culturvolker; both pubished in 1881。 I have found them full

of valuable suggestions。



(16) See among others the remarkable work of Fustel de

Coulanges; La Cite antique; in which the social

importance of the old Roman ancestor…worship is brought out with

great clearness。



(17) Supposed to be 〃the finer or more aeriform part of the

body;〃 standing in 〃the same relation to the body as the perfume

and the more essential qualities of a flower do to the more

solid substances〃 (Mariner; vol。 ii。 p。 127)。



(18) A kind of 〃clients〃 in the Roman sense。



(19) It is worthy of remark that 'Greek' among the Greeks; and

Deus among the Romans; had the same wide signification。

The dii manes were ghosts of ancestors=Atuas of

the family。



(20) Voyages aux iles du Grand Ocean; t。 i。 p。 482。



(21) Te Ika a Maui: New Zealand and its Inhabitants;

p。 72。



(22) Compare: 〃And Samuel said unto Saul; Why hast thou

disquieted me?〃 (I Sam。 xxviii。 l5)



(23) Turner; Nineteen Years in Polynesia; p。 238。



(24) See Lippert's excellent remarks on this subject; Der

Seelencult; p。 89。



(25) Sciography has the authority of Cudworth;

Intellectual System; vol。 ii。 p。 836。 Sciomancy 'Greek';

which; in the sense of divination by ghosts; may be found in

Bailey's Dictionary (1751) also furnishes a precedent for

my coinage。



(26) 〃Kami〃 is used in the sense of Elohim; and is also; like

our word 〃Lord;〃 employed as a title of respect among men; as

indeed Elohim was。



(27) 'The Assyrians thus raised Assur to a position of

pre…eminence。'



(28) I refer those who wish to know the reasons which lead me to

take up this position to the works of Reuss and Wellhausen; 'and

especially to Stade's Geschichte des Volkes Israel。'



(29) Bunsen。 Egypt's Place; vol。 v。 p。129; note。



(30) See Birch; in Egypt's Place; vol。 v; and Brugsch;

History of Egypt。



(31) Even by Graetz; who; though a fair enough historian; cannot

be accused of any desire to over…estimate the importance of

Egyptian influence upon his people。



(32) Graetz; Geschichte der Juden; Bd。 i。 p。 370。



(33) See the careful analsyis of the work of the Alexandrian

philosopher and theologian (who; it should be remembered; was a

most devout Jew; held in the highest esteem by his countrymen)

in Siegfried's Philo von Alexandrien; 1875。 'Also Dr。

J。 Drummond's Philo Judaeus; 1888。'



(34) I am not unaware of the existence of many and widely

divergent sects and schools among the Jews at all periods of

their history; since the dispersion。 But I imagine that orthodox

Judaism is now pretty much what it was in Philo's time;

while Peter and Paul; if they could return to life; would

certainly have to learn the catechism of either the Roman;

Greek; or Anglican Churches; if they desired to be considered

orthodox Christians。



(35) Dante's description of Lucifer engaged in the eternal

mastication of Brutus; Cassius; and Judas Iscariot

   〃Da ogni bocca dirompea co' denti

      Un peccatore; a guisa di maciulla;

      Si che tre ne facea così dolenti。

    A quel dinanzi il mordere era nulla;

      Verso 'l graffiar; che tal volta la schiena

      Rimanea della pelle tutta brulla〃

is quite in harmony with the Pisan picture and perfectly

Polynesian in conception。











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